Note: Front Cover -- Freshwater Algae of North America: Ecology and Classification -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- Contributors -- Preface -- First Edition -- Second Edition -- Literature Cited -- Chapter 1: Introduction to the Freshwater Algae -- I . Introduction -- II . Classification -- A . Key to the Taxonomic Chapters in This Book -- III . Groups of Freshwater Algae -- A . Cyanobacteria -- B . Red Algae -- C . Green Algae -- D . Euglenoids -- E . Eustigmatophyte, Raphidiophyte, and Xanthophyte Algae -- F . Chrysophycean Algae -- G . Haptophyte Algae -- H . Synurophyte Algae -- I . Diatoms -- J . Dinoflagellates -- K . Cryptomonads -- L . Brown Algae -- Literature Cited -- Chapter 2: Habitats of Freshwater Algae -- I . What are Freshwater Habitats? -- II . Lentic Habitats -- A . Major Lakes of North America -- B . Lakes and Ponds -- C . Small-Scale Lentic Habitats and Microhabitats -- D . Mutualistic, Commensal, and Symbiotic Habitats in Lakes -- E . Planktonic Habitats and Assemblages in Lakes -- 1 . Diversity and Composition -- 2 . Factors Regulating Phytoplankton Production in Lakes -- F . Benthic Habitats and Assemblages in Lakes -- 1 . Epiphytic and Epixylic Habitats -- 2 . Epilithic Habitats -- 3 . Epipelic and Epipsammic Habitats -- 4 . Benthic Macroalgae -- G . Wastewater Systems -- III . Lotic Habitats -- A . Brief Overview of the Geomorphology of Rivers -- B . Headwaters and Stony Streams -- C . Major Rivers of North America -- D . The River Continuum and Other Models -- E . Benthic Habitats and Assemblages in Rivers -- 1 . Benthic Algal Diversity, Composition, and Biogeography -- 2 . Factors Regulating Benthic Algae in Rivers -- F . Planktonic Habitats and Assemblages in Rivers -- IV . Wetland Habitats -- A . Functional Importance of Algae in Wetlands -- B . Algal Diversity and Production in Freshwater Wetlands. , V . Spring Habitats -- A . Thermal Springs -- B . Acid Springs -- C . Karst Springs -- VI . Subaerial Habitats -- A . Soils -- B . Epilithic and Endolithic Habitats -- C . Plants and Animals -- D . Snow and Ice -- Acknowledgments -- Literature Cited -- Chapter 3: Coccoid Cyanobacteria -- I . Introduction -- II . Morphology and Diversity -- A . Cellular and Colonial Morphology -- B . Cytology -- C . Cell Division and Reproduction -- D . Diversity and Classification -- III . Ecology and Distribution -- A . Soils and Arid Environments -- B . Subaerial Environments -- C . Aquatic Environments -- 1 . Standing Waters -- 2 . Bloom-Forming Species -- 3 . Picoplanktonic and Nanoplanktonic Species -- 4 . Benthic and Epiphytic Species -- 5 . Transported Plankton in Rivers and Streams -- 6 . Wetlands -- D . Extreme Environments -- 1 . Thermal Waters -- 2 . Saline Inland and Coastal Habitats -- 3 . Endolithic and Lithogenic Habitats -- E . Geographic Distribution -- IV . Collection, Preparation, and Culture -- V . Key and Description of Genera -- A . Key -- B . Descriptions of Genera 2 -- Gloeobacterales -- Gloeobacteraceae -- Synechococcales -- Synechococcaceae -- Merismopediaceae -- Coelosphaeriaceae -- Chamaesiphonaceae -- Chroococcales -- Microcystaceae -- Aphanothecaceae -- Cyanobacteriaceae -- Cyanotrichaceae -- Stichosiphonaceae -- Chroococcaceae -- Gomphosphaeriaceae -- Entophysalidaceae -- Pleurocapsales -- Hydrococcaceae -- Dermocarpellaceae -- Xenococcaceae -- Hyellaceae -- Chroococcidiopsidales -- Chroococcidiopsidaceae -- Oscillatoriales -- Cyanothecaceae -- VI . Guide to the Literature for Species Identification -- Literature Cited -- Chapter 4: Filamentous Cyanobacteria -- I . Introduction -- II . Diversity and Morphology -- A . Cytology and Morphology -- B . Specialized Cells -- C . Reproduction -- III . Ecology and Distribution. , IV . Collection and Preparation for Identification -- V . Key to North American Genera -- A . Key -- B . Descriptions of Genera 2 -- VI . Guide to Literature for Species Identification -- Literature Cited -- Chapter 5: Red Algae -- I . Introduction -- II . Diversity and Morphology -- A . Diversity -- B . Vegetative Morphology -- C . Reproduction -- III . Ecology and Distribution -- A . Streams and Rivers -- 1 . Patterns of Distribution -- 2 . Physical Factors -- 3 . Chemical Factors -- 4 . Biotic Factors -- B . Other Inland Habitats -- IV . Collection and Preparation for Identification -- V . Key and Descriptions of Genera -- A . Key -- B . Descriptions of Genera (for a List of Species in Each Genus, see Table 1) -- Key to the North American Sections ( Fig. 7) -- VI . Guide to the Literature for Species Identification -- Acknowledgments -- Literature Cited -- Chapter 6: Flagellate Green Algae -- I . Introduction -- II . Diversity and Morphology -- III . Ecology and Distribution -- IV . Collection and Preparation for Identification -- V . Key to Genera -- VI . Description of North American Genera -- VII . A Guide to the Literature for Species Identification -- North American genera -- Genera not recorded in North America -- Literature Cited -- Chapter 7. Nonmotile Coccoid and Colonial Green Algae -- I . Introduction -- II . Diversity and Morphology -- III . Ecology and Distribution -- IV . Collection and Preparation for Investigation and Identification -- V . Key and Descriptions of Genera -- A . Key -- Key to Genera -- B . Descriptions of Genera -- C . Addendum -- VI . A Guide to the Literature for Species Identification -- Acknowledgments -- Literature Cited -- Chapter 8. Filamentous (Nonconjugating) and Plantlike Green Algae -- I . Introduction -- II . Diversity and Morphology -- A . Morphology and Cell Structure -- B . Reproduction. , C . Classification of Green Algae -- III . Ecology and Distribution -- A . Aquatic Habitats -- B . Soil and Subaerial Habitats -- IV . Collection and Preparation of Samples -- V . Key and Descriptions of North American Genera -- A . Key to Groups -- B . Key to Genera by Group -- 1 . Group I (Order Charales) -- 2 . Group II (Orders Ulvales, Prasiolales in Part) -- 3 . Group III (Orders Oedogoniales, Sphaeropleales in Part, Microsporales, Ulotrichales in Part, Cylindrocapsales, Clado ... -- 4 . Group IV (Chaetophorales in Part, Coleochaetales, Oedogoniales in Part, Cladophorales in Part, Siphonales in Part) -- 5 . Group V (representatives of several orders and incertae taxa) -- C . Descriptions of Genera ( Figs. 1-15) -- Class Charophyceae -- Order Charales -- Class Chlorophyceae -- Order Chaetopeltidales -- Order Chaetophorales -- Order Chlamydomonadales -- Order Oedogoniales -- Order Sphaeropleales -- Class Coleochaetophyceae -- Order Coleochaetales -- Class Klebsormidiophyceae -- Order Klebsormidiales -- Class Ulvophyceae -- Order Bryopsidales -- Order Cladophorales -- Chaetomorpha Kützing -- Order Trentepohliales -- Order Ulotrichales -- Order Ulvales -- Class Trebouxiophyceae -- Order Microthamniales -- Order Prasiolales -- Trebouxiophyceae incertae sedis -- Incertae Sedis -- VI . Guide to Literature for Species Identification -- Acknowledgments -- Literature Cited -- Chapter 9. Conjugating Green Algae Including Desmids -- I . Introduction -- II . Biodiversity and Morphology -- A . Biodiversity -- B . Morphology -- III . Ecology and Distribution -- IV . Collection and Preparation for Identification -- V . Key to North American Genera -- VI . Descriptions of Genera -- A . Zygnematales -- B . Desmidiales -- 1 . Closteriaceae -- 2 . Desmidiaceae -- 3 . Gonatozygaceae -- 4 . Peniaceae -- VII . Guide to the Literature for Species Identification. , Literature Cited -- Chapter 10. Photosynthetic Euglenoids -- I . Introduction -- II . Diversity and Morphology -- III . Ecology and Distribution -- IV . Collection and Preparation for Identification -- V . Key to North American Genera -- VI . A Guide to the Literature for Species Identification -- Literature Cited -- Chapter 11. Xanthophyte, Eustigmatophyte, and Raphidophyte Algae -- I . General Introduction -- II . Xanthophytes -- A . Introduction -- B . Diversity and Morphology -- 1 . Classification, Phylogeny, and Morphology -- 2 . Reproduction -- C . Ecology and Distribution -- III . Eustigmatophyceae -- A . Introduction -- B . Diversity and Morphology -- C . Ecology and Distribution -- IV . Keys and Descriptions of Genera of Xanthophytes and Eustigmatophytes -- 1 . Keys -- Key 1. Xanthophytes and Eustigmatophytes of Coccoid Organization -- Key 2. Xanthophytes of Filamentous or Siphonous Organization -- Key 3. Doubtful Xanthophytes: Amoeboid or Capsoid Organization -- 2 . Descriptions of Genera -- Approved Xanthophytes ( Table 1) -- Coccoid organizational level ( Table 1 -- Figs. 1-8) -- Filamentous Organizational Level ( Table 1 -- Figs. 9, 10) -- Siphonous Organizational Level ( Table 1 -- Fig. 11) -- Untested Xanthophytes ( Table 1) -- Coccoid Organizational Level ( Table 1 -- Figs. 1-8) -- Filamentous Organizational Level ( Table 1 -- Figs.9, 10) -- Doubtful Xanthophytes ( Table 1 -- Figs. 12 and 13) -- Eustigmatophytes -- Approved Eustigmatophytes ( Table 2 -- Figs. 2-8) -- Candidate Eustigmatophytes ( Table 2 -- Figs. 2, 5, 8) -- V . Raphidophytes -- A . Introduction -- B . Diversity and Morphology -- C . Ecology and Distribution -- D . Key and Descriptions of Genera -- 1 . Key -- 2 . Descriptions of Genera ( Fig. 14) -- VI . Collection and Preparation for Identification -- VII . Guide to the Literature for Species Identification. , Acknowledgments.

Note: Front Cover -- Freshwater Algae of North America -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Contributors -- Preface -- CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION TO FRESHWATER ALGAE -- I. Introduction -- II. Classification -- III. Taxonomic Chapters in This Book -- Literature Cited -- CHAPTER 2. FRESHWATER HABITATS OF ALGAE -- I. What is Fresh Water? -- II. Lentic Environments -- III. Lotic Environments -- IV. Wetlands -- V. Thermal and Acidic Environments -- VI. Unusual Environments -- Literature Cited -- CHAPTER 3. COCCOID AND COLONIAL CYANOBACTERIA -- I. Introduction -- II. Morphology and Diversity -- III. Ecology and Distribution -- IV. Collection, Preparation, and Culture -- V. Key and Descriptions of Genera -- VI. Guide to Literature for Species Identification -- Literature Cited -- CHAPTER 4. FILAMENTOUS CYANOBACTERIA -- I. Introduction -- II. Morphology -- III. Ecology -- IV. Methods -- V. Key and Descriptions of Genera -- Note Added in Proof -- VI. Guide to Literature for Species Identification -- Literature Cited -- CHAPTER 5. RED ALGAE -- I. Introduction -- II. Diversity and Morphology -- III. Ecology and Distribution -- IV. Collection and Preparation for Identification -- V. Key and Descriptions of Genera -- VI. Guide to Literature for Species Identification -- Literature Cited -- CHAPTER 6. FLAGELLATED GREEN ALGAE -- I. Introduction -- II. Diversity and Morphology -- III. Ecology and Distribution -- IV. Collection and Preparation for Identification -- V. Key and Descriptions of Genera -- VI. Guide to Literature for Species Identification -- Literature Cited -- CHAPTER 7. NONMOTILE COCCOID AND COLONIAL GREEN ALGAE -- I. Introduction -- II. Diversity and Morphology -- III. Ecology and Distribution -- IV. Collection and Preparation for Identification -- V. Key and Descriptions of Genera -- VI. Guide to Literature for Species Identification -- Literature Cited. , CHAPTER 8. FILAMENTOUS AND PLANTLIKE GREEN ALGAE -- I. Introduction -- II. Diversity and Morphology -- III. Classification of Green Algae -- IV. Ecology and Distribution -- V. Collection and Preparation of Samples -- VI. Key and Descriptions of Genera -- VII. Guide to Literature for Species Identification -- Literature Cited -- CHAPTER 9. CONJUGATING GREEN ALGAE AND DESMIDS -- I. Introduction -- II. Diversity and Morphology -- III. Ecology and Distribution -- IV. Collection and Preparation for Identification -- V. Key and Descriptions of Genera -- VI. Guide to Literature for Species Identification -- Literature Cited -- CHAPTER 10. PHOTOSYNTHETIC EUGLENOIDS -- I. Introduction -- II. Diversity and Morphology -- III. Ecology and Distribution -- IV. Collection, Culturing, and Preparation for Identification -- V. Key and Descriptions of North American Genera -- VI. Guide to Literature for Species Identification -- Literature Cited -- CHAPTER 11. EUSTIGMATOPHYTE, RAPHIDOPHYTE, AND TRIBOPHYTE ALGAE -- I. General Introduction -- II. Eustigmatophytes -- III. Raphidophytes -- IV. Tribophytes -- V. Collection and Preparation for Identification -- VI. Guide to Literature for Species Identification -- Literature Cited -- CHAPTER 12. CHRYSOPHYCEAN ALGAE -- I. Introduction -- II. Diversity and Morphology -- III. Ecology -- IV. Collection and Preparation for Identification -- V. Key and Descriptions of Genera -- VI. Guide to Literature for Species Identification -- Literature Cited -- CHAPTER 13. HAPTOPHYTE ALGAE -- I. Introduction -- II. Diversity and Morphology -- III. Ecology and Distribution -- IV. Collection and Preparation for Identification -- V. Key and Descriptions of Genera -- VI. Guide to Literature for Species Identification -- Literature Cited -- CHAPTER 14. SYNUROPHYTE ALGAE -- I. Introduction -- II. Diversity and Morphology. , III. Ecology and Distribution -- IV. Collection and Preparation for Identification -- V. Keys to Genera and Common Species from North America -- VI. Guide to Literature for Species Identification -- Literature Cited -- CHAPTER 15. CENTRIC DIATOMS -- I. General Introduction to the Diatoms -- II. Introduction to Centric Diatoms -- III. Classification -- IV. Morphology and Physiology -- V. Ecology and Evolution -- VI. Collection and Study Methods -- VII. Key and Descriptions of Genera -- VIII. Guide to Literature for Species Identification -- Literature Cited -- CHAPTER 16. ARAPHID AND MONORAPHID DIATOMS -- I. Introduction -- II. Diversity and Morphology -- III. Ecology and Distribution -- IV. Collection and Preparation for Identification -- V. Key and Descriptions of Genera -- VI. Guide to Literature for Species Identification -- Literature Cited -- CHAPTER 17. SYMMETRICAL NAVICULOID DIATOMS -- I. Introduction -- II. Ecology and Distribution -- III. Key and Descriptions of Genera -- IV. Guide to Literature for Species Identification -- Literature Cited -- CHAPTER 18. EUNOTIOID AND ASYMMETRICAL NAVICULOID DIATOMS -- I. Introduction -- II. Diversity and Morphology -- III. Ecology and Distribution -- IV. Key and Descriptions of North American Genera -- V. Guide to Literature for Species Identification -- Literature Cited -- CHAPTER 19. KEELED AND CANALLED RAPHID DIATOMS -- I. Introduction -- II. Diversity and Morphology -- III. Ecology and Distribution -- IV. Collection and Preparation for Identification -- V. Keys and Descriptions of Genera -- VI. Guide to Literature for Species Identification -- Literature Cited -- CHAPTER 20. DINOFLAGELLATES -- I. Introduction -- II. Morphology and Diversity -- III. Ecology and Distribution -- IV. Collection and Preparation for Identification -- V. Key and Descriptions of Genera. , VI. Guide to Literature for Species Identification -- Literature Cited -- CHAPTER 21. CRYPTOMONADS -- I. Introduction -- II. Unique Features of Cryptomonads -- III. Origin of Cryptomonads -- IV. Ecology -- V. Collection, Preparation for Isolation, and Culturing -- VI. Classification, Key, and Descriptions -- VII. Availability of Cryptomonads -- VIII. Family Katablepharidaceae -- Literature Cited -- CHAPTER 22. BROWN ALGAE -- I. Introduction -- II. Diversity and Morphology -- III. Ecology and Distribution -- IV. Methods for Collection and Identification -- V. Key and Descriptions of Genera -- VI. Guide to Literature for Species Identification -- Literature Cited -- CHAPTER 23. USE OF ALGAE IN ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENTS -- I. Introduction -- II. Goals of Environmental Assessment with Algae -- III. Sampling and Assessing Algal Assemblages for Environmental Assessment -- IV. Developing Metrics for Hazard Assessment -- V. Exposure Assessment: What Are Environmental Conditions? -- VI. Stressor-Response Relations -- VII. Risk Characterization and Management decisions -- VIII. Conclusions -- Literature Cited -- CHAPTER 24. CONTROL OF NUISANCE ALGAE -- I. Introduction -- II. Problems Associated with Algae -- III. Control Methods for Nuisance Algae -- Literature Cited -- Glossary -- Author Index -- Subject Index -- Taxonomic Index.