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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Chromatography A 204 (1981), S. 481-490 
    ISSN: 0021-9673
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of legal medicine 86 (1981), S. 239-243 
    ISSN: 1437-1596
    Keywords: Shockwave, interaction with nervous tissue ; Impacts of projectiles, shockwaves ; Schockwellen, Auswirkung am peripheren Nerven durch Geschoßeinwirkung ; Geschoßeinwirkung, Schockwellen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Mit Hilfe eines ausführlich dargestellten Versuchsaufbaues wird gezeigt, daß durch Geschoßeinwirkung entstehende sogenannte Schockwellen an peripheren Nerven Summenaktionspotentiale (CAP) ausgelöst werden können. Die Amplitude des CAP steigt zunächst mit zunehmendem Schockwellendruck an, erreicht aber dann eine Sättigung bei ca. 8 bar. Der Nerv zeigt keine elektrische Aktivität unterhalb einer Schockwellenamplitude von 0,75 bar.
    Notes: Summary To verify a presumed interaction between shockwaves arisen by impacts of high velocity projectiles and nervous tissue an electrophysiological experiment is performed with the following results: In peripheral nerves regular compound action potentials (CAPs) are provoked by shockwaves the amplitudes of which are increased corresponding to the pressure intensity of the shockwaves. The nerve shows no electrical activity below a certain pressure threshold (0.75 bar). Saturation of the CAP amplitude occurs beyond a pressure limit of 8 bar.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Rechtsmedizin 8 (1997), S. 13-16 
    ISSN: 1434-5196
    Keywords: Key words Matching ; FEM skull model ; Skull fracture ; pattern ; Computer tomography ; Photogrammetry ; Schlüsselwörter Matching ; FEM-Schädelmodell ; Schädelkalottenbruchsystem ; Computertomographie ; Photogrammetrie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Wesentliche Voraussetzungen für die Rekonstruktion von traumatischen Krafteinwirkungen sind: 1. Die Erzeugung eines individuellen, geometrisch korrekten und kontinuumsmechanisch adäquaten Körpermodelles, an welchem die Wirkung (i.S. eines Verletzungsmusters) der in Frage stehenden speziellen Verletzungsdynamik im Wege der Simulation validiert werden kann. 2. Die integrative und maßstabgerechte Superposition von in verschiedenen Datenquellen niedergelegten traumatischen Schädigungen. Für ein Schädeltrauma konnte die erste Voraussetzung dadurch realisiert werden, daß es gelang, aus den computertomograpisch gemessenen Daten mit Hilfe der Finite-Elemente-Technik ein individuelles, geometrisch korrektes knöchernes Schädelmodell zu erzeugen, dem für jedes finite Element realistische Materialeigenschaften zugefügt wurden, um so ein Objekt zu erhalten, das im Wege der Simulation der Dynamik der zu rekonstruierenden zerstörenden Kraftwirkung ausgesetzt werden kann. Die zweite Voraussetzung wird dadurch erfüllt, daß im Wege eines in der vorliegenden Arbeit vorgestellten Matching-Verfahrens eine sehr präzise Superposition von computertomographischen und von photogrammetrischen Daten gelingt.
    Notes: Abstract Requirements for the reconstruction of traumatic effects are: 1. The generation of an individual geometrically correct and mechanically adequate body model by which the effect (e.g. the injury pattern) of the special injury dynamics to be examined, can be validated by simulation. 2. The integrative and time-to-scale representation of traumatic lesions documented by different data systems. For a head injury the first requirement was realized using a finite element model (FEM) to construct an individual skull model from computer tomographic data. To each FEM cell the realistic material property was added to obtain an object which could be exposed by simulation to the dynamics of the destroying forces. The second requirement is fulfilled by getting a precise superposition of computer tomographic and photogrammetric data by the kind of matching presented in the paper.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of legal medicine 69 (1971), S. 125-131 
    ISSN: 1437-1596
    Keywords: Bayessches Theorem ; Vaterschafts-Plausibilität
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Das Bayessche Theorem wird zur Berechnung der Vaterschaftsplausibilität angewendet und gleichzeitig die Richtigkeit der Anwendung durch Schätzung des Verhältnisses $$\bar q$$ in einem gegebenen Material überprüft. Durch das angegebene Verfahren erhält die Schätzung vonq eine breite Grundlage, da es nicht nur aus dem Verhältnis der Ausschlüsse zur mittleren Ausschluß wahrscheinlichkeit, sondern aus sämtlichen Terzett-typen ermittelt wird. Dem Blutgruppengutachter wird empfohlen,q in seinem Material zu schätzen und festzustellen, ob eine Berechnung der Vaterschaftsplausibilität in seinem Material nach dem Bayesschen Theorem möglich ist.
    Notes: Summary Applying Bayes' theorem a method for the calculation of the plausibility of paternity is proposed. The estimate ofq as realization of the eventsDV—the occurrence of dublets mother-child with true fathers—and $$\overline {DV} $$ —the occurrence of dublets mother-child with falsely alleged men—serves as means to prove the correctness of the application. Experts in blood group serology are invited to estimateq in their case material to find out if Bayes' theorem can be applied to paternity calculations.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of legal medicine 89 (1982), S. 105-114 
    ISSN: 1437-1596
    Keywords: Interchange of ethanol ; Linked convection-diffusion system ; Arterial ethanol concentration ; Tissue concentration of ethanol ; Äthanolaustausch (interkompartimentell) ; Gekoppeltes Konvektions-Diffusions-System ; Arterielle Blutalkoholkonzentration ; Gewebsalkoholkonzentration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Der interkompartimentelle Äthanolaustausch im Körper des Menschen erfolgt in einem gekoppelten Konvektions-Diffusions-System. Durch Aufteilung des Herzminutenvolumens in einen funktionellen Mischstrom und einen Shuntstrom läßt sich dieses System mathematisch beschreiben. Experimentelle Messungen zeigen, daßdas Verhältnis von Shunt- zu Mischstrom nahezu 1:1 beträgt. Weiterhin läßt die Aufteilung eine Berechnung des arteriellen Blutalkoholkonzentrationsverlaufs aus dem venösen und eine Abschätzung der in das Gewebe eingedrungenen Äthanolmenge zu.
    Notes: Summary Interchange of ethanol between the compartments of the body results from transport in a linked convection-diffusion system. This system can be described mathematically by dividing up the cardiac output in a shunt flow and a flow immediately mixed into the integrated solvent volume of the body. Experimental measurement shows that the ratio of shunt flow and mixing flow is nearly 1:1. Furthermore, this division allows a calculation of the arterial ethanol concentration from the venous one and an estimation of the quantity of ethanol diffused into the tissue volume.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 60 (1982), S. 767-772 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Diabetes mellitus ; Diabetic glomerulosclerosis ; Clinical symptoms ; Proteinuria ; Insulin ; Diabetes mellitus ; diabetische Glomerulosklerose ; Klinik ; Proteinurie ; Insulin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 111 Fälle (bioptisch erfaßtn=106, autoptisch erfaßtn=5) werden in drei Gruppen eingeteilt: Diffuse diabetische Glomerulosklerose (n=74), gemischt diffus-noduläre Glomerulosklerose (n=14) und noduläre diabetische Glomerulosklerose (n=23). Die klinischen Parameter, Angaben über Dauer des Diabetes und Dauer der Nierenerkrankung sowie über Therapieformen werden zu den einzelnen morphologischen Gruppen korreliert. Dabei ergibt sich unter anderem: Die noduläre Glomerulosklerose tritt besonders häufig bei Frauen auf, geht häufig mit einer Diabetes-Manifestation jenseits des 40. Lebensjahres einher, ist mit der längsten Diabetes-Dauer korreliert und weist einen häufig meist stark erhöhten Serumkreatinin-Spiegel auf. Die Proteinurie ist mit rund 90% häufigstes und erstes Symptom der diabetischen Glomeruloskerose. Eine Insulinbehandlung hat offenbar einen günstigen Einfluß auf die Proteinurie. Zusammenfassend muß jedoch betont werden, daß die Variabilität der klinischen Symptomatik sehr groß ist, so daß eine Diagnose allein auf der Basis klinischer Befunde nicht immer möglich ist.
    Notes: Summary One hundred and eleven cases of diabetic glomerulosclerosis (biopsiesn=106, autopsiesn=5) are divided into three groups: Diffuse diabetic glomerulosclerosis (n=74), mixed diffuse-nodular glomerulosclerosis (n=14) and nodular diabetic glomerulosclerosis (n=23). The clinical parameters, data concerning duration of diabetes and of renal disease, as well as types of therapy, were correlated with the different morphologic groups. The following results could be observed: nodular glomerulosclerosis very frequently occurs in women, often accompanied by a diabetes-manifestation beyond the fourth decade of life. This correlated with the longest duration of diabetes and frequently showed a greatly increased serum-creatinine level. Proteinuria of about 90% is the most frequent and first symptom of diabetic glomerulosclerosis. Therapy with insulin apparently shows an advantageous influence on proteinuria. In summary, however, the variability of clinical symptoms and signs should be emphasised, preventing in some cases a diagnosis being made on clinical findings alone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1437-1596
    Keywords: Key words Ganglion cells ; Hippocampus ; Immunohistochemistry ; Mean optical density (MOD) ; Morphine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Notes: Abstract To investigate the topography of morphine distribution in the human brain, a method has been developed to detect morphine immunohistochemically. In this study hippocampus tissue from victims of heroin overdose (blood morphine concentrations 220 ng/g–1500 ng/g; 6-MAM positive urine sample), known for its high concentration of μ-opiate receptors was used. The immunohistochemical staining was performed with an anti-morphine antiserum originally developed for radio-immuno-assays. In comparison with control specimens from cases of sudden death without morphine exposition or a history of heroin abuse, the brains from victims of heroin overdose showed selectively stained ganglion cells, axons and dendrites, suggesting a massive concentration of morphine in the neuronal structures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 349 (1970), S. 345-356 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung An 35 Meerschweinchen wurden nach Immunisierung mit reinem Rinderinsulin über 24–150 Tage die glomerulären Nierenveränderungen im Blindversuch an Semidünnschnitten quantitativ untersucht (Mesangiumvolumen, glomeruläre Zellzahl, „Index of diabetic glomerular lesions“) und, neben der Proteinurie, im Serum die Höhe des Antikörpertiters gegen Insulin (Insulinbindungskapazität) und der Cholesterin-, Harnstoff-und Albuminspiegel bestimmt. Mit zunehmender Dauer der Immunisierung kommt es zu einer Vermehrung der Mesangiumzellen um 57% gegenüber der Norm, zu einer Abnahme der Deckzellen, zu einer Verbreiterung des Mesangiums auf 12,4%, so daß stellenweise noduläre Mesangiumverbreiterungen beobachtet werden. Der IDGL nimmt gegenüber der Norm ab. Antikörper gegen das heterologe Insulin sind in jeder Phase der Immunisierung nachweisbar, während bei den übrigen Serumwerten (Harnstoff, Albumin) nach anfänglichen Veränderungen aller Werte eine spätere Normalisierung eintritt. Der Serumcholesterinspiegel ist auch in den Spätstadien der Immunisierung erhöht. Es kommt somit nach Immunisierung mit heterologem Insulin zu einer Proliferation ortsständiger glomerulärer Zellen im Sinne einer proliferativen intercapillären Glomerulonephritis, die morphologisch an die noduläre diabetische Glomerulosklerose erinnert und deren Ursache in einer Schädigung und funktionellen Störung des Mesangiums zu sehen ist.
    Notes: Summary In a blind-experiment with semi-thin sections we explored quantitatively the glomerular changes (mesangial volume, number of glomerular-cells, “index of diabetic glomerular lesions”) in 35 guinea pigs after immunizing them with pure beef insulin for 24–150 days. We determined the proteinuria, the serum-levels of the antibody-titer against insulin (insulin-binding capacity) and the levels of cholesterol, urea and albumin. After prolonged immunization the mesangial cells increased 57%. We found a decrease of the epithelial cells, and an increase of the mesangial volume to 12.4%, sporadically of a nodular character. The “index of diabetic glomerular lesions” decreased. Antibodies against heterologous insulin were demonstrable in every phase of immunization. After initial changes the other serum levels (urea, albumin) returned to normal. The level of serum-cholesterol increased late in immunization. The immunization with heterologous insulin resulted in a proliferation of glomerular cells like in a proliferative intercapillary glomerulonephritis. These changes resembled morphologically the lesions of nodular diabetic glomerulosclerosis and was caused by a functional disorder and injury of the mesangium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Streptozotocin diabetes ; Islet transplantation ; Diabetic glomerular lesions ; Morphometry ; Mesangium ; Blood glucose ; Immunocomplexes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Glomerular changes develop in rats with streptozotocin diabetes. The structure of these lesions (nodular and diffuse glomerulosclerosis, mesangial cell proliferation, basement membrane thickening, glomerular aneurysms, fibrinoid caps, glomerular adhesions) is described in the present paper and the effect of normalization of metabolism by islet transplantation on the glomerular changes is studied with histological, immunohistological and morphometric methods. Isogenous islets were transplanted into the portal vein of streptozotocin-diabetic rats after diabetes of 7 months' duration. The kidneys of normal, diabetic and transplanted animals of the same age were studied 2.5 months later. Studies of the kinetics of immunocomplexes in the mesangium were also performed. The renal changes (glomerulosclerosis, mesangial cell proliferation) were largely reversible after islet transplantation and the blood glucose level and glucose tolerance were normalized. In the diabetic animals the delayed uptake and elimination of immunocomplexes in the mesangium was normalized after the transplantation. It is possible, that the cause of the lesions is a functional disturbance of the mesangium induced by insulin deficiency and/or hyperglycaemia.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 389 (1980), S. 211-223 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Glomerular structure ; Morphometry ; Monocomponent insulin ; Antibody formation ; Mesangium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Weak nonspecific immunological stimuli can irritate the glomerular mesangium as observed following administration of insulin preparations of varying degrees of purity. In the present study further substances were investigated with regard to this effect. We wished to examine which substances obtained during purification of insulin are mainly responsible for the antigenicity, and whether porcine and bovine MC insulin have the same antigenic properties. Rabbits were treated for up to 90 days with bovine MC insulin, bovine proinsulin, bovine a + b-component, porcine a-component and porcine b-component. The kidneys were analysed morphometrically and antibody titers to bovine insulin, a-component, porcine PP and proinsulin were determined in the various test groups. It was found that bovine MC insulin and porcine MC insulin possess the same immunological activity, i.e. no antibody formation to either of the two insulins was demonstrable. Similarly, there were no differences in the morphometric findings; slight transient mesangial changes were demonstrable after both insulins. However a-component and b-component showed a pronounced immunogenic potency with antibody formation. Marked and partly persisting mesangial alterations were demonstrable, with the antigenicity of the a-component being particularly marked. The implication of the study is that a “pure” or optimally purified insulin should be used in the therapy of diabetes mellitus.
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