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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Catalytic synthesis and photoluminescence of β-Ga2O3 nanowires (2001)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 78 (2001), S. 3202-3204 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Monoclinic gallium oxide (β-Ga2O3) nanowires were synthesized by heat treating a composite material of GaAs and pre-evaporated Au at 1240 °C in dry oxygen atmosphere. The catalytic Au metal generated liquid nanoclusters that serve as reactive sites confining and directing the growth of β-Ga2O3 nanowires during the vapor-liquid-solid growth process. The β-Ga2O3 nanowires have diameters ranging from 20 to 50 nm and lengths of several micrometers. Photoluminescence measurement under excitation at 250 nm shows that the bulk β-Ga2O3 nanowires have a stable blue emission at 475 nm and an ultraviolet emission at 330 nm, which may be related to the defects such as the oxygen vacancy and the gallium–oxygen vacancy pair. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1374498
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Blood styrene concentrations in a “normal” population and in exposed workers 16 hours after the end of the workshift (1993)
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 65 (1993), S. 125-130 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Styrene ; Biological monitoring ; Blood ; Alveolar air ; Normal population
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Blood styrene was measured by a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method in 81 “normal people” and in 76 workers exposed to styrene. In the normal subjects, styrene was also tested in alveolar and environmental air. Styrene was found in nearly all (95%) blood samples. Average styrene levels in the normal subjects were 221 ng/1 in blood (Cb), 3 ng/1 in alveolar air (Ca) and 6 ng/1 in environmental air (Ci). Styrene levels did not differ significantly between smokers and non-smokers, 95% of values being below 512 ng/1 in Cb, 7 ng/1 in Ca and 15 ng/l in Ci. In workers with an average exposure to styrene of 204 μg/l, at the end of the workshift, mean blood styrene concentration was 1211 μg/l. In blood samples collected at the end of the Thursday shift, styrene levels were significantly higher (1590 μg/1) than those found at the end of the Monday shift (1068 μg/l. A similar difference was found in samples taken the morning after exposure (60 and 119 μg/l, respectively). Significant correlations between blood and environmental styrene were found both at the end of the shift and the morning after exposure (r=0.61 and 0.41, respectively). In workers occupationally exposed to styrene, 16 h after the end of the workshift, blood styrene (94 μg/l) was significantly higher than that found in the normal subjects (0.22 μg/l). The half-life of blood styrene was 3.9 h.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00405731
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evolutionary features of chondriome divergence in Triticum (wheat) and Aegilops shown by RFLP analysis of mitochondrial DNAs (2000)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 100 (2000), S. 221-231 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Mitochondrial DNA ; RFLP analysis ; Triticum ; Aegilops ; Plasmon phylogeny
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  The first comprehensive analysis was made of restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of the mitochondrial (mt) DNA of two related genera, Triticum (wheat) and Aegilops. This led to clarification of the nature of mtDNA variability and the inference of the phylogeny of the mitochondrial genomes (=chondriome). Forty-six alloplasmic lines and one euplasmic line of common wheat (2n = 42, genomes AABBDD) carrying plasmons (cytoplasmic genomes) of 47 accessions belonging to 33 species were used. This consisted of nearly all the Triticum and Aegilops species. RFLP analysis, carried out with seven mitochondrial gene probes (7.0 kb in total) in combination with three restriction endonucleases, found marked variation: Of the 168 bands detected, 165 were variable (98.2%), indicative that there is extremely high mtDNA variability in these genera. This high variability is attributed to the variation present in the intergenic regions. Most of the variation was between chondriomes of different plasmon types; only 8 bands (4.8%) between those of the same plasmon types were variable, evidence of clear chondriome divergence between different plasmon types. The first comprehensive phylogenetic trees of the chondriome were constructed on the basis of genetic distances. All but 1 of the polyploids had chondriomes closely related to those of 1 putative parent, indicative of uniparental chondriome transmission at the time of polyploid formation. The chondriome showed parallel evolutionary divergence to the plastome (chloroplast genome). Use of a minimum set of 3 mtDNA probe-enzyme combinations is proposed for tentative plasmon type identification and the screening of new plasmon types in those genera.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050030
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Histochemical localization and concentration of copper released from a CuIUD in the endometria of rabbits (1988)
    Springer
    Advances in contraception 4 (1988), S. 287-293 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7195
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Resumé On a étudié par spectrophotométrie d'absorption atomique et histo-chimie la quantité et al localisation du cuivre libéré par un DIU au cuivre dans l'endomètre de lapines portant ce dispositif pendant 30 jours. Le cuivre libéré était principalement concentré dans le cytoplasme de l'épithélium cavitaire et glandulaire. Toutefois, si la continuité de l'épithélium n'était pas parfaite, par suite d'une atteinte par le dispositif, le cuivre pouvait être décelé dnas les cellules du stroma, qui semblaient être des leucocytes neutrophiles ou des lymphocytes. La concentration moyenne de cuivre dans le tissu utérin provenant de la corne portant le DIU au cuivre (82.24 μg/g poids sec) était significativement plus élevée que celle de l'élément controlatéral du dispositif (14.48 μg/g poids sec) et avait également tendance à être plus élevée que celle de la corne portant le dispositif en acier inoxydable (39.97 μg/g poids sec) et de sa corne controlatérale (18.03 μg/g poids sec).
    Abstract: Resumen Espectofotometría de absorción atómica e histoquímica fueron utilizadas para estudiar el contenido y la localización del cobre liberado por un DIU con cobre en el endometrio de conejas con el dispositivo durante 30 días. El cobre liberado se acumuló principalmente en el lumen y en el citoplasma del epitelio glandular. Sin embargo, si la integridad del epitelio estaba imperfecta debido a la presencia del dispositivo, el cobre podía ser detectado en células des estroma que parecían ser leucocitos neutrófilos o linfocitos. La concentración media de cobre en el tejido del cuerno uterino con el DIU con cobre (82.24 μg/g peso seco) fué significativamente mas alta que la del opuesto (14.48 μg/g peso seco) y también tendía a ser mas alta que la del cuerno con el dispositivo de acero inoxidable (32.97 μg/g peso seco) y su cuerno opuesto (18.03 μg/g peso seco).
    Notes: Abstract Atomic absorption spectrophotometry and histochemistry have been employed to study the content and localization of copper released from a CuIUD in the endometrium of rabbits bearing the copper device for 30 days. The released copper was mainly accumulated in the luminal and glandular epithelial cytoplasm. However, if the succession of the epithelia was imperfect due to the impairment by the device, copper could be detected in the stroma cells, which appeared to be neutrophilic leukocytes or lymphocytes. The mean concentration of copper in the uterine tissue of the CuIUD-bearing horn (82.24 μg/g dry weight) was significantly higher than that of the contralateral one (14.48 μg/g dry weight), and also tended to be higher than that of the horn bearing the stainless steel device (32.97 μg/g dry weight) and its contralateral horn (18.03 μg/g dry weight).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01849270
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  • 5
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    Tyrosine Phosphorylation of YY1 [Signal Transduction] (2015)
    The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (ASBMB)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-09-05
    Description: Yin Yang 1 (YY1) is a member of the GLI-Krüppel class of DNA and RNA binding transcription factors that can either activate or repress gene expression during cell growth, differentiation, and embryogenesis. Although much is known about YY1 interacting proteins and the target promoters regulated by YY1, much less is known about YY1 regulation through post-translational modifications. In this study we show that YY1 is tyrosine-phosphorylated in multiple cell types. Using a combination of pharmacological inhibition, kinase overexpression, and kinase knock-out studies, we demonstrate that YY1 is a target of multiple Src family kinases in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, we have identified multiple sites of YY1 phosphorylation and analyzed the effect of phosphorylation on the activity of YY1-responsive retroviral and cellular promoters. Phosphorylation of tyrosine 383 interferes with DNA and RNA binding, leading to the down-regulation of YY1 activity. Finally, we provide the first evidence that YY1 is a downstream target of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling in vivo. Taken together, the identification of YY1 as a target of Src family kinases provide key insights into the inhibitory role of tyrosine kinases in modulating YY1 activity.
    Print ISSN: 0021-9258
    Electronic ISSN: 1083-351X
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (ASBMB)
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  • 6
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    Transcriptional Silencing of Moloney Murine Leukemia Virus in Human Embryonic Carcinoma Cells [Virus-Cell Interactions] (2016)
    The American Society for Microbiology (ASM)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-12-17
    Description: Embryonic carcinoma (EC) cells are malignant counterparts of embryonic stem (ES) cells and serve as useful models for investigating cellular differentiation and human embryogenesis. Though the susceptibility of murine EC cells to retroviral infection has been extensively analyzed, few studies of retrovirus infection of human EC cells have been performed. We tested the susceptibility of human EC cells to transduction by retroviral vectors derived from three different retroviral genera. We show that human EC cells efficiently express reporter genes delivered by vectors based on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and Mason-Pfizer monkey virus (M-PMV) but not Moloney murine leukemia virus (MLV). In human EC cells, MLV integration occurs normally, but no viral gene expression is observed. The block to MLV expression of MLV genomes is relieved upon cellular differentiation. The lack of gene expression is correlated with transcriptional silencing of the MLV promoter through the deposition of repressive histone marks as well as DNA methylation. Moreover, depletion of SETDB1, a histone methyltransferase, resulted in a loss of transcriptional silencing and upregulation of MLV gene expression. Finally, we provide evidence showing that the lack of MLV gene expression may be attributed in part to the lack of MLV enhancer function in human EC cells. IMPORTANCE Human embryonic carcinoma (EC) cells are shown to restrict the expression of murine leukemia virus genomes but not retroviral genomes of the lentiviral or betaretroviral families. The block occurs at the level of transcription and is accompanied by the deposition of repressive histone marks and methylation of the integrated proviral DNA. The host machinery required for silencing in human EC cells is distinct from that in murine EC cell lines: the histone methyltransferase SETDB1 is required, but the widely utilized corepressor TRIM28/Kap1 is not. A transcriptional enhancer element from the Mason-Pfizer monkey virus can override the silencing and promote transcription of chimeric proviral DNAs. The findings reveal novel features of human EC gene regulation not present in their murine counterparts.
    Print ISSN: 0022-538X
    Electronic ISSN: 1098-5514
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by The American Society for Microbiology (ASM)
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  • 7
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    Identification of Hsp90 Inhibitors with Anti-Plasmodium Activity [Experimental Therapeutics] (2018)
    The American Society for Microbiology (ASM)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-03-28
    Description: Malaria remains a global health burden partly due to Plasmodium parasite resistance to first-line therapeutics. The molecular chaperone heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) has emerged as an essential protein for blood-stage Plasmodium parasites, but details about its function during malaria's elusive liver stage are unclear. We used target-based screens to identify compounds that bind to Plasmodium falciparum and human Hsp90, which revealed insights into chemotypes with species-selective binding. Using cell-based malaria assays, we demonstrate that all identified Hsp90-binding compounds are liver- and blood-stage Plasmodium inhibitors. Additionally, the Hsp90 inhibitor SNX-0723 in combination with the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor PIK-75 synergistically reduces the liver-stage parasite load. Time course inhibition studies with the Hsp90 inhibitors and expression analysis support a role for Plasmodium Hsp90 in late-liver-stage parasite development. Our results suggest that Plasmodium Hsp90 is essential to liver- and blood-stage parasite infections and highlight an attractive route for development of species-selective Pf Hsp90 inhibitors that may act synergistically in combination therapies to prevent and treat malaria.
    Print ISSN: 0066-4804
    Electronic ISSN: 1098-6596
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by The American Society for Microbiology (ASM)
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  • 8
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    Macrophage Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress Promotes Atherosclerosis and Nuclear Factor-{kappa}B-Mediated Inflammation in Macrophages [Molecular Medicine] (2014)
    American Heart Association (AHA)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-01-31
    Description: Rationale: Mitochondrial oxidative stress (mitoOS) has been shown to correlate with the progression of human atherosclerosis. However, definitive cell type–specific causation studies in vivo are lacking, and the molecular mechanisms of potential proatherogenic effects remain to be determined. Objective: Our aims were to assess the importance of macrophage mitoOS in atherogenesis and to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms. Methods and Results: We first validated Western diet–fed Ldlr –/– mice as a model of human mitoOS–atherosclerosis association by showing that non-nuclear oxidative DNA damage, a marker of mitoOS in lesional macrophages, correlates with aortic root lesion development. To investigate the importance of macrophage mitoOS, we used a genetic engineering strategy in which the OS suppressor catalase was ectopically expressed in mitochondria (mCAT) in macrophages. MitoOS in lesional macrophages was successfully suppressed in these mice, and this led to a significant reduction in aortic root lesional area. The mCAT lesions had less monocyte-derived cells, less Ly6c hi monocyte infiltration into lesions, and lower levels of monocyte chemotactic protein-1. The decrease in lesional monocyte chemotactic protein-1 was associated with the suppression of other markers of inflammation and with decreased phosphorylation of RelA (NF-B p65), indicating decreased activation of the proinflammatory NF-B pathway. Using models of mitoOS in cultured macrophages, we showed that mCAT suppressed monocyte chemotactic protein-1 expression by decreasing the activation of the IB-kinase β–RelA NF-B pathway. Conclusions: MitoOS in lesional macrophages amplifies atherosclerotic lesion development by promoting NF-B–mediated entry of monocytes and other inflammatory processes. In view of the mitoOS–atherosclerosis link in human atheromata, these findings reveal a potentially new therapeutic target to prevent the progression of atherosclerosis.
    Keywords: Pathophysiology, Cell signalling/signal transduction, Mechanism of atherosclerosis/growth factors
    Print ISSN: 0009-7330
    Electronic ISSN: 1524-4571
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by American Heart Association (AHA)
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  • 9
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    EBP1, a Novel Host Factor Involved in Primer Binding Site-Dependent Restriction of Moloney Murine Leukemia Virus in Embryonic Cells [Virus-Cell Interactions] (2014)
    The American Society for Microbiology (ASM)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-01-15
    Description: Mouse embryonic cells are unable to support the replication of Moloney murine leukemia virus (MLV). The integrated viral DNA is transcriptionally silenced, largely due to binding of host transcriptional repressors to the primer binding site (PBS) of the provirus. We have previously shown that a PBS DNA-binding repressor complex contains ZFP809 and TRIM28. Here, we identified ErbB3-binding protein 1 (EBP1) to be a novel component of the ZFP809-TRIM28 silencing complex and show that EBP1 depletion reduces PBS-mediated retroviral silencing.
    Print ISSN: 0022-538X
    Electronic ISSN: 1098-5514
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by The American Society for Microbiology (ASM)
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  • 10
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    Inhibitory Effect of Baicalin on Collagen-Induced Arthritis in Rats through the Nuclear Factor-{kappa}B Pathway [Inflammation, Immunopharmacology, and Asthma] (2014)
    The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-07-03
    Description: This study focused on the potential therapeutic effect of baicalin on collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in rats and the underlying mechanisms. The CIA rats were injected with baicalin (50, 100, or 200 mg/kg) once daily for 30 days. The rats were monitored for clinical severity of arthritis, and joint tissues were used for radiographic assessment and histologic examination. We quantified tumor necrosis factor– α (TNF- α ) and interleukin-1 β (IL-1 β ) in experimental animals and used Western blots to assess levels of protein abundance, phosphorylation, and acetylation of nuclear factor (NF)- B p65 and sirtuin 1 (sirt1) protein expression in joint tissues. Human fibroblast-like synoviocytes from rheumatoid arthritis (HFLS-RA) were adopted in further mechanistic investigations. Baicalin intraperitoneal injection for 30 days dose-dependently blocked clinical manifestations of CIA, such as functional impairment and swollen red paws. Meanwhile, it alleviated collagen-induced joint inflammation injury and inhibited the secretion of TNF- α and IL-1 β in both rat synovium and HFLS-RA. Further mechanistic investigations revealed that baicalin suppresses NF- B p65 protein expression and phosphorylation in synovial tissue and human-derived synoviocytes. Moreover, the acetylation of NF- B p65 was downregulated by baicalin, which negatively correlates with the baicalin-induced upregulation of sirt1 expression in the same conditions. The data indicate that CIA in rats can be alleviated by baicalin treatment via relieving joint inflammation, which is related to the suppression of synovial NF- B p65 protein expression and the elevation of its deacetylation by sirt1.
    Print ISSN: 0022-3565
    Electronic ISSN: 1521-0103
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
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