Note: Cover -- Titel -- Impressum -- Inhalt -- Vorwort: Die Einzigartigkeit der Vögel -- I. DIE ÜBERWÄLTIGENDE MANNIGFALTIGKEIT -- 1. Auf der Suche nach der gefiederten Vielfalt -- Ein früher Pionier -- Grelles Getöse und metallisches Klicken -- 2. Ordnung schaffen im Chaos der Vielfalt -- Was macht einen Vogel zum Vogel? -- Der krumme Weg zur Artbestimmung -- 3. Alles im Angebot: Der Katalog der Vögel -- Woran erkennen sich Stare und Goldhähnchen? -- Mayrs Entwurf und die wundersame Artenvermehrung -- 4. Von der Art zur Persönlichkeit -- Jonathan Franzen sucht den Insel-Rayadito -- Amsel ist nicht gleich Amsel -- Lauter Individualisten? -- Zwischen Konstanz und Verwandlung -- Der Zoodirektor, der das Individuum entdeckte -- II. ZWISCHEN PARTNERSCHAFT UND FEINDSCHAFT -- 5. Krähen, Raben und Stare: Geselligkeit und der Reiz des Andersartigen -- Gesprächigkeit einer Krähe -- Schlafen unter freiem Himmel -- Wenn Vögel sich etwas mitzuteilen haben -- Elstern und Wildschweine, Hirtenstar und Hase -- 6. Lebensgemeinschaften zwischen Konflikt, Verständigung und Notwendigkeit -- Ungleiche Partner: Verlierer, Profiteure oder stoische Genossen? -- Mobbing im Wald -- 7. Das Schnarren der Dohlen -- Todesgefahren -- Die Vorsicht des Vogels: Erfahrungen in der Voliere -- Wenn Blicke töten könnten -- Nesträuber und andere Prädatoren -- 8. Kuckuckswege -- Auch ein Kuckuck lässt sich verwirren -- Zwischen Erfolg und Scheitern liegt ein schmaler Pfad -- Wege zum Brutparasitismus -- III. FORTPFLANZUNG - ZWISCHEN TREUE UND UNTREUE -- 9. Alles Leben läuft auf Fortpflanzung hinaus -- Das wilde Potpourri der Brutgewohnheiten -- Das Ringen um die Nachkommenschaft -- Lehrstunde bei Friedrich Wilhelm Merkel, Hausmeister der Stare -- 10. Von heimischen Staren zu fernen Paradiesvögeln und nahen Kampfläufern -- Was macht Stare attraktiv?. , Allem Anfang wohnt ein Zauber inne: Wallace und die Paradiesvögel -- Die Arena-Strategie -- Trickreiche Schönheit und die Risiken -- Die Ästhetik des Individuums -- 11. Hochamt der Monogamie: Nashornvögel -- Huai Kha Khaeng -- Jahrvögel und Feigenbäume -- Über dem Golf von Thailand -- Evolutionäre Ironie -- Früchte sind nicht alles -- 12. Patchwork- und Großfamilien -- Viele Wege führen zum Familienglück, aber warum? -- Die Familienpolitik der Dreifarben-Glanzstare -- Das Massenbrüten der Blutschnabelweber -- IV. DIE SINNE DER VÖGEL UND DER ZUSAMMENPRALL MIT DEM MENSCHEN -- 13. Das Arsenal der Sinne -- Was Menschen und Vögel verbindet -- Was Vögel wahrnehmen können -- Das Vogelauge: Spielfeld der Evolution -- Das Rechts-Links-Problem im Tierreich -- 14. Nicht alle sind Genies und manche haben einen Vogel -- Eine verkrachte Rotkardinal-Existenz -- Von den Temperamenten der Vögel -- Zum urbanen Leben verdammt -- Aliens und Parias -- 15. Die Vogelwelt im Anthropozän -- Apokalypse der Geschnäbelten? -- Was können wir für die Vögel tun? -- Dank -- Anmerkungen -- Literatur -- Verzeichnis der Tierarten -- Zum Buch.

Note: Cover -- Impressum -- Titel -- INHALT -- LEKTINE - BRANDHEISS DISKUTIERT … -- PFLANZEN MÖGEN UNS NICHT -- SO SCHÜTZEN SICH PFLANZEN VOR IHREN FEINDEN -- Farben, Härchen, Bitterstoffe und andere Abwehrmechanismen -- Auch Pflanzen kommunizieren -- DIE BEDEUTUNG VON SEKUNDÄREN PFLANZENSTOFFEN -- Schlecht für die Tiere, gut für uns? -- Überblick über Antinährstoffe -- LEKTINE UND IHRE WIRKUNG -- Wie Lektine auf Organismen wirken -- Übelkeit, Fieber und andere Vergiftungserscheinungen -- Welche Krankheiten Lektine verursachen -- Die Darmbarriere und das Leaky-Gut-Syndrom -- Autoimmunerkrankungen und ihre Verbindung zu Lektin -- LEKTINFREI LEBEN - JA ODER NEIN? -- Positive Erfahrungsberichte lassen hoffen -- LEKTINE IN UNSEREN LEBENSMITTELN -- LEKTINFREIE UND LEKTINHALTIGELEBENSMITTEL -- Gemüse und Hülsenfrüchte -- Soja und Sojaprodukte -- Selbst gemachte Pastinakenchips -- Salate -- Algen -- Obst -- Getreide und Getreideprodukte -- Nüsse und Samen -- Fleisch, Fisch und Meeresfrüchte -- Milch und Milchprodukte -- Selbst gemachter Kokosjoghurt -- Kräuter und Gewürze -- Fette und Öle -- Extras, Süßigkeiten, Zucker und Süßstoffe -- SO WERDEN LEKTINE UNSCHÄDLICH -- Möglichkeit 1: Einweichen -- Möglichkeit 2: Kochen im Dampfdruckkochtopf -- Möglichkeit 3: Ausreichend langes Kochen -- Möglichkeit 4: Keimen lassen -- Möglichkeit 5: Schälen -- Möglichkeit 6: Fermentieren -- So fermentieren Sie Gemüse selbst -- DER 4-WOCHENPLAN -- DIE VORBEREITUNG AUF DEN LEKTINFREIEN ERNÄHRUNGSPLAN -- DAS ERNÄHRUNGSPROTOKOLL -- Nahrungsmittel und Getränke -- Tipps zu den Mengenangaben -- Symptome, Beschwerden und Gefühle -- Ihr persönliches Ernährungsprotokoll -- DER 4-WOCHEN-PLAN UND SEINE UMSETZUNG -- Woche 1 -- Woche 2 -- Woche 3 -- Woche 4 -- DIE REZEPTE -- Frühstück -- Mittagessen -- Abendessen -- ANHANG -- ÜBER DIE AUTOREN -- SACHREGISTER -- REZEPTREGISTER.

Note: Front Cover -- Inside Front Cover -- Half title page -- Legends -- Plotkin's Vaccines -- Copyright Page -- Table Of Contents -- Foreword -- Preface to the First Edition -- Preface to the Seventh Edition -- Contributors -- Acknowledgments -- Dedication -- 1 General Aspects of Vaccination -- 1 A Short History of Vaccination -- Early Developments -- Louis Pasteur and the Age of Vaccination -- First Half of the 20th Century -- Second Half of the 20th Century to the Present -- Recombinant Protein Vaccines -- References -- 2 Vaccine Immunology -- How Do Vaccines Mediate Protection? -- What Are the Main Effectors of Vaccine Responses? -- From Innate to Adaptive Immunity Activation: The First Steps After Immunization -- Vaccine Antibody Responses -- How Are Primary Antibody Responses Elicited? -- T-Dependent Responses to Protein Antigens -- The Extrafollicular Reaction. -- The Germinal Center Reaction. -- T-Independent Responses to Polysaccharide Antigens -- What Are the Determinants of Primary Vaccine Antibody Responses? -- What Controls the Persistence of Vaccine Antibody Responses? -- What Are the Hallmarks of B-Cell Memory Responses? -- What Are the Determinants of B-Cell Memory Responses? -- Immune Memory and Vaccine-Induced Protection: A Race Between Reactivation and Microbial Invasion? -- T-Cell Vaccine Responses -- How Do Vaccines Induce CD4+ and CD8+ T-Cell Responses? -- What Are the Determinants of Vaccine-Induced T-Cell Memory? -- How Specific Are Vaccine Immune Responses? -- Vaccine Responses at the Extremes of Age -- The Challenges of Neonatal and Early Life Immunization. -- Age-Associated Changes in Vaccine Responses. -- References -- 3 Correlates of Protection -- Principles of Protection -- Principle 1: Protection Must Be Defined in Relation to Specific Phenomena. , Principle 2: The Mechanism of Protection by Vaccination Is Not Necessarily the Same Mechanism as Recovery From Infection -- Principle 3: A Large Challenge Dose Can Overcome Immunity -- Principle 4: Most Current Vaccines Protect Through Antibodies -- Principle 5: Correlates May Be Relative -- Principle 6: Antibodies Must Be Functional -- Principle 7: T-Cell Responses May Be Correlates -- Principle 8: More Than One Factor May Protect as Cocorrelates -- Principle 9: Memory May Be a Mechanistic Correlate of Protection -- Principle 10: There Are Convenient Nonmechanistic Correlates -- Statistical Issues in Developing Immune Correlates of Protection -- Complexity of Correlates -- Conclusions -- References -- 4 The Vaccine Industry -- Vaccine Development -- Role of Partners -- Funding Sources for Vaccine Research and Development -- India -- China -- Brazil -- Summary -- Pricing of Vaccines -- Vaccine Market -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 5 Vaccine Manufacturing -- Manufacturing Basics -- Examples of Vaccine Production -- Inactivated Virus (Influenza) -- Recombinant Protein (Hepatitis B) -- Conjugate Vaccine (Haemophilus influenzae Type B) -- Live Attenuated Vaccine (Measles) -- Virus-Like Particle-Based Vaccines -- Product Development -- Industry's Response to New Challenges -- Manufacturing Flexibility in Scale-Up: New Trends in Single Use -- Promise and Challenges of Distributed Manufacturing -- Future Challenges in Polio Vaccine Manufacturing -- Prime-Boost Vaccines -- References -- 6 Evolution of Adjuvants Across the Centuries -- Chance and Necessity: the Discovery of Adjuvants -- A Turning Point: Better Understanding of Immunology and Its Impact on the Development of Adjuvants -- Defining Adjuvants: Classification and Evaluation -- A Categorization of Adjuvants Based on Mechanism of Action -- Aluminum Salt Adjuvants -- Structure and Properties. , Effect of Freezing. -- Adsorption Mechanisms. -- Mechanisms of Action of Aluminum Salt Adjuvants. -- Safety of Aluminum-Containing Vaccines. -- Water-in-Oil Emulsions -- Oil-in-Water Emulsions -- Adjuvant Effect of Oil-in-Water Emulsions on Naïve Versus Primed Persons. -- Enhancing the Breadth of the Immune Response. -- Mode of Action. -- Safety of Squalene-Containing Oil-in-Water Emulsions. -- Other Oil Alternatives for Squalene. -- Toll-Like Receptor Agonists -- TLR4 Agonists -- Mechanism of Action of TLR4 Agonists. -- Species Specificity of TLR4 Receptor. -- Other TLR4 Agonists. -- Formulation Challenges. -- Safety of TLR4 Agonists. -- TLR9 Agonists -- Other TLR9 Agonists. -- Other Toll-Like Receptor Ligands -- Other Adjuvants -- Saponins. -- Virosomes. -- Polyelectrolytes and Polycations. -- Mucosal Adjuvants. -- Future Directions -- Acknowledgment -- References -- 7 Vaccine Additives and Manufacturing Residuals in Vaccines Licensed in the United States -- Vaccine Additives -- Preservatives -- Adjuvants -- Stabilizers -- Manufacturing Residuals -- Inactivation Residuals -- Residual Cell Culture Materials -- Antibiotics -- Sensitizing Substances -- Bacterial and Cellular Residuals -- Adventitious Agents -- Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Agents -- Summary -- References -- 8 Passive Immunization -- Maternal Antibodies: The Original Passive Immunotherapy -- Critical Parameters for Passive Immunotherapy -- Passive Immunity Against Respiratory and Enteric Pathogens -- Passive Immunization: A Paradigm Shift in Progress? -- Future of Passive Immunization -- References -- 9 General Immunization Practices -- Vaccine Storage and Handling -- Vaccine Administration -- Infection Control and Sterile Injection Technique -- Route of Administration -- Subcutaneous Injections -- Intramuscular Injections. , Vaccinating Persons With Bleeding Disorders and Persons Receiving Anticoagulant Therapy -- Intradermal Injections -- Oral Administration -- Intranasal Route -- Needle-Shielding/Needle-Free Devices -- Jet Injectors -- Alleviation of Pain and Discomfort Associated With Vaccination -- Ages for Administration of Immunobiologics -- Spacing of Vaccine Doses -- Spacing of Multiple Doses of the Same Vaccine -- Spacing of Different Vaccines -- Simultaneous Administration of Different Vaccines -- Interference by Immunoglobulins -- Interference With Live Virus Vaccines -- Interference With Inactivated and Component Vaccines -- Recommendations for Spacing Administration of Vaccines and Immunoglobulins -- Interchangeability of Vaccines From Different Manufacturers -- Hypersensitivity to Vaccine Components -- Types of Reactions -- Vaccine Components Causing Hypersensitivity -- Proteins -- Latex -- Antimicrobial Agents -- Thimerosal -- Management of Acute Vaccine Adverse Reactions -- Special Considerations -- Vaccination of Preterm Infants -- Breastfeeding and Immunization -- Vaccination During Pregnancy -- Vaccination of Household Contacts -- Vaccines Received Outside the United States -- Vaccination of Persons With A Personal or Family History of Seizures -- Vaccination During Acute Illness -- Contraindications to and Precautions Regarding Vaccination -- References -- 2 Licensed Vaccines and Vaccines in Development -- 10 Adenovirus Vaccines -- History of Disease -- Why the Disease Is Important -- Background -- Clinical Description -- Endemic Respiratory Adenovirus in Children -- Epidemic Respiratory Adenovirus in Children -- Acute Respiratory Disease of Military Recruits -- Pharyngoconjunctival Fever -- Epidemic Keratoconjunctivitis -- Hemorrhagic Cystitis -- Gastroenteritis -- Rare Acute Manifestations -- Complications. , Adenovirus Infections in Immunocompromised Patients -- Chronic Diseases Caused by Adenoviruses -- Virology -- Pathogenesis as It Relates to Prevention -- Laboratory Diagnosis -- Specimen Collection. -- Cell Culture. -- Direct Visualization of Virus Particles -- Antigen Assays. -- Molecular Assays. -- Adenovirus Typing Assays. -- Serological Assays. -- Treatment and Prevention With Antimicrobials -- Epidemiology -- Incidence and Prevalence Data -- High-Risk Groups -- Modes of Transmission and Reservoirs of Infection -- Significance as a Health Burden -- Passive Immunization -- Active Immunization -- Constituents Including Antibiotics, Preservative, Adjuvants, Etc. -- Preparations Available, Including Combinations -- Dosage and Route: Intramuscular, Subcutaneous, and Oral -- Vaccine Stability -- Immunogenicity of Vaccine -- Humoral Responses -- Cellular Responses -- Correlates of Protection -- Special Groups (e.g., Immunosuppressed) -- Efficacy and Effectiveness of Vaccine -- Duration of Immunity and Protection, Including Description of Reinfection, If Any -- Safety -- Common Adverse Events -- Rare Adverse Events -- Immunocompromised Recipients -- Pregnancy -- Spread to Contacts -- Indications for Vaccine-Who and Why -- Contraindications and Precautions -- Public Health Considerations -- Epidemiologic Effects of Vaccination, Including Herd and Contact Immunity -- Disease Control Strategies -- Cost-to-Benefit Information -- Future Vaccines -- Subunit Vaccine -- Recombinant Vaccines -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 11 Anthrax Vaccines* -- Background -- Clinical Description -- Cutaneous Anthrax -- Inhalational Anthrax -- Gastrointestinal Anthrax -- Bacteriology -- Pathogenesis -- Diagnosis -- Treatment and Prevention With Antibiotics -- Epidemiology -- Passive Immunization -- Active Immunization -- History of Vaccine Development. , Description of Vaccines.

Note: Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Preface to the Dover Edition - Recent Developments -- Preface to the First Edition -- Table of Contents -- PART I - ELECTRON STATES -- CHAPTER 1 - The Quantum-Mechanical Basis -- 1-A Quantum Mechanics -- 1-B Electronic Structure of Atoms -- 1-C Electronic Structure of Small Molecules -- 1-D The Simple Polar Bond -- 1-E Diatomic Molecules -- CHAPTER 2 - Electronic Structure of Solids -- 2-A Energy Bands -- 2-B Electron Dynamics -- 2-C Characteristic Solid Types -- 2-D Solid State Matrix Elements -- 2-E Calculation of Spectra -- PART II - COVALENT SOLIDS -- CHAPTER 3 - Electronic Structure of Simple Tetrahedral Solids -- 3-A Crystal Structures -- 3-B Bond Orbitals -- 3-C The LCAO Bands -- 3-D The Bond Orbital Approximation and Extended Bond Orbitals -- 3-E Metallicity -- 3-F Planar and Filamentary Structures -- CHAPTER 4 - Optical Spectra -- 4-A Dielectric Susceptibility -- 4-B Optical Properties and Oscillator Strengths -- 4-C Features of the Absorption Spectrum -- 4-D χ1 and the Dielectric Constant -- CHAPTER 5 - Other Dielectric Properties -- 5-A Bond Dipoles and Higher-Order Susceptibilities -- 5-B Effective Atomic Charge -- 5-C Dielectric Screening -- 5-D Ternary Compounds -- 5-E Magnetic Susceptibility -- CHAPTER 6 - The Energy Bands -- 6-A Accurate Band Structures -- 6-B LCAO Interpretation of the Bands -- 6-C The Conduction Bands -- 6-D Effective Masses -- 6-E Impurity States and Excitons -- CHAPTER 7 - The Total Energy -- 7-A The Overlap Interaction -- 7-B Bond Length, Cohesive Energy, and the Bulk Modulus -- 7-C Cohesion in Polar Covalent Solids -- CHAPTER 8 - Elasticity -- 8-A Total Energy Calculations -- 8-B Rigid Hybrids -- 8-C Rehybridization -- 8-D The Valence Force Field -- 8-E Internal Displacements, and Prediction of c44 -- CHAPTER 9 - Lattice Vibrations. , 9-A The Vibration Spectrum -- 9-B Long-Range Forces -- 9-C Phonons and the Specific Heat -- 9-D The Transverse Charge -- 9-E Piezoelectricity -- 9-F The Electron-Phonon Interaction -- CHAPTER 10 - Surfaces and Defects -- 10-A Surface Energy and Crystal Shapes -- 10-B Surface Reconstruction -- 10-C Elimination of Surface States, and Fermi Level Pinning -- 10-D Adsorption of Atoms and the 7 × 7 Reconstruction Pattern -- 10-E Defects and Amorphous Semiconductors -- 10-F Photothresholds and Heterojunctions -- CHAPTER 11 - Mixed Tetrahedral Solids -- 11-A Tetrahedral Complexes -- 11-B The Crystal Structure and the Simple Molecular Lattice -- 11-C The Bonding Unit -- 11-D Bands and Electronic Spectra -- 11-E Mechanical Properties -- 11-F Vibrational Spectra -- 11-G Coupling of Vibrations to the Infrared -- PART III - CLOSED-SHELL SYSTEMS -- CHAPTER 12 - Inert-Gas Solids -- 12-A Interatomic Interactions -- 12-B Electronic Properties -- CHAPTER 13 - Ionic Compounds -- 13-A The Crystal Structure -- 13-B Electrostatic Energy and the Madelung Potential -- 13-C Ion - ion Interactions -- 13-D Cohesion and Mechanical Properties -- 13-E Structure Determination and Ionic Radii -- CHAPTER 14 - Dielectric Properties of Ionic Crystals -- 14-A Electronic Structure and Spectra -- 14-B Dielectric Susceptibility -- 14-C Effective Charges and Ion Softening -- 14-D Surfaces and Molten Ionic Compounds -- PART IV - OPEN-SHELL SYSTEMS -- CHAPTER 15 - Simple Metals -- 15-A History of the Theory -- 15-B The Free-Electron Theory of Metals -- 15-C Electrostatic Energy -- 15-D The Empty-Core Pseudopotential -- 15-E Free-Electron Energy -- 15-F Density, Bulk Modulus, and Cohesion -- CHAPTER 16 - Electronic Structure of Metals -- 16-A Pseudopotential Perturbation Theory -- 16-B Pseudopotentials in the Perfect Lattice -- 16-C Electron Diffraction by Pseudopotentials. , 16-D Nearly-Free-Electron Bands and Fermi Surfaces -- 16-E Scattering by Defects -- 16-F Screening -- CHAPTER 17 - Mechanical Properties of Metals -- 17-A The Band-Structure Energy -- 17-B The Effective Interaction Between Ions,and Higher-Order Terms -- 17-C The Phonon Spectrum -- 17-D The Electron-Phonon Interaction and the Electron-Phonon Coupling Constant -- 17-E Surfaces and Liquids -- CHAPTER 18 - Pseudopotential Theory of Covalent Bonding -- 18-A The Prediction of Interatomic Matrix Elements -- 18-B The Jones Zone Gap -- 18-C Covalent and Polar Contributions -- 18-D Susceptibility -- 18-E Bonding Properties -- 18-F Ionic Bonding -- 18-G Interfaces and Heterojunctions -- CHAPTER 19 - Transition-Metal Compounds -- 19-A d States in Solids -- 19-B Monoxides: Multiplet d States -- 19-C Perovskite Structures -- d Bands -- 19-D Other Compounds -- 19-E The Perovskite Ghost -- 19-F The Chemical Grip -- 19-G The Electrostatic Stability of Perovskites -- 19-H The Electron-Phonon Interaction -- CHAPTER 20 - Transition Metals -- 20-A The Bands -- 20-B The Electronic Properties and Density of States -- 20-C Cohesion, Bond Length, and Compressibility -- 20-D Muffin-Tin Orbitals and the Atomic Sphere Approximation -- 20-E d Resonances and Transition-Metal Pseudopotentials -- 20-F Local Moments and Magnetism -- APPENDIX A - The One-Electron Approximation -- APPENDIX B - Nonorthogonality of Basis States -- APPENDIX C - The Overlap Interaction -- APPENDIX D - Quantum-Mechanical Formulation of Pseudopotentials -- APPENDIX E - Orbital Corrections -- Solid State Table of the Elements -- Bibliography and Author Index -- Subject Index.

Note: CTMI_Compans_FM_O.pdf -- CTMI_Compans_Ch01_O.pdf -- Pandemic Influenza as a Current Threat -- 1 Influenza Virus as a Noneradicable Zoonosis -- 1.1 Natural Reservoirs for Influenza A Virus -- 1.2 Ecology of Influenza A Virus in Asia -- 2 Human Influenza Epidemics and Pandemics -- 2.1 Epidemiology of Human Influenza -- 2.2 Molecular Requirements for a Pandemic Strain: Emergence of 1918, 1957, and 1968 Pandemic Strains -- 3 H5N1 Virus as a Pandemic Threat -- 3.1 Emergence and Spread of H5N1 Virus -- 3.2 Unique Features of H5N1 Viruses: Changing Patterns -- 3.3 Human Infection with H5N1 -- 4 Other Subtypes with Pandemic Potential -- 4.1 H9N2 Viruses -- 4.2 H7 Viruses -- 4.3 H6 Viruses -- 4.4 H2 Viruses -- 5 The Use of Antivirals for Pandemic Influenza -- 6 Concluding Remarks -- References -- CTMI_Compans_Ch02_O.pdf -- Antigenic Cross-Reactivity Among H5N1 Viruses -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Polyclonal Antibodies to H5N1 Viruses -- 3 Monoclonal Antibodies to H5N1 Viruses -- 4 Evidence for Cross-Reactivity from Human Clinical Trials -- 5 Evidence for H5N1 Cross-Reactivity from Preclinical Studies -- 5.1 Ferrets -- 5.2 Mice -- 6 Antigenic Cross-Reactivity Mediated by Mechanisms Other than Virus-Neutralizing Antibodies -- 6.1 Neuraminidase-Specific Antibodies -- 6.2 M2e-Specific Antibodies -- 6.3 T Cell-Mediated Immunity -- 7 Concluding Remarks -- References -- CTMI_Compans_Ch03_O.pdf -- Seasonal Influenza Vaccines -- 1 Introduction and Background -- 2 Inactivated Influenza Vaccine -- 2.1 History of Vaccine Development and Current Vaccine -- 2.2 Vaccine Constituents, Including Antibiotics and Preservatives -- 2.3 Dosage, Administration, and Storage -- 2.4 Immune Response to Inactivated Influenza Vaccination -- 2.5 Efficacy and Effectiveness of Inactivated Influenza Vaccine -- 2.6 Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Among Adults >. , _65 Yearsof Age and Those with Chronic Conditions -- 2.7 Efficacy and Effectiveness in Adults < -- 65 Years of Age -- 2.8 Efficacy and Effectiveness in Children -- 3 Safety -- 3.1 Common Adverse Events -- 4 Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccines -- 4.1 History of Vaccine Development and Current Vaccines -- 4.2 Vaccine Constituents, Including Antibiotics and Preservatives -- 4.3 Dosage, Administration, and Storage -- 4.4 Shedding, Transmission, and Stability of Vaccine Viruses -- 4.5 Immune Response to LAIV -- 4.6 Efficacy and Effectiveness of LAIV -- 4.6.1 Healthy Children -- 4.6.2 Healthy Adults -- 4.7 Adverse Events After Receipt of LAIV -- 4.7.1 Children -- 4.7.2 Adults -- 4.8 LAIV Use in Persons at Higher Risk from Influenza-Related Complications -- 4.9 Serious Adverse Events -- 4.10 Vaccination of Close Contacts of Immunocompromised Persons -- 4.11 Persons Who Should Not Be Vaccinated with LAIV -- 5 Comparisons of LAIV and Inactivated Influenza Vaccine Efficacy or Effectiveness -- 6 Effectiveness of Vaccination for Decreasing Transmission to Contacts -- 7 Expanding Use of Influenza Vaccines -- References -- CTMI_Compans_Ch04_O.pdf -- Generation and Characterization of Candidate Vaccine Viruses for Prepandemic Influenza Vaccines -- 1 The Pandemic Threat Posed by Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza -- 2 Role of Vaccines in Pandemic Preparedness -- 3 Risk Assessment to Inform Pandemic Vaccine Preparedness -- 4 Impact of Virus Evolution on Pandemic Preparedness -- 5 Selection and Preparation of Reference Viruses for Prepandemic Vaccine Manufacturing -- 5.1 Surveillance to Detect and Isolate Novel Influenza Viruses that May Infect Humans -- 5.2 Genetic and Antigenic Analyses -- 5.3 WHO Consultation on Vaccine Strain Selection -- 5.4 Derivation of Reassortant Seed Viruses and Deletion of Virulence Determinants. , 5.5 Characterization of the Reassortant Candidate Virus -- 5.5.1 Molecular Analysis -- 5.5.2 In Vitro Studies to Determine the Trypsin Dependency of Multicycle Replication -- 5.5.3 Embryo Lethality Test -- 5.5.4 In Vivo Pathogenicity Studies in Chickens and Ferrets -- 5.5.5 Antigenic Characterization -- 5.5.6 Progeny Virus Yield in Chicken Embryos -- 5.5.7 Residual Plasmid DNA -- 5.6 Regulatory Compliance -- 5.7 Communication on Availability of Reference Viruses for Vaccines -- 6 Laboratory Procedures for the Derivation of rg Candidate Vaccine Viruses -- 7 Biosafety Considerations -- 8 Virulence Properties of rg Candidate Vaccine Viruses -- 9 Time Considerations for Pandemic Intervention Responses -- 10 Summary -- References -- CTMI_Compans_Ch05_O.pdf -- Live Attenuated Vaccines for Pandemic Influenza -- 1 Live Attenuated Vaccines for Seasonal Influenza -- 1.1 Generation of Seasonal LAIV -- 1.1.1 US Vaccines -- 1.1.2 Russian Vaccines -- 1.2 Genetic Characterization and Stability of Phenotypic Traits -- 1.3 Clinical Trials of Safety, Immunogenicity, and Efficacy -- 1.3.1 Safety and Transmissibility -- 1.3.2 Immunogenicity and Efficacy -- 2 Live Attenuated Pandemic Influenza Vaccine Candidates -- 2.1 Immunity Against Influenza -- 2.2 Generation of Pandemic LAIV Candidates -- 2.3 Preclinical Studies of Pandemic LAIV Candidates -- 2.3.1 H5 Vaccine Candidates -- H5N1Reassortant Vaccines -- H5N2 Reassortant Vaccines -- Vaccines Using M2 Cytoplasmic Tail Mutants -- 2.3.2 H7 Vaccines -- Vaccines Using Elastase-Dependent HA Cleavage Site Mutants -- 2.3.3 H9 Vaccines -- H9N2 Reassortant Vaccine Candidates -- 2.3.4 Truncated NS1 Modified Live Virus Vaccines -- 2.4 Clinical Studies of LAIV Vaccines -- 3 Considerations Surrounding the Use of LAIV Pandemic Vaccines -- References -- CTMI_Compans_Ch06_O.pdf -- Influenza Vaccines for Avian Species -- 1 Introduction. , 1.1 History of Avian Influenza Vaccines -- 2 Avian Influenza Vaccines -- 2.1 Protective Antigenic Component of Avian Influenza Vaccines -- 2.2 Inactivated Virus Vaccines -- 2.3 Live Virus Vaccines -- 2.4 AI Subunit Vaccines -- 2.5 Recombinant Virus-Vectored Vaccines -- 2.6 DNA Vaccines -- 2.7 Efficacy of Avian Influenza Vaccines in Birds -- 2.8 Scenarios for Avian Influenza Vaccine Application -- 3 Conclusions -- References -- CTMI_Compans_Ch07_O.pdf -- Development and Application of Avian Influenza Vaccines in China -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Inactivated Vaccines -- 2.1 Inactivated H5N2 Vaccine -- 2.2 Inactivated H5N1 Vaccine -- 2.3 Inactivated H5N1 Marker Vaccine -- 3 Live Virus-Vectored Vaccine -- 3.1 Recombinant Fowlpox Vaccine -- 3.2 Recombinant Newcastle Disease Virus Vaccine -- 4 DNA Vaccine -- 5 Conclusion -- Reference -- CTMI_Compans_Ch08_O.pdf -- Designing Vaccines for Pandemic Influenza -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Developing H5N1 Vaccines for Humans -- 2.1 The Conventional Approach -- 2.2 The Practical Approach -- 2.3 A Promising Approach -- 2.3.1 A High-Growth Seed for an Egg-Based Vaccine -- 2.3.2 Cell Culture-Based Vaccines -- 2.3.3 Live Attenuated Vaccines -- 2.3.4 Mucosal Inactivated Vaccines -- 2.4 An Improved Method for Reverse Genetics -- 3 Concluding Remarks -- References -- CTMI_Compans_Ch09_O.pdf -- Attenuated Influenza Virus Vaccines with Modified NS1 Proteins -- 1 Introduction -- 2 NS1 Functions -- 2.1 Biology of DelNS1 Influenza Viruses -- 3 Interactions of NS1 Mutant Viruses with Dendritic Cells -- 4 Studies of NS1-Modified Viruses in Mice -- 5 Studies of NS1-Modified Viruses in Pigs -- 6 Studies of NS1-Modified Viruses in Horses -- 7 Studies of NS1-Modified Viruses in Birds -- 8 Studies of NS1-Modified Viruses in Macaques. , 9 Conclusions and Future Perspectives of NS1-Modified Viruses as Epidemic and Pandemic Influenza Virus Vaccines -- References -- CTMI_Compans_Ch10_O.pdf -- DNA Vaccines Against Influenza Viruses -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Advantages of DNA Vaccines -- 3 Disadvantages of DNA Vaccines -- 4 Improving DNA Vaccines -- 5 DNA Vaccines Against H1N1 Influenza -- 6 DNA Vaccines Against H5N1 Influenza -- References -- CTMI_Compans_Ch11_O.pdf -- Recombinant Proteins Produced in Insect Cells -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Preclinical Studies -- 3 Clinical Studies: Seasonal Influenza -- 4 Clinical Studies: Pandemic Formulations -- 5 Summary and Conclusions -- References -- CTMI_Compans_Ch12_O.pdf -- Influenza Neuraminidase as a Vaccine Antigen -- 1 Influenza Neuraminidase: Structure, Function, and Subytpes -- 2 Immune Response to NA and Vaccine Efficacy -- 3 Neuraminidase Inhibitor Resistance and Relevance to NA Vaccine Antigen -- References -- CTMI_Compans_Ch13_O.pdf -- Recombinant Vectors as Influenza Vaccines -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Qualities of Ideal Vectors -- 3 Newcastle Disease Virus Vectors -- 4 Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Vectors -- 5 Influenza Virus Vectors -- 6 Adenovirus Vectors -- 7 Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus Vectors -- 8 Poxvirus Vectors -- 9 Live Attenuated Measles Viruses as Recombinant Vectors -- 10 Other Recombinant Vectors -- 11 Conclusions -- References -- CTMI_Compans_Ch14_O.pdf -- Influenza Virus-Like Particles as Pandemic Vaccines -- 1 Introduction -- 2 VLPs as Influenza Vaccine Candidates -- 2.1 Rationale for VLPs as a Pandemic Influenza Vaccine -- 2.2 Characteristics of VLPs as a Promising Vaccine Candidate for Influenza Virus -- 3 Production of Influenza VLPs -- 3.1 Formation of VLPs -- 3.2 Expression Systems -- 3.3 Expression Vectors for Insect Cells -- 3.4 Large-Scale Production and Purification of VLPs. , 4 Immune Responses Induced by Influenza VLPs.

Note: Intro -- Preface -- Organization -- Contents -- Evaluating the Robustness of Question-Answering Models to Paraphrased Questions -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Methodology -- 2.1 BERT, GPT-2 and XLNet -- 2.2 Embeddings -- 2.3 SQuAD -- 2.4 Para-SQuAD -- 2.5 Para-SQuAD Sentence Embeddings -- 3 Results -- 3.1 Experiments on QA Models -- 3.2 Dev-Para Performance -- 3.3 Visualization of Para-SQuAD -- 4 Related Work -- 5 Conclusion -- 5.1 Discussion -- 5.2 Limitations -- References -- FlipOut: Uncovering Redundant Weights via Sign Flipping -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Method -- 2.1 Motivation -- 2.2 FlipOut: Applying the Aim Test for Pruning -- 3 Related Work -- 3.1 Deep-R -- 3.2 Magnitude and Uncertainty Pruning -- 4 Experiments -- 4.1 General Setup -- 4.2 Choosing the Hyperparameters for FlipOut -- 4.3 Comparison to Baselines -- 4.4 Is It Just the Noise? -- 5 Discussion -- References -- Evolving Virtual Embodied Agents Using External Artifact Evaluations -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Computational Aesthetic Evaluation -- 1.2 Embodiment -- 2 Related Work -- 3 Implementation -- 3.1 Agent Morphology -- 3.2 Agent Control Policy -- 4 Experiment -- 4.1 Setup -- 4.2 Measuring Aesthetic Quality -- 4.3 Training Procedure -- 5 Results -- 6 Discussion -- 6.1 Future Work -- 7 Conclusion -- References -- Continuous Surrogate-Based Optimization Algorithms Are Well-Suited for Expensive Discrete Problems -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Problem Description -- 3 Related Work -- 4 Benchmark Problems -- 5 Experiments -- 5.1 Results -- 6 Conclusion and Future Work -- References -- Comparing Correction Methods to Reduce Misclassification Bias -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Methods -- 2.1 Baseline Estimator - Random Sample -- 2.2 Classify and Count -- 2.3 Subtracting Estimated Bias -- 2.4 Misclassification Probabilities -- 2.5 Calibration Probabilities -- 3 Results. , 3.1 Sampling Distributions of the Estimators -- 3.2 Finding the Optimal Estimator -- 4 Conclusion and Discussion -- A Appendix -- References -- A Spiking Neuron Implementation of Genetic Algorithms for Optimization -- 1 Introduction -- 2 High-Level Architecture -- 3 Neural Ensembles for Genetic Algorithms -- 3.1 Sequential Design -- 3.2 Parallel Design -- 4 Analysis -- 5 Discussion -- References -- Solving Hofstadter's Analogies Using Structural Information Theory -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Hofstadter's Analogies -- 1.2 Structural Information Theory -- 2 Analogy Solving -- 2.1 Structural Compression -- 2.2 Generating Symbols from Symbols -- 2.3 Symbol Substitution -- 2.4 Structure in Parameters -- 2.5 Inversion Trick -- 3 Python Implementation of PISA -- 3.1 Configurable Complexity Metric -- 3.2 Other Differences with PISA -- 4 Results -- 4.1 Murena's Dataset -- 4.2 Our Dataset -- 4.3 Complexity Values -- 5 Discussion -- 6 Future Developments -- References -- A Semantic Tableau Method for Argument Construction -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Preliminaries -- 3 Basic Argumentation Tableau -- 4 Defeasible Rules -- 4.1 Predicate Logic -- 4.2 Correctness and Completeness -- 5 Reasoning by Cases -- 5.1 Cases in an Argumentation Tableau -- 5.2 How to Reason by Cases with Defeasible Information -- 5.3 Local Tableau Closures -- 5.4 Mutually Exclusive Cases -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- `Thy Algorithm Shalt Not Bear False Witness': An Evaluation of Multiclass Debiasing Methods on Word Embeddings -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Background -- 3 Methodology -- 3.1 Terminology -- 3.2 Bias Measurements Techniques -- 3.3 Debiasing Techniques -- 4 Analysis of Religious Bias in Word Embeddings -- 4.1 Data -- 4.2 Analysis -- 5 Experiments and Results -- 5.1 Experimental Setup -- 5.2 RNSB Metric on Word Embeddings -- 5.3 WEAT and MAC on Word Embeddings. , 5.4 SoftWEAT Hyperparameter Experimentation -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- An Intelligent Tree Planning Approach Using Location-Based Social Networks Data -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Work -- 3 Problem Definition -- 4 Methods -- 4.1 Policy 1 - Degree -- 4.2 Policy 2 - Tree Density -- 4.3 Policy 3 - Community Tree Density -- 4.4 Policy 4 - Pareto Ranking -- 5 Experimental Set-Up -- 5.1 Data Sources -- 5.2 The Number of Iterations of the Community Detection Algorithm -- 5.3 Simulation -- 5.4 Evaluation -- 6 Results -- 6.1 Initial Situation -- 6.2 Ranking the Venues -- 6.3 Planting the Trees and Analyzing the Result -- 7 Conclusion -- References -- Gaining Insight into Determinants of Physical Activity Using Bayesian Network Learning-9pt -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Preliminaries -- 2.1 Bayesian Network Model -- 2.2 Learning Bayesian Networks -- 2.3 Handling Missing Data -- 3 Description of the Data and Methodology -- 3.1 Data Acquisition and Description -- 3.2 Data Preprocessing and Concept Design -- 3.3 Missing Data Analysis -- 3.4 Approach -- 4 Results -- 4.1 Comparison Bayesian Network Missing Data Strategy -- 4.2 Comparison of Bayesian Network Model to Previous Analyses -- 5 Discussion and Conclusions -- 6 Future Work -- References -- Swarm Construction Coordinated Through the Building Material -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Construction Algorithms -- 2.1 Standard Algorithms -- 2.2 Block Algorithms -- 3 Experiments -- 3.1 Dynamic Construction Paths -- 3.2 Guided Construction -- 3.3 Flexible Construction -- 4 Discussion -- 4.1 Fault Tolerance -- 4.2 Trade-Offs -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Correction to: Gaining Insight into Determinants of Physical Activity Using Bayesian Network Learning. , Correction to: Chapter "Gaining Insight into Determinants of Physical Activity Using Bayesian Network Learning" in: M. Baratchi et al. (Eds.): Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning, CCIS 1398, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-76640-5_11 -- Author Index.

Note: Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Invariance -- 3. Existence -- 4. Singularities -- 5. Solutions of Small Amplitude -- 6. Scattering -- 7. Stability of Solitary Waves -- 8. Yang-Mills Equations -- 9. Vlasov-Maxwell Equations -- References -- Back Cover.

Note: Intro -- Contents -- Preface -- 1. How Bad Is It, Anyway? -- 2. How Did We Get into This Mess? -- 3. Dawning Awareness -- 4. Back to the Future -- 5. Resolving the Parasite Paradox I: Taking Advantage of Opportunities -- 6. Resolving the Parasite Paradox II: Coping with Changing Opportunities -- 7. A Paradigm for Pathogens and Hosts -- 8. Emerging Diseases: The Cost of Human Evolution -- 9. Taking Action: Evolutionary Triage -- 10. Time to Own It: It's Nobody's Fault but Everyone's to Blame -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index.