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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nuclear diagnostics for the National Ignition Facility (invited) : Papers from the thirteenth topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 72 (2001), S. 773-779 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The National Ignition Facility (NIF), currently under construction at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, will provide unprecedented opportunities for the use of nuclear diagnostics in inertial confinement fusion experiments. The completed facility will provide 2 MJ of laser energy for driving targets, compared to the approximately 40 kJ that was available on Nova and the approximately 30 kJ available on Omega. Ignited NIF targets are anticipated to produce up to 1019 DT neutrons. In addition to a basic set of nuclear diagnostics based on previous experience, these higher NIF yields are expected to allow innovative nuclear diagnostic techniques to be utilized, such as neutron imaging, recoil proton techniques, and gamma-ray-based reaction history measurements. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1319356
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrical characterization of cw xenon arcs at moderate currents (1987)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 61 (1987), S. 4484-4491 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Radiant output, current-voltage characteristics, and heat conduction losses have been measured for water-cooled xenon arc lamps with d=0.7-cm quartz envelopes, driven by 60-Hz currents I ranging from 10 to 90-A rms. Cold-fill pressures varied from 0.5 to 3.0 atm absolute, and interelectrode spacing S from 11.0 to 20.3 cm. The arc voltage drop has been fitted to an equation of the form V=AIbpcaS/d with the results of A, b, and c being 2.51±0.20, 0.40±0.03, and 0.23±0.04, respectively. Here pa is an effective gas-fill pressure which depends on the ratio of hot-arc volume to cold-lamp volume and accounts for the lower atom density in the hot arc. The percentage of lamp power appearing as near-visible continuum radiation varies in the approximate range, 55%–65%. Our voltage data are compared to the high-current empirical Goncz result and with two simple theoretical models: a gray body ion-resistive arc and a recombination dominated atom-resistive arc. We estimate that the plasma has a very small emissivity. The analysis emphasizes the importance of recombination as a source of continuum radiation in these moderate current arcs and that both atoms and ions contribute to plasma resistivity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.338934
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neutron time-of-flight and emission time diagnostics for the National Ignition Facility : Papers from the thirteenth topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 72 (2001), S. 850-853 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Current plans call for a system of current mode neutron detectors for the National Ignition Facility for extending the range of neutron yields below that of the neutron activation system, for ion-temperature measurements over a wide yield range, and for determining the average neutron emission time. The system will need to operate over a yield range of 106 for the lowest-yield experiments to 1019 for high-yield ignited targets. The requirements will be satisfied using several detectors located at different distances from the target. This article presents a conceptual design for the NIF nToF system. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1321001
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Field studies on the ureogenic gulf toadfish in a subtropical bay. I. Patterns of abundance, size composition and growth (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 50 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Opsanus beta abundance in Biscayne Bay, Florida, varied significantly depending on site and season. O. beta catch per unit effort (cpue) was highest in southern study sites which tended to provide the combination of shallow mean depth, nocturnally high levels of dissolved oxygen, and Thalassia-dominated substrate. Significant seasonal differences in abundance were restricted to the three sites where O. beta cpue tended to be highest; two of these sites shared the same pattern of in crease during the cool-dry season (November-April), followed by a return to lower levels during warm-wet season (May-September). Dramatic seasonal abundance increases could not be ascribed to large influxes of immature fish. Rather, size composition data suggested sexually mature individuals moved seasonally among habitats, possibly for reproductive purposes. Modal analysis of length-frequency data followed by nonlinear regressions yielded preliminary values for the von Bertalanffy growth parameters K and t0, given that Lσ= 300 mm. Possible reasons for O. beta growing slower and attaining a smaller maximal size than its temperate congener, O. tau, are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1997.tb01651.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitrogen metabolism and excretion in Allenbatrachus grunniens(L): effects of variable salinity, confinement, high pH and ammonia loading (2004)
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 65 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The nitrogen metabolism and excretion patterns of the grunting toadfish Allenbatrachus grunniens and the effects of salinity on these processes were examined. Individuals of A. grunniens were subjected to several experimental treatments, including variable salinity (2 to 30), high pH (8·5 compared to 7·0 for controls), high environmental ammonia (10 mM) and confinement to small water volumes, and measurements were made of activities of selected enzymes of nitrogen metabolism, ammonia and urea excretion rates, and tissue and plasma contents of ammonia, urea and amino acids. Activities of key ornithine-urea cycle enzymes were rather low (e.g. liver carbamoyl phosphate synthetase III activity was 0·001 μmols min−1 g−1), and A. grunniens consistently demonstrated a low capacity for urea excretion despite significant elevations of plasma and tissue ammonia contents by the high pH and high ammonia treatments. This species could thus be categorized as ammoniotelic. Total free amino acid contents in plasma and tissues were increased by the high pH and high ammonia treatments, but no patterns were discerned in individual amino acids that would indicate any preferential accumulation (e.g. alanine and glutamine) as has been noted previously in several semi-terrestrial fish species. Thus, it appeared that A. grunniens was not unusual in its patterns of nitrogen metabolism and excretion in comparison to other ‘typical’ teleosts. Furthermore, manipulation of salinity had no major effects on nitrogen excretion in either this species or in comparative studies with the ureotelic gulf toadfish Opsanus beta. The results are discussed in the context of the broader pattern of nitrogen metabolism and excretion in the Batrachoididae.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-1112.2004.00538.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biochemical and environmental perspectives on nitrogen metabolism in fishes (1992)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 48 (1992), S. 583-593 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Alanine ; ammonia ; argininolysis ; detoxification ; excretion ; glutamine ; ornithine-urea cycle ; teleost fish ; toxicity ; transport ; urea ; uricolysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Catabolism of nitrogen-containing substances makes a major contribution to the oxidative metabolism in teleostean fishes. In this review, we focus on aspects of the formation, transport, detoxification and excretion of the two most important nitrogenous products of fishes: ammonia (NH3 plus NH 4 + ) and urea. While NH 4 + makes up the bulk of nitrogenous waste, it is in equilibrium with the highly toxic NH3. Ammonia is generated in the liver and excreted through branchial, surface and renal routes. Innocuous urea is derived through hepatic uricolysis or argininolysis and voided through kidney, gill, skin or faeces. Under conditions hampering the release of ammonia, such as exposure to exogenous ammonia, water limitation, or alkaline conditions, some teleosts detoxify ammonia through synthesis of urea by the ornithine-urea cycle in liver. Ammonia and possibly alanine are the prevalent vehicles of internal nitrogen transport. Glutamine is immaterial to interorgan nitrogen transport in fishes, but plays a transient role in the detoxification of ammonia by brain glutamine synthetase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01920243
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural localisation of oestrogen receptor in breast cancer cell nuclei (1990)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 95 (1990), S. 205-207 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A method of localising oestrogen receptor in nuclei of breast cancer cells by the protein A-gold technique is described. Mast cell granules were found to take up uncoated particles of the gold sol selectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00266594
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sub-lethal plant defences: the paradox remains (1993)
    Springer
    Oecologia 93 (1993), S. 153-155 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Panolis flammea ; Natural enemies ; Host quality ; Larval development ; Pinus contorta
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) trees of two different seed origins, one a poor quality host (Alaskan lodgepole pine), the other a good quality host (south coastal lodgepole pine), were infested with known numbers of eggs of the pine beauty moth, Panolis flammea. Each tree had paired sleeves, one allowing access by invertebrate predators, the other denying this access. When the sleeves were removed, the numbers of larvae surviving, their weights and developmental stages were assessed. Larvae reared on south coastal lodgepole pine (SLP) in the absence of predators were significantly heavier and had significantly better survival rates than larvae reared in comparable conditions on Alaskan lodgepole pine (ALP). However, in the open sleeves, although the larvae reared on SLP were significantly heavier than those on ALP, survival was significantly greater on ALP. Thus predation was greater on the faster developing larvae on the better quality host. These results indicate that slow growth by a herbivore does not necessarily result in greater vulnerability to predators.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00317663
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alternative energy technologies and health (1981)
    Springer
    Environmental management 5 (1981), S. 283-283 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Keywords: Occupational health ; Energy production
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01867340
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Health and safety implications of alternative energy technologies. III. Fossil energy (1981)
    Springer
    Environmental management 5 (1981), S. 483-494 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract This paper reviews both innovative fossil energy sources (tar sands, oil shale, and unconventional natural gas), and more established technologies that are being considered as suppliers of gaseous and liquid fuels (that is, coal gasification and liquefaction). Potential health and safety issues related to the technologies are discussed, although the absence of commercial-scale facilities in the United States restricts the discussion to health effects information derived from related processes. The available epidemiological and carcinogenic studies give cause for concern. The study of the health and environmental impacts of the emerging fossil fuel technologies will be important for quantification of adverse effects and rectification of problems before commitment to large-scale commercialization occurs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01866721
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