Anmerkung: Intro -- Bioconjugated Materials Part 2 Applications in Drug Delivery, Vaccine Formulations and Important Conjugates for Cancer Therapy -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors to Volume 103 -- About the editors -- Preface -- References -- Series editor's preface -- Chapter One: Multifunctional bioconjugates and their utilities -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Bioconjugation chemistry -- 3. Molecular conjugates -- 3.1. Carbohydrate oligonucleotides conjugates -- 3.2. Lipid oligonucleotides conjugates -- 3.3. Polymeric oligonucleotides conjugates -- 3.4. Antibody oligonucleotides conjugates -- 3.5. Aptamer oligonucleotide conjugates -- 3.6. Small molecule targeting conjugates -- 4. Bioconjugates as functional carriers -- 4.1. Polymer drug conjugates -- 5. Utility of nanobioconjugates in pharmacokinetics -- 6. Future perspectives of bioconjugation -- 7. Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter Two: Bioconjugated materials as potential vehicles for delivery of antibiotics/drugs -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Strategies for bioconjugate fabrication -- 2.1. Covalent conjugation -- 2.2. Noncovalent conjugation -- 3. Materials for antibiotics/drugs conjugation -- 3.1. Natural materials for antibiotics/drugs conjugation -- 3.1.1. Pectin -- 3.1.2. Dextran -- 3.1.3. Cellulose -- 3.1.4. Guar gum -- 3.1.5. Pullulan -- 3.1.6. Gum acacia -- 3.2. Synthetic materials for antibiotics/drugs conjugation -- 3.2.1. Polylactic acid (PLA) -- 3.2.2. Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) -- 3.2.3. Polycaprolactone -- 3.2.4. Poly(butylene succinate) -- 3.2.5. Polydioxanone (PDS) -- 4. Commercially available materials-conjugated antibiotics/drugs products -- 5. Conclusions and future directions -- Acknowledgements -- Conflicts of interest -- References -- Chapter Three: Bioconjugated materials in the development of subunit vaccines -- 1. Introduction. , 2. Recombinant protein and synthetic peptide-based subunit vaccines -- 2.1. Recombinant protein-based subunit vaccines -- 2.2. Synthetic peptide-based subunit vaccines -- 3. Bioconjugation methods in subunit vaccines -- 3.1. Staudinger ligation reaction -- 3.2. Diels-Alder reaction -- 3.3. N-Hydroxysuccinimide esters -- 3.4. Copper-catalysed alkyne-azide cycloaddition reaction -- 3.5. Strain promoted alkyne-azide cycloaddition -- 4. Bioconjugation materials in subunit vaccines -- 4.1. Polymeric materials as subunit vaccine adjuvants -- 4.1.1. Polysaccharides -- 4.1.1.1. Chitosan and its derivatives in subunit vaccines -- 4.1.1.2. Glucan-based subunit vaccines -- 4.1.1.3. Mannose-containing subunit vaccines -- 4.1.1.4. Insulin-containing subunit vaccines -- 4.1.2. Polyamino acids -- 4.1.3. Synthetic polymers -- 4.2. Lipids in subunit-based vaccines -- 4.2.1. Glycosphingolipids -- 4.2.2. Lipopolysaccharides -- 4.2.3. Lipoproteins and lipopeptides -- 5. Conclusions -- Conflicts of interest -- Funding -- References -- Chapter Four: Antibody-drug conjugates for cancer therapy: An up-to-date review on the chemistry and pharmacology -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Chemotherapeutic agents in cancer treatment -- 2.1. Need of chemotherapeutic agents -- 2.2. Problems of chemotherapeutic agents -- 3. Antibody engineering to improve effector functions -- 3.1. FcγR binding leads to cellular effector function -- 3.2. Fc engineering to improve the function of antibody effector cells -- 3.2.1. Amino acid substitutions enhance effector cell function -- 3.2.2. Glycoengineering to enhance effector cell function: ADCC and CDC -- 3.3. Fc engineering to enhance antibody-mediated complement dependent cytotoxicity -- 4. Monoclonal antibody-drug conjugates -- 4.1. Need of antibody-drug conjugates -- 4.2. Selection criteria for antibody-drug conjugates. , 4.3. Characteristics of antibody-drug conjugates -- 4.4. Mechanism of action of ADCs -- 5. Types of antibody-drug conjugates -- 5.1. Conjugation of ADCs using sugars -- 5.2. Conjugation of ADCs using enzymes -- 5.2.1. Sortase -- 5.2.2. Transglutaminase -- 5.2.3. Formyl-glycine-generating enzyme -- 5.2.4. Endoglycosidase -- 5.2.5. Spyligase -- 5.2.6. Trypsiligase and subtiligase -- 5.2.7. Phosphopantetheinyl transferase -- 5.2.8. O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase (AGT) or SNAP-Tag -- 5.3. Conjugation of ADCs using lysine -- 5.4. Conjugation of ADCs using cysteine -- 6. Click conjugation -- 6.1. CuAAC and SPAAC reactions -- 7. Importance of linkers in making antibody-drug conjugates -- 7.1. Non-cleavable linkers -- 7.1.1. Type of chemical bond -- 7.1.2. Stability -- 7.1.3. Release mechanism -- 7.2. Chemically labile linkers -- 7.2.1. pH sensitive linkers -- 8. Payloads for antibody-drug conjugates -- 8.1. Classification of payloads -- 8.1.1. Microtubule inhibitors -- 8.1.2. Immune-activating agents -- 9. Applications of antibody-drug conjugates -- 9.1. Case studies on the use of bioconjugates between antibodies and medications -- 9.1.1. Brentuximab vedotin (Adcetris) ADCs for prevention of Hodgkin lymphoma and systemic anaplastic large cell lymphoma -- 9.1.2. Ado-trastuzumab emtansine (Kadcyla) ADCs for HER2-positive breast cancer -- 9.1.3. Inotuzumab ozogamicin (Besponsa) ADCs for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia -- 9.1.4. Sacituzumab govitecan-hziy ADCs therapy for triple-negative breast cancer and other solid tumours -- 9.1.5. Seribantumab (MM121) ADCs therapy for the therapy of solid tumours -- 9.1.6. Polatuzumab vedotin (policy) ADCs treatment for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and follicular lymphoma (FL) -- 9.1.7. ADCs blinatumomab (Blincyto) for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). , 9.1.8. Isatuximab (Sarclisa) treatment for multiple myeloma -- 9.1.9. Marizomib ADC treatment for acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) and high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) -- 9.1.10. Glembatumumab vedotin (Glemba) ADC for advanced melanoma -- 9.1.11. Tisotumab vedotin (Gemtesa) ADC treatment for cervical cancer -- 9.1.12. IMM-822 (Gemtuzumab ozogamicin) for acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) -- 9.1.13. IMM-124E (RG7422) for metastatic carcinoma of the gastrointestinal tract -- 9.1.14. Mirvetuximab soravtansine-gynx for epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer -- 9.2. Applications of ADCs in diagnostic imaging -- 9.2.1. Fluorochrome-conjugated antibodies -- 9.2.2. Gold-conjugated antibodies -- 9.2.3. Enzyme-conjugated antibodies -- 9.3. Applications of ADCs in the treatment of other diseases -- 10. Toxicities of antibody-drug conjugates -- 10.1. Organan toxicity -- 10.1.1. Thrombocytopenia -- 10.1.2. Neutropenia -- 10.1.3. Eye poisoning -- 10.1.4. Peripheral neuropathy -- 10.1.5. Skin poisoning -- 10.1.6. Hepatotoxicity -- 10.1.7. Toxicities of endothelial cells -- 10.1.8. Toxicities seen in preclinical studies -- 10.2. Mechanism of action -- 11. Clinical trials -- 11.1. Patent updates -- 11.1.1. Phosphoinositide 3 kinases (PI3K)/Akt/mammalian (or mechanistic) target of rapamycin (mTOR) system conjugation fo ... -- 11.1.2. FOLATE-GSH-IgG conjugate for malignancies and autoimmune disease -- 11.1.3. Nemorubicin metabolite or analogue drug moieties for cancer treatment -- 11.1.4. Glucose oxidase-iron oxide bioconjugates induce cancer cell death -- 11.1.5. Anti-TENB2 cysteine-engineered antibodies for prostate cancer -- 12. Conclusions and future perspectives -- References -- Chapter Five: Importance of carbohydrate-drug conjugates in vaccine development: A detailed review -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Carbohydrates in vaccine development. , 2.1. Role of carbohydrates in the immune system -- 2.2. Need of chemical modification of carbohydrates -- 3. Methods of carbohydrate conjugation -- 3.1. Conjugation by using cyanylation -- 3.2. Conjugation by using carbodiimide -- 3.3. Conjugation by using thioalkylation -- 3.4. Conjugation by using thiol-maleimide -- 3.5. Conjugation by using reductive amination -- 3.6. Conjugation by using active ester -- 4. Site-selective glycan protein conjugation -- 4.1. Chemical modification of natural amino acid residues -- 4.2. Enzyme-catalysed conjugation -- 4.3. Incorporation of unnatural amino acids -- 4.4. Glycoengineering -- 5. Role of zwitterionic polysaccharides (ZPs) -- 5.1. Mannan -- 6. Mannan-MUC1 fusion protein (Ma-FP) conjugation -- 6.1. Mannan as carrier of DNA vaccines -- 6.2. Mannan as carrier of allergy vaccines -- 7. Modified dextran conjugates -- 7.1. Structure and properties of dextran -- 7.2. Acetalated dextran microparticles -- 7.3. Acetalated dextran (Ac-Dex) particles loaded with ovalbumin (OVA) -- 7.4. Reducible dextran nanogel -- 7.5. Oxidation sensitive dextran -- 7.6. Amphiphilic pH-sensitive galactosyl-dextran-retinal (GDR) nanogel conjugates -- 8. Licensed glycoconjugate vaccines available in the market -- 9. Patent updates and clinical trials of carbohydrate bioconjugates -- 9.1. Patent updates for carbohydrate bioconjugates -- 9.2. Clinical trials of carbohydrate bioconjugates -- 10. Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter Six: Quintessential impact of dendrimer bioconjugates in targeted drug delivery -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Dendrimers in drug delivery -- 2.1. Structure assembly details of dendrimers -- 2.2. Role of dendrimers in the drug delivery system -- 3. Dendrimer-drug conjugates -- 3.1. Need of dendrimer-drug conjugates -- 3.2. Advantages of dendrimer-drug conjugates. , 3.3. Types of dendrimer-drug conjugates.

Anmerkung: Front Cover -- Analysis, fate, and toxicity of engineered nanomaterials in plants -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors to volume 84 -- About the editors -- Series editor´s preface -- Preface -- Chapter One: Recent advancements and new perspectives of phytonanotechnology -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Recent advances -- 2.1. Application of nanomaterials for seed germination and seed growth -- 2.2. Enhancement of uptake and translocation of nanomaterials in plant -- 2.3. Modification of metabolism of plants by engineered nanomaterials -- 3. Investigations on ecotoxicity and fate of phyto-synthesized nanomaterial -- 4. Investigations on molecular responses of plants to engineered nanomaterials -- 5. The perspective of phytonanotechnology and the use of nanomaterials in plants -- 6. Concluding remarks -- References -- Chapter Two: Plant cell nanomaterials interaction: Growth, physiology and secondary metabolism -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Metallic nanoparticles effect development of plants -- 3. The effect of nanoparticles on plant secondary metabolism -- 4. Impact of nanomaterials on plant biochemical parameters -- 5. Applications of nanomaterials during plant in vitro cultures -- 5.1. Towards callus induction and organogenesis -- 5.2. Nanoparticles induce somaclonal variations -- 5.3. Towards controlling contamination -- 5.4. Size directs the function of nanomaterials in plants -- 5.5. Concentration affects the function of NPs in plants -- 6. Adverse effects of nanomaterials on plants -- 7. Conclusions and future prospects -- References -- Chapter Three: Interaction of nanomaterials in secondary metabolites accumulation, photosynthesis, and nitrogen fixation ... -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The effects of ENMs on secondary metabolites accumulation -- 3. The effects of ENMs on photosynthesis -- 4. The effects of ENMs on nitrogen fixation. , 5. Conclusion and future research needs -- References -- Chapter Four: Impacts of metal oxide nanoparticles on seed germination, plant growth and development -- 1. Nanoparticles in the environment -- 2. The nanoparticle characteristics involved in fate and effects on plants -- 3. External factors that affect nanoparticle behaviour in soil and toxicity -- 4. Methodological approach and endpoints to assess the toxicity of NPs in plants -- 5. Introduction to the phytotoxicity mechanism of metal oxide (MO) NPs -- 6. ZnO NPs -- 6.1. Introduction -- 6.2. Effects of ZnO NPs on plants and influence of assay conditions -- 6.3. Influence of soil pH in the phytotoxicity of ZnO NPs -- 6.4. Comparison of the effects of ZnO microparticles and Zn ion versus ZnO NPs -- 6.5. Toxicity mechanisms of ZnO NPs in plants -- 6.6. Conclusions -- 7. CuO NPs -- 7.1. Introduction -- 7.2. Effects of CuO NPs on plants and influence of assay conditions -- 7.3. Comparison of the effects of CuO microparticles and Cu ion versus CuO NPs -- 7.4. Toxicity mechanisms of CuO NPs in plants -- 7.5. Conclusions -- 8. TiO2 NPs -- 8.1. Introduction -- 8.2. Effects of TiO2 NPs on plants and the influence of assay conditions -- 8.3. Influence of crystalline structure, size and coating on the effects of TiO2 NPs on plants -- 8.4. Comparison of the effects of TiO2 microparticles versus TiO2 NPs -- 8.5. Toxicity mechanisms of TiO2 NPs in plants -- 8.6. Conclusions -- 9. CeO2 NPs -- 9.1. Introduction -- 9.2. Effects of CeO2 NPs on plants and the influence of assay conditions -- 9.3. Influence of size and coating on the effects of CeO2 on plants -- 9.4. Comparison of the effects of CeO2 microparticles and Ce ion versus CeO2 NPs -- 9.5. Toxicity mechanisms of CeO2 NPs in plants -- 9.6. Conclusions -- 10. Future outlook -- References. , Chapter Five: Toxic effects of engineered nanoparticles (metal/metal oxides) on plants using Allium cepa as a model system -- 1. Introduction -- 2. How A. cepa acts as a model organism -- 3. Toxicity assessments and discussion -- 3.1. Effects of metal/metal oxide NPs on A. cepa root growth -- 3.2. Determination of cytotoxicity using A. cepa root tip assay -- 3.2.1. Evaluation of cell death by Evans blue staining -- 3.2.2. Estimation of viable cells using TTC -- 3.2.3. Mitotic index (MI), micronucleus (MN), and chromosomal aberration (CA) -- 3.3. DNA damage assessment of A. cepa roots by alkaline comet assay -- 4. Generation of ROS by NPs and estimation of ROS scavenging enzymes activity -- 4.1. Generation of intracellular ROS by NPs -- 4.1.1. Determination of superoxide (O2-.) -- 4.1.2. Determination of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) -- 4.1.3. Determination of hydroxyl radical (OH) -- 4.2. Estimation of ROS scavenging enzymes -- 5. Estimation of cell membrane damage and intracellular uptake of NPs -- 5.1. Cell membrane damage by lipid peroxidation analysis -- 5.2. Bio-uptake of NPs -- 6. Conclusion -- References -- Chapter Six: Phytotoxicity of silver nanoparticles and defence mechanisms -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Uptake and accumulation -- 3. Effects on germination, growth, morphology and ultrastructure -- 3.1. Effects on seed germination and plant growth -- 3.2. Effects on morphology and ultrastructure -- 4. Induction of oxidative stress -- 5. Effects on photosynthesis -- 6. Changes in protein expression -- 7. Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter Seven: Genome-wide alterations of epigenomic landscape in plants by engineered nanomaterial toxicants -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Epigenetic modifications in plants -- 2.1. DNA methylation in plants -- 2.1.1. Maintenance of DNA methylation -- 2.1.2. De novo DNA methylation. , 2.1.3. Active dynamics of DNA methylation and demethylation -- 2.1.4. Biological impacts of DNA methylation and demethylation events -- 2.1.4.1. Gene expression and function -- 2.1.4.2. Silencing of transposons -- 2.1.4.3. Chromosomal interactions -- 2.1.4.4. Plant growth and development -- 2.1.4.5. Response to the environmental stress -- 2.2. Histone modifications in plants -- 2.2.1. H3K4-methylations -- 2.2.2. H3K27 tri-methylations -- 2.2.3. H3K9 di-methylation -- 3. Nanomaterial and nanoparticle toxicity -- 4. Epigenetic aberrations and responses in plants due to oxidative stresses -- 4.1. DNA methylation due to stress responses -- 4.2. Histone modifications due to stress responses -- 4.3. RNA directed DNA methylation due to stress responses -- 5. Nanoparticle stress on plant-epigenetic changes -- 5.1. Effect of nanoparticle stress on transgenerational changes -- 5.2. Effect of nanoparticle stress on DNA methylation -- 5.3. Effect of nanoparticle stress on histone modifications -- 6. Future perspective and conclusion -- Conflict of interest -- References -- Chapter Eight: Nanomaterials as therapeutic and diagnostic tool for controlling plant diseases -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Types of nanomaterials used for controlling plant diseases -- 2.1. Nanosilver -- 2.2. Nanocopper -- 2.3. Metal oxide nanoparticles -- 2.4. Other categories of nanoparticles and nanoformulations -- 3. Smart delivery systems -- 4. Nanobiosensors -- 5. Safety concerns and possible toxic effects caused by use of nanomaterials -- 6. Conclusions -- References -- Further reading -- Chapter Nine: Agrochemicals from nanomaterials-Synthesis, mechanisms of biochemical activities and applications -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Nanotechnology in agriculture -- 2.1. Nanofertilizer -- 2.1.1. Development of nanofertilizers -- 2.1.2. Mechanisms of biochemical activities. , 2.1.3. Applications of nanofertilizers -- 2.2. Nanopesticide -- 2.2.1. Development of nanopesticides -- 2.2.2. Biochemical activities -- 2.2.3. Applications of nanopesticides -- 3. Conclusion and future scope -- References -- Chapter Ten: Capturing thematic intervention of nanotechnology in agriculture sector: A scientometric approach -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Smart monitoring technologies -- 2.1. Nanofertilizers and nanopesticides -- 2.2. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) -- 2.3. Nanoencapsulation -- 3. Publication analysis -- 3.1. United States -- 3.2. China -- 3.3. India -- 4. Collaboration analysis -- 5. Analysis of USA top three institutes -- 6. Analysis of China top three institutes -- 7. Analysis of India top three institutes -- 7.1. Patent analysis -- 7.2. Chinese patent analysis -- 7.3. Indian patents -- 8. Few patented technologies description -- 9. Conclusion -- 10. Identification of gaps and obstacles -- References -- Index -- Back Cover.

Anmerkung: Front Cover -- Engineered Nanomaterials and Phytonanotechnology: Challenges for Plant Sustainability -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors to volume 87 -- About the editors -- Preface -- Chapter One: Environmental application of nanomaterials: A promise to sustainable future -- 1. Introduction to nano-technology: Historical background and current trends in application -- 1.1. History of nanotechnology -- 1.2. Current trends in nanotechnology -- 2. Types of engineered nanomaterial -- 3. Environmental application of ENM -- 3.1. Medical application of nanoparticles -- 3.1.1. Disease treatment -- 3.1.2. Bio-analysis -- 3.1.3. Drug delivery -- 3.2. Application of nanoparticles in electronics and information technology -- 3.2.1. Nanotechnology to harvest renewable energy -- 3.2.2. Solar energy -- 3.2.3. Wind energy -- 3.3. Usage in personal care products -- 3.3.1. Composition and formulation of NP-cosmeceuticals -- 3.3.1.1. Nanocarriers in cosmetics -- 3.3.1.1.1. Metal oxide nanomaterials -- 3.3.1.1.2. Organic nanocarriers -- 3.4. Role of nanotechnology in agriculture -- 3.4.1. The development of nano bio-sensors for precision in agriculture -- 3.4.2. Direct usage of NP´s -- 3.4.3. Smart delivery system of NP´s in plant -- 3.4.3.1. Fertilizer industry -- 3.4.3.2. Pesticide industry -- 3.5. Application of nanotechnology in water purification -- 3.5.1. Process involved in water purification in relation to NPs -- 3.5.2. Composition/working-based classification of nanoparticles for water treatment -- 3.5.2.1. Magnetic nanoparticles -- 3.5.2.2. Carbon-based nanotubes and nano enhanced membranes -- 3.5.2.3. Nanocellulose-based membranes for water purification -- 3.5.2.4. Metal and metal oxide NPs in water treatment and purification -- 3.5.3. Effectiveness and limitations -- 3.6. Application of nanomaterials in food safety: From field to dining plate. , 3.6.1. Nanotechnology for advance food packaging -- 3.6.2. Barriers to nanotechnology in food industry -- 4. Critical version of nanotechnology with reference to eco-toxicology -- 4.1. Inspect present to build our future -- 5. Future prospects of nanotechnology -- References -- Further reading -- Chapter Two: Plant-nanoparticle interactions: Mechanisms, effects, and approaches -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Nanoparticle uptake dynamics and mechanism -- 3. Biological effect and impact -- 4. Next generation approaches for toxicity studies: Perspective on omics-based tools -- 5. Applications of nanoparticles in plants for beneficial purposes -- 6. Conclusion and future prospects -- References -- Chapter Three: A general overview on application of nanoparticles in agriculture and plant science -- 1. Nanobiotechnology -- 2. Production of enzymes with nano-specific properties -- 3. Biological nano-sensors -- 4. Application of nanoparticles in environmental monitoring and diagnosis of pathogens -- 5. Application of nanotechnology in food industry -- 6. Application of nanotechnology in animal science -- 7. Role of nanotechnology in irrigation -- 8. Application of nanotechnology in agricultural machinery -- 9. Nanotechnology in agriculture and horticulture -- 10. The effect of nanoparticles on photosynthesis -- 11. Effect of nanotechnology on the food chain -- 12. Bioactive nano-sensors are used to prepare biological materials that can react quickly with target molecules -- 13. Nano-fertilizers and nano-insecticides -- 14. Converting agricultural wastes to nanoparticles -- 15. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter Four: Engineered nanomaterials uptake, bioaccumulation and toxicity mechanisms in plants -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Nanomaterials uptake by plants -- 3. Effects of ENMs exposure on plants physiological characteristics -- 4. Biochemical basis of ENMs toxicity. , 5. Plant responses towards nanoparticle toxicity -- 6. Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter Five: Engineered nanomaterials in plants: Sensors, carriers, and bio-imaging -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1. Nanoparticles to engineered nanomaterials -- 1.2. Types of engineered nanomaterials -- 2. Applications of engineered nanomaterials in plants -- 2.1. ENMs as bio-carriers -- 2.2. ENMs as biosensors -- 2.2.1. Nano-mechanical biosensors -- 2.2.2. Biochips -- 2.2.3. PEBBLE nanosensors -- 2.2.4. Nano-biosensors for detection of plant metabolites -- 2.2.5. Nano-biosensors for detection antibacterial agents -- 2.2.6. Nano-biosensors for detection of plant pathogens -- 2.2.7. Detection of heavy metal contamination -- 2.3. ENMs as bio-imaging agents -- 3. Designing ENMs for plants -- 3.1. ENM uptake and translocation in plant cells -- 3.2. Functionalization of the ENMs -- 4. Phytotoxicity and engineered nanomaterials -- 5. Conclusion and future prospects -- References -- Chapter Six: Antioxidant role of nanoparticles for enhancing ecological performance of plant system -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Nanoparticles utility in plant science -- 3. Nanoparticles and their interaction with plant system -- 4. Antioxidative defence systems in plants -- 4.1. Impact of oxidative stress on ecological performance -- 4.2. Interaction of nanoparticles with antioxidant systems -- 4.3. Nanoparticles acting as antioxidants -- 5. Summary -- References -- Further reading -- Chapter Seven: Toxicity assessment of metal oxide nanoparticles on terrestrial plants -- 1. Nanoparticles -- 2. Production, applications and environmental concern -- 3. Sink of nanoparticles -- 4. Influence of nanoparticles on plants -- 5. Toxicity mechanism and effects on plants -- 6. Available techniques to detect presence of nanoparticles -- 7. Conclusion and future prospects -- Acknowledgements. , References -- Chapter Eight: Cerium oxide nanoparticles: Advances in synthesis, prospects and application in agro-ecosystem -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1. Cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2 NPs) sources in environment -- 1.1.1. Natural sources of CeO2 NPs -- 1.1.2. Anthropogenic sources of CeO2 NPs -- 2. Synthesis and characterization of CeO2 NPs -- 2.1. Green synthesis of CeO2 NPs -- 2.2. Nutrient mediated synthesis of CeO2 NPs -- 2.3. Chemical synthesis of CeO2 NPs -- 2.4. Characterization of CeO2 NPs -- 2.5. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR) -- 2.5.1. XRD -- 2.6. Scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TE ... -- 3. Environmental application of CeO2 NPs -- 3.1. Biomedical application -- 3.1.1. Nanoceria and disease control -- 3.1.2. Industrial applications -- 3.1.3. Agriculture application -- 4. Fate of cerium oxide nanoparticles in soil -- 4.1. Solubility and transport in soil -- 4.2. Adsorption and coagulation of CeO2 NPs in soil -- 5. Fate of cerium oxide nanoparticles in plants -- 5.1. Uptake by plants -- 5.2. Transport in plants -- 5.3. Assimilation and transformation in plants -- 5.4. Biochemical interactions within plant matrices -- 5.5. Combating salinity and heavy metal stresses -- 6. Critics on the eco toxicological impacts of CeO2 NPs -- 6.1. Cellular specific toxicity of CeO2 NPs in humans and animals -- 6.2. CeO2 NPs negative influence on plants -- 7. Prospects -- 8. Summary -- References -- Further reading -- Chapter Nine: ZnO nanoparticle with promising antimicrobial and antiproliferation synergistic properties -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Antibacterial synergism -- 3. Synergistic effect of ZnO NPs in cancer -- 4. Conclusion -- Acknowledgement -- References. , Chapter Ten: Biologically synthesized nanomaterials and their antimicrobial potentials -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Biological synthesis of nanoparticles and its associated advantages -- 2.1. Nanoparticles synthesis using plants -- 2.2. Nanoparticles synthesis using microorganisms -- 3. Characterization of biologically synthesized nanoparticles -- 3.1. Spectroscopic techniques -- 3.1.1. UV-Vis spectrophotometry -- 3.1.2. Infrared (IR) spectroscopy -- 3.1.3. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy -- 3.2. Microscopic techniques -- 3.2.1. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) -- 3.2.2. Energy dispersive X-ray analysis -- 3.2.3. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) -- 3.2.4. Scanning probe microscopes/scanning tunnelling microscope (SPM/STM) -- 3.3. Diffraction techniques -- 3.3.1. X-ray diffraction (XRD) -- 3.3.2. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) -- 3.3.3. Zeta potential measurement -- 4. Antimicrobial potential of biologically synthesized nanomaterials -- 4.1. Silver nanoparticles -- 4.2. Gold nanoparticles -- 4.3. Copper nanoparticles -- 4.4. Titanium and zinc nanoparticles -- References -- Chapter Eleven: Emerging plant-based anti-cancer green nanomaterials in present scenario -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1. General introduction about cancer -- 1.2. Cancer management -- 1.3. Role of nanomaterial´s to combat cancer -- 2. Role of phytochemicals to the synthesis of nano-biomaterials -- 2.1. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) -- 2.2. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) -- 2.3. Iron oxide nanoparticles -- 2.4. Titanium oxide nanoparticles -- 2.5. Cerium oxide nanoparticles -- 2.6. Bimetallic and nano-composite nanoparticles -- 2.6.1. Nano-composites -- 3. Parameters influencing the activity of nanomaterials -- 4. Emerging potential plant-based anti-cancer nanomaterials -- 5. Anti-cancer mechanisms of action of nanomaterials. , 6. Future prospects of nanomaterials for cancer nanomedicine.