Note: Intro -- Contents -- Preface -- Chapter 1 -- Trends in Copepod Studies -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Trends in Copepod Studies - Summary of Contributions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 2 -- Using the Continuous Plankton Recorder to Study the Distribution and Ecology of Marine Pelagic Copepods -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1. Why Use a CPR and CPR Methodology? -- 1.2. Copepod Taxa Recorded by the Survey -- 2. What Can CPR Data Be Used for? -- 2.1. Mapping Copepod Biogeography -- 2.2. Disentangling Short-Term and Rhythmic Variations from Long-Term Trends -- 2.3. Monitoring Northward Shifts and Range Expansions -- 2.4. Observing Phenological Changes -- 2.5. Detecting Non-Native Species -- 2.6. CPR Copepod Data and Policy -- 3. Future of the CPR Survey -- 3.1. Sample Archive and Molecular Methods -- 3.2. Copepods and Human Health -- 3.3. Instrumentation -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 3 -- Global Distribution of Tropical and Subtropical Copepods -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Materials and Methods -- 3. Results -- 3.1. Abundance and Distribution -- 3.2. Copepod Community Structure -- Discussion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 4 -- Biogeographical Distribution and Ecology of the Planktonic Copepod Oithona davisae: Rapid Invasion in Lakes Faro and Ganzirri (Central Mediterranean Sea) -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Distribution and Ecology of Oithona davisae -- 2.1. Biogeographic Distribution -- 2.2. Habitat Characteristics -- 2.3. Ecology -- 2.4. Dispersal -- 3. Oithona davisae in the Central Mediterranean Sea (Lakes Faro and Ganzirri, Sicily, Italy) -- 3.1. Study Area -- 3.2. Materials and Methods -- 3.3. Results -- 3.3.1. Seasonal Variations of Environmental Factors -- 3.3.2. Seasonal Variations in Abundance of Oithona davisae -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments. , References -- Chapter 5 -- Impact of the Invasive Species Acartia tonsa on the Distribution of Autochthonous Acartiidae Species in Estuaries of the Bay of Biscay -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Material and Methods -- 2.1. Study Area -- 2.1.1. Estuary of Bilbao -- 2.1.2. Estuary of Urdaibai -- 2.2. Data Source -- 2.3. Data Treatment -- 3. Results -- 3.1. Environmental Conditions -- 3.2. Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Acartiidae Species -- 3.3. Species Segregation in Environmental Gradients -- 3.4. Niche Breadth and Overlap -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 6 -- Can Changes in the Distribution of Two Congeneric Copepods (Acartia clausi vs. Acartia tonsa) Constitute a Sign of Recovery for the Anthropized Berre Lagoon (France, Mediterranean Sea)? -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Methods -- 2.1. Study Site and Sampling Strategy -- 2.2. Environmental Parameters -- 2.3. Metazooplankton Community -- 2.4. Data Analysis -- 3. Results -- 3.1. Environmental Parameters -- 3.2. Spatiotemporal Variations of Zooplankton Community and Acartia Populations -- 3.3. Effects of Environmental Factors on Acartia Distribution -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 7 -- The Impact of Conspicuous Environmental Changes on the Spatial and Temporal Dynamics of Acartia tonsa and Acartia clausi: A Decadal Study in a Temperate Estuary (Mondego, Portugal) -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Methods -- 2.1. Study Area -- 2.2. Environmental and Biological Data -- 2.3. Statistical Analysis -- 3. Results -- 3.1. Variabilty of Environmental Parameters and Acartia Abundance -- 3.2. Acartia Variability in Relation to Environmental Parameters -- 3.2.1. CUSUM Analysis of Time-Series -- 3.2.2. Interstructure Analysis of the Years -- 3.2.3. Compromise Analysis -- 3.2.4 Trajectories Analysis -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments. , References -- Chapter 8 -- Temperature, Salinity and Oxygen Concentration in Life Cycle Traits of the Black Sea Copepods -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Salinity Tolerance of the Black Sea Species and Their Congeneric Populations from the Marmara and Ionian Seas -- 2.1. Salinity Tolerance in Calanipeda aquaedulcis and Arctodiaptomus salinus -- 2.2. Salinity Tolerance of Native Acartia clausi and Alien Acartia tonsa -- 2.3. Salinity Tolerance of the Copepods from the Genus Oithona -- 2.4. Salinity Tolerance of Calanus helgolandicus -- 2.5. Types of Osmotic Response in the Black Sea Copepods -- 2.6. Copepod Egg Salinity Tolerance -- 2.7. Effect of Salinity on Copepod Respiration Rate -- 3. Effect of Temperature -- 3.1. Effect of Temperature on Respiration Rate -- 3.2. Effect of Temperature on Moving Activity -- 3.3. Temperature Impact on the Life Cycle and Respiration Rate of the Black Sea Native and Alien Species -- 4. Tolerance of the Black Sea Copepods to Oxygen Deficiency Stress -- 4.1. Effect of Oxygen Concentration on Energy Metabolism of the Migrating and Diapausing Calanus helgolandicus -- 4.2. Effect of Oxygen Concentration on Respiration Rate of Calanipeda aquaedulcis and Arctodiaptomus salinus -- 4.3. Energy Benefits of the Development of Calanus helgolandicus in the Black Sea Environment -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 9 -- The Biology of Myelin in Calanoid Copepods -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Structure and Function of Copepod Myelin -- 2.1. Copepod Myelin is an Axonal Sheath Composed of Multiple Concentric Layers of Membrane -- 2.2. Copepod Myelin is Produced by Nerve Cells, not Glia -- 2.3. Myelin Functions by Electrically Insulating Axons -- 3. Copepod Myelin is Confined to More Recently Evolved Superfamilies -- 4. Body Size Does not Correlate with Myelination. , 5. Myelinate Copepods have Shorter Reaction Times than Amyelinates -- 6. Myelinates Localize Sudden Hydrodynamic Disturbances Better than Amyelinates -- 7. Do Milliseconds Matter? -- 8. Ecology of Myelin -- 8.1. Myelinates Dominate over Amyelinates in Marine Environments with High Visibility -- 8.2. Myelin is Correlated with Niche Separation between Co-Occurring Myelinate and Amyelinate Species -- 9. Invasion of the Pelagic Environment and Evolution of Myelin -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 10 -- Evasion from Predation: Understanding Copepod Escape Behavior in Relation to Predator Capture Strategies -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Detection of Predators -- 3. Generation of an Escape Jump -- 4. Non-Visual Predators -- 5. Visual Predators -- 6. Effect of Water Motion -- 7. Effect of Temperature and Viscosity -- Conclusion -- Funding -- References -- Chapter 11 -- Chemosensation and a Potential Neuronal Mechanism of Ratio Detection in a Copepod -- Abstract -- Abbreviations -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Observations of Temora longicornis -- 3. The Spiking Neuron Model for ratio detection -- 4. Synaptic Weight selection -- 5. Results -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 12 -- Planktonic Calanoids Embark into the "Omics Era" -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Techniques -- 2.1. RT-qPCR -- 2.2. Microarray -- 2.3. EST and SSH -- 2.4. RNA-Seq and De Novo Assembly of Transcriptomes -- 3. The Target Species -- 4. Gene Expression Approach -- 4.1. RT-qPCR-Based Works -- 4.2. Microarrays and EST Libraries -- 4.3. RNA-Seq -- 5. Metabolomics and Proteomics -- 6. Genome Up-Dates -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Reviewers' List -- About the Editor -- Index -- Blank Page.