Note: Front Cover -- Effects of Gaseous Air Pollution in Agriculture and Horticulture -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Preface -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- Part I: Defining the Polluted Environment -- CHAPTER 1. AIR POLLUTANTS IN AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE -- Introduction -- Pollutant-gas concentrations -- Cyclic variations in concentrations of pollutant gases -- Statistical description of pollutant-gas concentrations -- Extreme-value statistics -- Classification of sites -- Pollutant dose -- Acknowledgements -- References -- CHAPTER 2. BIOLOGICAL INDICATORS OF AIR POLLUTION -- Introduction -- Monitoring of biological effects of air pollutants by the use of plants as indicators and/or accumulators -- Example of a national monitoring network for air-pollution effects -- Possible international programmes for monitoring networks for air-pollution effects on plants -- Discussion and conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- CHAPTER 3. EXPOSURE TO GASEOUS POLLUTANTS AND UPTAKE BY PLANTS -- Introduction -- Designs of exposure systems -- Analysis of pollutant uptake by leaves and canopies -- Analysis of the environment of exposure chambers -- Heat balance in exposure chambers -- Conclusion -- References -- Part II: Physiological and Biochemical Responses to Pollutants -- CHAPTER 4. EFFECTS OF SULPHUR DIOXIDE ON PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESSES IN PLANTS -- Introduction -- Responses of stornata and transpiration -- Action on respiration -- Action on photosynthesis -- Mechanisms for tolerance or recovery -- Acknowledgement -- References -- CHAPTER 5. OXIDES OF NITROGEN AND THE GREENHOUSE ATMOSPHERE -- Introduction -- Entry of NOx into leaves -- Symptoms of NOx damage -- Factors influencing the degree of NOx damage -- Control measures -- Acknowledgment -- References -- CHAPTER 6. VARIATION IN PLANT RESPONSE TO OZONE: A CONCEPTUAL MODEL OF PHYSIOLOGICAL EVENTS. , Introduction -- Leaf conductance -- Perturbation -- Homeostasis -- Injury -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgment -- References -- CHAPTER 7. PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES OF PLANTS TO FLUORINE -- Introduction -- Uptake and accumulation of fluoride -- Localization and form of fluoride in plants -- Role of fluoride in transport -- Effects of fluoride on respiration -- Effects of fluoride on photosynthesis -- Effects of fluoride on growth and development -- Conclusion -- References -- CHAPTER 8. EFFECTS OF SO2 AND NO2 ON METABOLIC FUNCTION -- The problem(s) -- Biochemical investigations of effects of SO2 and NO2 -- Where next? -- Acknowledgement -- References -- CHAPTER 9. EFFECTS OF OXIDANTS ON METABOLIC FUNCTION -- Introduction -- Ozone -- Peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) -- Summary and conclusions -- Acknowledgement -- References -- Part Ill: Air Pollutants and the Growth and Quality of Crops -- CHAPTER 10. EFFECTS OF AIR POLLUTANTS ON FLOWERING AND FRUITING -- Introduction -- Fluorides -- Sulphur dioxide -- Ozone -- Conclusion -- References -- CHAPTER 11. SULPHUR DIOXIDE AND THE GROWTH OF GRASSES -- Introduction -- The effects of urban air pollution on grass growth -- S02 fumigation experiments -- The effect of sward formation on S02 injury -- Modification of chronic injury by environmental conditions -- Growth reductions in ambient air in relation to fumigation experiments -- Mechanisms of chronic SO2 effects on growth -- Conclusions -- References -- CHAPTER 12. EFFECTS OF SULPHUR DIOXIDE ON THE GROWTH AND YIELD OF AGRICULTURAL AND HORTICULTURAL CROPS -- Introduction -- Effects of ambient SO2 in the field -- Field experiments with ambient SO2 and standardized soils -- Field fumigation experiments -- Effects of SO2 in enclosed environments -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgement -- References -- CHAPTER 13. THE EFFECTS OF FLUORIDES ON PLANT GROWTH AND FORAGE QUALITY. , Introduction -- Uptake and sorption of fluoride: the effects on forage quality -- Effects on growth -- Interactions between fluorides, pests, pathogens and other pollutants -- References -- CHAPTER 14. OZONE AND THE GROWTH AND PRODUCTIVITY OF AGRICULTURAL CROPS -- Introduction -- Analysis of recent field experimental data -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgement -- References -- Part IV: Interactions -- CHAPTER 15. AIR POLLUTANT INTERACTIONS IN MIXTURES -- Introduction -- Air pollution mixtures in the atmosphere -- Experimental design and analysis -- Responses to pollutant mixtures -- Modes of action -- Research needs -- References -- CHAPTER 16. INTERACTIONS BETWEEN AIR POLLUTANTS AND PARASITIC PLANT DISEASES -- Introduction -- Effects of SO2 on parasitism -- Effects of ozone on parasitism -- Effects of hydrogen fluoride on parasitism -- Effects of 'acid rain' on parasitism -- Effects of parasitism on injury caused by pollutants -- Concluding remarks -- References -- CHAPTER 17. MINERAL NUTRITION AND PLANT RESPONSE TO AIR POLLUTANTS -- Introduction -- Mineral nutrition and fertilizer practice -- Mineral nutrition and sensitivity of plants to air pollutants -- Role of air pollutants in plant nutrition -- Uptake of pollutants and mineral nutrition -- References -- Part V: Pollution in Perspective -- CHAPTER 18. EVOLUTION OF RESISTANCE TO GASEOUS AIR POLLUTANTS -- Introduction -- Theory: should evolution of resistance occur? -- Evidence: cases of evolution of resistance -- Significance of evolutionary responses to air pollutants -- Problems -- Conclusions and summary -- References -- CHAPTER 19. FUTURE DIRECTIONS IN AIR POLLUTION RESEARCH -- Introduction -- Air pollution research-a systems approach -- Research approach -- Effects of other external factors -- Response of plants -- Future research direction: priorities and management -- References. , CHAPTER 20. TOWARDS AN UNDERSTANDING OF PLANT RESPONSES TO POLLUTANTS -- Perspective -- End-of-term report -- Defining the polluted atmosphere -- Physiological and biochemical responses to pollutants -- Air pollutants and the growth and quality of crops -- The future -- References -- Part VI: Poster Session Abstracts -- CHAPTER 21. CONCENTRATIONS OF SULPHUR DIOXIDE, OXIDES OF NITROGEN AND OZONE IN AIR AT RURAL SITES IN GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND -- References -- CHAPTER 22. A NEW METHOD FOR EXPOSURE OF FIELD CROPS TO SULPHUR DIOXIDE -- Acknowledgement -- CHAPTER 23. DESIGN OF PLANT EXPOSURE RIG TO MEASURE PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES TO NOXIOUS GASES FROM COMBUSTION SOURCES -- CHAPTER 24. AN EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN FOR STUDYING THE EFFECTS OF FLUCTUATING CONCENTRATIONS OF SO2 ON PLANTS -- CHAPTER 25. EFFECTIVE POLLUTANT DOSE -- Acknowledgement -- Reference -- CHAPTER 26. DEPOSITION OF NITROGEN OXIDES TO SCOTS PINE (PINUS SYLVESTRIS L.) -- CHAPTER 27. A QUANTITATIVE STUDY OF THE FATE OF SULPHUR DIOXIDE DEPOSITED ON TO PLANTS -- Acknowledgement -- CHAPTER 28. THE SULPHUR BALANCE OF AN AGRICULTURAL CATCHMENT -- CHAPTER 29. LEACHING OF PLANT NUTRIENTS BY RAIN -- CHAPTER 30. LOSS OF FLUORIDES FROM GRASS SWARDS AND OTHER SURFACES -- Reference -- CHAPTER 31. THE USE OF INDICATOR PLANTS FOR PHOTOCHEMICAL OXIDANTS IN DENMARK -- Reference -- CHAPTER 32. ACUTE AND SUBACUTE DAMAGE TO VEGETATION BY AMMONIA FOLLOWING ACCIDENTAL POLLUTION -- Reference -- CHAPTER 33. OZONE INJURY TO WHITE BEAN (PHASEOLUS VULGARIS L.) IN SOUTHWESTERN ONTARIO, CANADA: CORRELATION WITH OZONE DOSE, PAN EVAPORATION, PLANT MATURITY AND RAINFALL -- Reference -- CHAPTER 34. RECENT RESEARCH ON RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN AIR POLLUTION AND PLANTS IN CHINA -- Effects of phytotoxic air pollutants on plants -- Resistance or susceptibility of plants to air pollutants. , Selection of trees resistant to air pollutants for industrial areas -- Using plants as indicators of air pollution -- The role of metropolitan trees in protecting and improving the environment -- Absorption, accumulation and translocation of air pollutants in plants and ecosystems -- References -- CHAPTER 35. THE RELATIVE SENSITIVITIES OF CONIFER POPULATIONS TO SO2 IN SCREENING TESTS WITH DIFFERENT CONCENTRATIONS OF SULPHUR DIOXIDE -- CHAPTER 36. STUDIES OF FLUORIDE POLLUTION IMPACT ON CONIFEROUS FORESTS -- Relationship between fluoride concentration and forest growth -- Relationship between precipitation and fluoride accumulation -- References -- CHAPTER 37. SELECTION OF PLANTS RESISTANT, ABSORPTIVE AND SENSITIVE TO AIR POLLUTANTS -- INFLUENCE OF AERIAL POLLUTION ON CROP GROWTHAND YIELD -- CHAPTER 38. FIELD TRIALS AND OPEN-TOP CHAMBER STUDIES OF THE INFLUENCE OF SULPHUR DIOXIDE ON THE GROWTH OF RYEGRASS -- CHAPTER 39. OZONE EFFECTS ON POLLEN-TUBE GROWTH IN VIVO AND IN VITRO -- CHAPTER 40. SOME EFFECTS OF LOW CONCENTRATIONS OF SO2 AND/OR NO2 ON THE GROWTH OF GRASSES AND POPLAR -- Acknowledgement -- Reference -- CHAPTER 41. AN INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECTS OF FLUORIDE ON SELECTED MOSS SPECIES -- CHAPTER 42. THE INFLUENCE OF ELEVATED ATMOSPHERIC CO2 AND SO2 ON THE GROWTH AND PHOTOSYNTHESIS OF EARLY SUCCESSIONAL SPECIES -- Results -- Acknowledgement -- CHAPTER 43. INJURIOUS EFFECTS OF LOW CONCENTRATIONS OF SO2 AND O3 ON THE LEAF SURFACES AND STOMATAL CONDUCTANCES OF FIELD BEAN -- CHAPTER 44. EFFECTS OF OZONE AND OZONE/SULPHUR DIOXIDE ON THE GAS EXCHANGE OF VICIA FABA L. -- Acknowledgement -- References -- CHAPTER 45. EFFECTS OF OZONE AND SULPHUR DIOXIDE ON SOYBEANS -- Reference -- CHAPTER 46. COMBINED EFFECTS OF SALT (NaCl) AND AIR POLLUTION (SO2) STRESS ON CUCUMIS PLANTS -- References. , CHAPTER 47. EFFECTS OF H2S ON WATER-EXTRACTABLE SULPHYDRYL CONTENT OF CROP PLANTS.

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