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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of GABA Receptor ρ Subunits in Rat Brain (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 70 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: The GABA receptor ρ1, ρ2, and ρ3 subunits are expressed in the retina where they form bicuculline-insensitive GABAC receptors. We used northern blot, in situ hybridization, and RT-PCR analysis to study the expression of ρ subunits in rat brains. In situ hybridization allowed us to detect ρ-subunit expression in the superficial gray layer of the superior colliculus and in the cerebellar Purkinje cells. RT-PCR experiments indicated that (a) in retina and in domains that may contain functional GABAC receptors, ρ2 and ρ1 subunits are expressed at similar levels; and (b) in domains and in tissues that are unlikely to contain GABAC receptors, ρ2 mRNA is enriched relative to ρ1 mRNA. These results suggest that both ρ1 and ρ2 subunits are necessary to form a functional GABAC receptor. The use of RT-PCR also showed that, except in the superior colliculus, ρ3 is expressed along with ρ1 and ρ2 subunits. We also raised an antibody against a peptide sequence unique to the ρ1 subunit. The use of this antibody on cerebellum revealed the rat ρ1 subunit in the soma and dendrites of Purkinje neurons. The allocation of GABAC receptor subunits to identified neurons paves the way for future electrophysiological studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.1998.70030899.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plasticity in Expression of Immunoreactivity for Neuropeptide Y, Enkephalins and Neurotensin in the Hypothalamic Tubero-lnfundibular Dopaminergic System during Lactation in Mice (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neuroendocrinology 5 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2826
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In lactating nursing vs lactating pup-deprived mice, single or multiple immunolabeling was performed to compare immunoreactivities (ir) for neuropeptide Y (NPY), enkephalins (ENK) and neurotensin (NT) in the tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-ir hypothalamic tubero-infundibular dopaminergic (TIDA) system. NPY-, ENK- and NT-irs were intensely expressed and coexisted in virtually all TH-ir endings in the median eminence (ME) of nursing mice. Removal of the pups induced a marked depletion of the peptide-irs from the ME TH-ir endings. In the arcuate nucleus (ARC) of colchicine-treated nursing mice which received peripheral injections of Fluoro-Gold (FG) to retrogradely label neuroendocrine cells, virtually all dorsal A12 TH-ir perikarya simultaneously expressed, with individual variations, NPY-, ENK- and NT-irs, and all contained FG. These results suggest that the synthesis of NPY, ENK and NT is enhanced in TIDA neurons during lactation and that these neuromessengers may be co-released together with DA from the ME to regulate the suckling-induced prolactin secretion at the hypothalamic and/or pituitary levels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2826.1993.tb00528.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neuropeptide FF in the Rat Adrenal Gland: Presence, Distribution and Pharmacological Effects (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd, UK
    Journal of neuroendocrinology 10 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2826
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Neuropeptide FF (NPFF, FLFQPQRFamide) is an FMRFamide-like octapeptide exhibiting antiopiate activity. The presence of both NPFF-immunoreactivity (NPFF-IR) and NPFF-specific receptors has been described in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS). The peripheral effects of NPFF indicate that NPFF-IR material is present outside the CNS. Biochemical and immunohistochemical methods enabled us to determine the presence and distribution of NPFF-IR in the rat adrenal gland. The amount of NPFF-IR material in whole gland was estimated by radioimmunoassay to be 19.00±4.00 fmol/gland. High performance liquid chromatography analysis of adrenal extracts revealed a single molecular form which coeluted with authentic NPFF. Demedullation decreased adrenal NPFF-IR content, indicating that NPFF-IR was present in both cortex and medulla. Light microscopy revealed NPFF-IR in beaded fibers confined in the outer part of the cortex and in medullary cells. Double-labeling with antityrosine-hydroxylase and anti-NPFF antibodies showed NPFF-IR in cortical catecholaminergic postganglionic fibers restricted to the subcapsular and glomerulosa zonae. NPFF-IR was also located in medullary chromaffin cells and in rays and islets of chromaffin cells dispersed throughout the cortex. Insulin-induced hypoglycemia did not alter NPFF-IR content. Denervation lowered adrenal NPFF-IR content. These data indicate that this peptide is present in nerve fibers of extrinsic origin. In vitro approaches using adrenal slices have shown that NPFF inhibited aldosterone release in a dose-dependent manner. Taken together, these data suggest that NPFF may participate in the control of aldosterone production and adrenal blood supply.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2826.1998.00241.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Suckling-Induced Fos-Immunoreactivity in Subgroups of Hypothalamic POMC Neurons of the Lactating Rat: Investigation of a Role for Prolactin[This study] (1996)
    Oxford : Blackwell Science Ltd.
    Journal of neuroendocrinology 8 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2826
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Attention has recently been focused on lactation-induced modifications of activity of neuronal populations in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) of the mediobasal hypothalamus.The ARC hosts the tubero-infundibular dopaminergic (TIDA system) responsible for the neuroendocrine control of prolactin (PRL), and other non-neuroendocrine neuronal populations, such as neuropeptide Y (NPY)- and proopiomelanocortin (POMC)-containing systems that are important modulators of hypothalamic gonadoliberin (GnRH) secretion. Our longstanding interest in the functional anatomy of the ARC led us to investigate whether the suckling stimulus would trigger an expression of Fos-ir in specific arcuate neuronal populations and to possibly characterize responsive neurons by using double-labeling immunohistochemistry. Freely nursing lactating females expressed strong Fos-ir in neurons of the ARC compared to diestrous females. Fos-ir was encountered in neurons not belonging to the TIDA system and that was for a large proportion identical to the POMCergic neurons.We showed that, in lactating females submitted to suppression of the suckling stimulus by removal of the pups, the pattern of expression of Fos-ir is similar to that seen in diestrous females and that, a pattern of expression of Fos-ir indistinguishable from that observed during free lactation is reinstated a short time after the return of the pups and restoration of the suckling stimulus, suggesting that this expression of Fos-ir strictly depends upon the presence of the newborns and the suckling stimulus. By lowering circulating levels of the PRL with bromocryptine-or PRL antiserum-treatment, we noticed a decrease in the number of (β-endorphin+Fos)-ir neurons compared to non-injected freely nursing lactating females. By maintaining high levels of circulating PRL with haloperidol-treatment, we observed a number of colocalizations close to that observed in freely nursing lactating females. Our results suggest that during lactation a rostral subgroup of the arcuate POMCergic neuronal population is activated at least partially in response to the suckling-induced secretion of PRL and that this activation participates in maintaining the endocrine and/or metabolic demands of the lactational status.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2826.1996.04676.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sexual Dimorphism in the Distribution of a-Neoendorphin-Like Immunoreactivity in the Anterior Pituitary of the Rat (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neuroendocrinology 5 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2826
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The localization of the opioid peptide α-neoendorphin (α-Neo-E) was studied in the anterior pituitary of normal and castrated male and normal female rats, Immunoreactive (ir) cells were noted in both sexes. These α-Neo-E-ir cells were further characterized using double immunostaining with an elution-restaining procedure. It was seen that in males, α-Neo-E-ir cells corresponded mainly to luteinizing hormone/follicle-stimulating hormone cells and a few thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) cells, whereas in females, virtually all α-Neo-E-ir cells corresponded to TSH cells.Castration of male rats caused, within 3 to 5 days, a dramatic decrease in the number of α-Neo-E-ir gonadotrophs, whereas the number of a-Neo-E-ir TSH cells tended to increase. Two weeks after castration, however, most α-Neo-E-ir cells were also follicle-stimulating hormone-ir.This study demonstrates that in the anterior lobe of the rat, α-Neo-E-ir is located within gonadotrophs and/or thyrotrophs, depending on the sex. In addition, results obtained following castration suggest that the expression of this peptide in the anterior pituitary depends upon the steroid environment, possibly indicating that α-Neo-E is implicated in the regulation of the pituitary-gonadal axis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2826.1993.tb00488.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differential learning-stage dependent patterns of c-Fos protein expression in brain regions during the acquisition and memory consolidation of an operant task in mice (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 12 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The present study analysed the effects of the stage of learning of an appetitive operant conditioning task on the spatial and temporal patterns of c-Fos protein levels in the brain of BALB/c mice. c-Fos levels were assessed by immunohistochemistry at either 60, 120 or 180 min after either the first, the second or the fifth daily training session and compared to sham animals. The results show an increase of c-Fos-positive nuclei in several subcortical and cortical brain regions, 60-min post-acquisition. Because these activations were a function of task mastery, the data indicate that they were specifically related to learning. Following the first acquisition session, significant increases in c-Fos-positive neurons were observed in the dorsal hippocampus (CA3), anterior cingulate, occipital and parietal cortices. Following the second daily training session, c-Fos was highly expressed in some subcortical regions, the hippocampus, the subiculum, the entorhinal, and posterior cingulate areas. Moreover, a significant correlation was found between the progression of performance from day 1 to day 2 and c-Fos expression on the hippocampal CA1 subfield. Following complete acquisition, no further task-dependent increases in c-Fos-labelled nuclei was observed in any brain region sampled, suggesting that the intervention of c-Fos-induced mechanisms in the consolidation process were terminated. The training stage-dependent changes in regional post-training c-Fos expression in the hippocampus and the connected limbic regions suggest that this neuronal network is actively engaged in memory consolidation processes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1460-9568.2000.00258.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    cDNA cloning and expression of a γ-aminobutyric acidA receptor ε-subunit in rat brain (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 12 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A cDNA encoding a GABAA receptor subunit was isolated from rat brain. The predicted protein is 70% identical to the human ε-subunit. It was recently reported [Sinkkonen et al. (2000), J. Neurosci., 20, 3588–3595] that the rodent ε-subunit mRNA encoded an additional sequence (≈400 residues). We provide evidence that human and rat ε-subunit are similar in size. The distribution of cells expressing the GABAAε-subunit was examined in the rat brain. In situ hybridization histochemistry revealed that ε-subunit mRNA is expressed by neurons located in septal and preoptic areas, as well as in various hypothalamic nuclei, including paraventricular, arcuate, dorsomedial and medial tuberal nuclei. The mRNA was also detected in major neuronal groups with broad-range influence, such as the cholinergic (basal nucleus), dopaminergic (substantia nigra compacta), serotonergic (raphe nuclei), and noradrenergic (locus coeruleus) systems. Immunohistochemistry using an affinity-purified antiserum directed towards the N-terminal sequence unique to the rat ε-subunit revealed the presence of ε-subunit immunoreactivity over the somatodendritic domain of neurons with a distribution closely matching that of mRNA-expressing cells. Moreover, using in situ hybridization, α3, θ and ε GABAA subunit mRNAs were all detected with an overlapping distribution in neurons of the dorsal raphe and the locus coeruleus. Our results suggest that novel GABAA receptors may regulate, neuroendocrine and modulatory systems in the brain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9568.2000.01343.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of feeding on Fos protein expression in sheep hypothalamus with special reference to the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei: an immunohistochemical study (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 12 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The hypothalamus plays an important role in the control of food intake in different species, but there is little relevant information for ruminants like sheep. In order to study the putative role of several hypothalamic nuclei in food intake in sheep, Fos expression, a marker of cellular activity, was compared by immunohistochemistry between fed and unfed ewes. The expression of Fos protein was stimulated in the supraoptic nucleus of fed ewes, whereas it was increased in the paraventricular nucleus of unfed animals. In the latter nucleus, Fos immunoreactivity was mainly localized close to the third ventricle, an area corresponding to the parvocellular system of the nucleus, but never in the magnocellular system. In the paraventricular nucleus, the number of corticotrophin releasing factor-immunoreactive neurons and the number of Fos/corticotrophin releasing factor double-labelled neurons were not affected by feeding or lack of feeding. The number of Fos-immunoreactive neurons was higher in the lateral septum, the infundibular, the ventromedial and in the dorsomedial nuclei of unfed ewes than in those of fed ewes. Our results show for the first time that the dorsomedial and ventromedial nuclei are involved in the control of feeding in sheep as in rodents. The supraoptic nucleus of sheep is activated by the same conditions as in rodents but, conversely, the paraventricular nucleus is activated in unfed sheep, whereas in rodents and primates, this nucleus is activated by satiety as well as by fasting. In sheep, unlike in rodents, corticotrophin releasing factor did not appear to be involved in short-term regulation of food intake.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9568.2000.01338.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Selective toxicity of ochratoxin A in primary cultures from different brain regions (1999)
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 73 (1999), S. 108-114 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Key words Ochratoxin A ; Selective cytoxicity ; Primary cultures ; Rat brain
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a mycotoxin produced by moulds from the Aspergillus and Penicillium genera. It is a natural contaminant of a wide variety of both human and animal foodstuffs. Via dietary intake, OTA passes into the blood of both humans and animals and accumulates in several organs, such as the kidney and the brain with selective toxicity in the ventral mesencephalon and in the cerebellum. In order to confirm the regional selectivity to OTA cytotoxicity in rat brain, investigations were designed to study the mechanism of the cytotoxicity of OTA in primary cultures of the above-mentioned structures (ventral mesencephalon and cerebellum), and to compare their sensitivity to the toxin. Protein and DNA synthases, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release and production of malondialdehyde (MDA) were assayed in astrocytes and neurones of the selected structures in the presence of OTA. After 48 h incubation, OTA (10–150 μM) induced an inhibition of protein and DNA syntheses in a concentration-dependent manner with a selective higher toxicity in the cells of the ventral mesencephalon [50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of protein and DNA syntheses were 14 ± 2 μM for neurones and 40 ± 5 μM for astrocytes] compared to the cerebellum values (24 ± 7 μM for neurones and 69 ± 9 μM for astrocytes). In parallel, a significant increase in levels of MDA and LDH release were noted. Altogether these results indicate that OTA is also a neurotoxic substance in addition to its well-documented nephrotoxicity and that the effects are likely to be restricted within particular structures of the brain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002040050594
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Localization of CRF-immunoreactive neurons in the cat medulla oblongata: their presence in the inferior olive (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 251 (1988), S. 137-143 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) ; Medulla oblongata ; Inferior olive ; Immunohistochemistry ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Corticotropin releasing factor (CRF)-immunoreactive (IR) perikarya, visualized by the indirect immunoperoxidase method in colchicine-pretreated cats, were localized in many discrete regions of the medulla oblongata. They were found mainly in the dorsal aspect and midline of the medulla oblongata, and more rostrally in the ventrolateral portion. Our results also demonstrated CRF-IR neurons in the rostrocaudal extent of the inferior olive, probably projecting to the cerebellar cortex via thick axons visualized along the lateral edge of the medulla. CRF-IR olivary cells were also found in the pontine cat from which the forebrain was removed, but neither in hypophysectomized nor adrenalectomized cats.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00215458
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