Publication Date:
2024-04-09
Description:
During extensive surveys of global Phytophthora diversity 14 new species detected in natural ecosystems
in Chile, Indonesia, USA(Louisiana), Sweden, Ukraine and Vietnam were assigned to Phytophthora major Clade 10
based on a multigene phylogeny of nine nuclear and three mitochondrial gene regions. Clade 10 now comprises three
subclades. Subclades 10a and 10b contain species with nonpapillate sporangia, a range of breeding systems and a
mainly soil- and waterborne lifestyle. These include the previously described P. afrocarpa, P. gallica and P. intercalaris
and eight of the new species: P. ludoviciana, P. procera, P. pseudogallica, P. scandinavica, P. subarctica, P. tenuimura, P. tonkinensis and P. ukrainensis. In contrast, all species in Subclade 10c have papillate sporangia and are
self-fertile (or homothallic) with an aerial lifestyle including the known P. boehmeriae, P. gondwanensis, P. kernoviae
and P. morindae and the new species P. celebensis, P. chilensis, P. javanensis, P. multiglobulosa, P. pseudochilensis
and P. pseudokernoviae. All new Phytophthora species differed from each other and from related species by their
unique combinations of morphological characters, breeding systems, cardinal temperatures and growth rates. The
biogeography and evolutionary history of Clade 10 are discussed. We propose that the three subclades originated
via the early divergence of pre-Gondwanan ancestors 〉 175 Mya into water- and soilborne and aerially dispersed
lineages and subsequently underwent multiple allopatric and sympatric radiations during their global spread.
Keywords:
Ecology
;
Evolution
;
Behavior and Systematics
;
allopatric
;
biogeography
;
evolution
;
Gondwana
;
Laurasia
;
oomycete
;
phylogeny
;
radiation
;
sympatric
Repository Name:
National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
Type:
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Format:
application/pdf
Permalink
