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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Clinical and microbiological investigation of women with acute salpingitis and their consorts (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    BJOG 94 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1987.tb02375.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Grass cells ingested by ruminants undergo autolysis which differs from senescence: implications for grass breeding targets and livestock production (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 25 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: It is widely believed that the initial degradation of proteins contained in grazed forage is mediated by rumen micro-organisms, but the authors’ recent work suggests that the plant cells themselves contribute to their own demise. In the present study the responses of Lolium perenne leaves to the rumen environment were investigated by using an in vitro system which simulates the main stresses of the rumen but from which rumen micro-organisms were excluded. Degradation of leaf protein and the accumulation of amino acids in tissue and bathing medium occurred over a time-scale that is relevant to rumen function, and in a near 1 : 1 ratio. Significant loss of nuclear material was observed after 6 h incubation and chloroplasts became morphologically more spherical as the incubation progressed. In situ localization suggested that ribulose 1,5 bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase was broken down within chloroplasts which from cytology were judged to be intact. We conclude from these data that plant metabolism may play a significant role in breaking down plant proteins within relatively intact organelles in the rumen. The determinations of chlorophyll content and cell viability revealed that the plant processes occurring in the simulated rumen were similar but not identical to those of natural senescence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3040.2002.00908.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The role of the abaxial leaf surface waxes of Lolium spp. in resistance to Erysiphe graminis (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant pathology 39 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Field and glasshouse observations of Lolium spp. grasses indicated that the lower, abaxial, leaf surface was rarely infected by powdery mildew (Erysiphe graminis) even when the upper, adaxial, surface was densely colonized. Experiments showed that conidia of two strains of E. graminis, one from Lolium and one from Avena, germinated equally well on both surfaces of Lolium and Avena leaves, but that the subsequent growth and development of germlings was impaired on the lower surface of Lolium leaves, so that most formed only multiple short germ tubes or an abnormal long tube, and only c. 25% or fewer formed infection structures. This contributes to the apparent resistance of the lower Lolium leaf surface to powdery mildew and may help to explain why the disease is relatively unimportant in UK ryegrass crops, since infection structures develop at a high frequency on only 50% of the leaf area, i.e. the upper surface. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the epicuticular waxes on the lower Lolium leaf surface form amorphous sheets. This contrasts with the crystalline plate waxes seen on the upper surface of Lolium leaves and on both surfaces of oat leaves. However, when the lower Lolium leaf surface was washed with chloroform to remove epicuticular wax, normal germling and infection structure development was obtained on the wax-free surface. This suggests that the sheet waxes prevent the pathogen gaining access to features of the cuticular membrane which trigger normal germling development.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.1990.tb02536.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Normal germling development by Erysiphe graminis on cereal leaves freed of epicuticular wax (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant pathology 39 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that recognition of the physical structure of epicuticular leaf waxes by Erysiphe graminis may be important to the development of normal germlings and the formation of functional appressoria. Comparisons of germination rates and characteristics of germling development by E. graminis f.sp. avenae, and in one experiment by f.sp. hordei, were made between intact cereal leaves and leaves from which the epicuticular waxes had been stripped away.Overall, fungal development was very similar on intact and wax-free leaves: although germination rates were slightly, but significantly, lower, and lengths of appressorial germ tubes slightly greater, on stripped than intact leaves, a very similar proportion of germlings formed apparently normal appressoria in both cases. This was true for f.sp. avenae on first- and fifth-formed leaves of susceptible and adult plant resistant oats, and on barley and wheat first leaves, and for f.sp. hordei on first leaves of barley, oat and wheat. The appressoria formed on stripped leaves not only appeared normal, but also formed haustoria with at least the same frequency as on intact leaves; in several experiments, a higher proportion formed haustoria in stripped than intact leaves. Wax removal did not affect the adult plant resistance of oat cv. Maldwyn, which limits haustorium formation by appressoria, indicating that epicuticular wax was not involved in this resistance. It is concluded that the physical structure of epicuticular wax is not involved in the recognition processes leading to normal germling development.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.1990.tb02513.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rose mosaic disease: symptoms induced in roses by graft inoculation with both prunus necrotic ringspot and apple mosaic viruses (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant pathology 33 (1984), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Symptoms induced in rose by single isolates of the cherry serotype of prunus necrotic ringspot virus (PNRSV) and an apple serotype (apple mosaic virus; ApMV) were characteristically different, and appeared at different times throughout the growing season according to the ambient temperature. These features remained discrete, even in roses infected by both viruses and were shown by immunospecific electron microscopy to be a reliable indication of infection by either virus.However, cross-protection between the two isolates was not reciprocal; mixed infections were established only when roses were simultaneously graft-inoculated with ApMV and PNRSV, or when PNRSV-infected roses were supei-infected with ApMV. The significance of these results in relation to the possible natural occurrence of mixed infections in rose or of isolates of intermediate serotype is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.1984.tb02635.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Infection of ryegrass by three rust fungi (Puccinia coronata, P. graminis and P. loliina) and some effects of temperature on the establishment of the disease and sporulation (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Plant pathology 46 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Experiments were conducted to examine the processes leading up to the infection of Lolium temulentum by crown rust (Puccinia coronata), stem rust (P. graminis) and brown rust (P. loliina), and the effects of temperature on these processes and sporulation. Uredia of all three rusts were produced freely if the adaxial leaf surface was inoculated, but did not form following inoculation of the abaxial surface. Light and scanning electron microscopy revealed abnormal growth of germlings on the abaxial surface which had amorphous sheet-like epicuticular waxes and very few stomata. On the adaxial leaf surface germ tubes of all the rusts orientated at right angles to the long axis of the leaf. However, the directional growth of germ tubes was often disrupted when they contacted the surface of bulliform cells at the base of leaf grooves. For P. loliina the optimum temperatures for urediospore germination and sub-stomatal vesicle formation were 12–16°C, and 8–20°C for appressorium formation. The optimum temperatures, for the same stages of fungal development, for P. coronata and P. graminis were higher. Urediospore production of P. loliina was higher at 10°C than at 25°C, but was similar at both temperatures for P. coronata.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3059.1997.d01-69.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube Coatings Using Electrophoretic Deposition (EPD) (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Inc
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 88 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A method based on electrophoretic deposition (EPD) has been developed to produce uniform deposits of multi-walled carbon nanotubes on stainless-steel substrates. Aqueous suspensions were used under constant voltage conditions in the range of 5–50 V, with deposition times ranging from 0.5 to 10 min. The thickness of the coatings was controlled by variation of voltage and deposition time during EPD. Coatings of up to 10 μm thickness were achieved, with a homogeneous microstructure. The EPD technique is fast, effective, and can be applied to complex shapes. Possible applications are in heat extraction devices or porous coatings for tissue engineering scaffolds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1551-2916.2005.00155.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Australian isolates of ryegrass mosaic rymovirus and their relationships (1999)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 144 (1999), S. 309-316 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary.  The sequences of the 3′-terminal 1.8 kb of the genomes of three Australian and three Welsh isolates of ryegrass mosaic rymovirus (RGMV) were determined, as too were the virion protein genes of two New Zealand isolates of RGMV. They were compared with each other and with the published sequences of a Danish and a South African isolate by distance and maximum likelihood methods, and found to be very closely related (mean nucleotide difference 5.5%). All three Australian isolates and one from North Island of New Zealand formed one consistent cluster, and the Danish and South African isolates formed another. However the relationships between these two clusters and the other isolates were not consistent; they depended on the method of comparison used, and on the protein, gene or codon position compared. Nonetheless the European (Welsh and Danish) sequences were 2–4 times more different from one another than those from the Antipodes, suggesting that the European RGMV population may be older than the Antipodean. The Danish isolate has 39 nucleotides of the 5′-terminal region of its virion protein gene frameshifted -1 relative to the ‘common’ sequence. Interestingly the South African isolate has a similar frameshift, but sequence comparisons indicate that this frameshift must have occurred independently; a possible example of ‘convergent frameshifting’.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007050050505
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of low-dose ultrasonic treatment on phystological variables inAnabaena flos-aquae andSelenastrum capricornutum (1990)
    Springer
    Biotechnology letters 12 (1990), S. 219-224 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6776
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary Cell protein content in two species of cultured algaeAnabaena flos-aquae andSelenastrum capricornutum, was markedly enhanced by low-dose, short-duration ultrasonic treatment. Chlorophylla levels and14C-bicarbonate uptake rates were not affected by ultrasonic treatment in either species. Ultrasonically-activatedAnabaena cultures placed in media deficient in nitrogen and phosphorus produced more biomass per unit time, exhibited less cell-surface alkaline phosphatase activity per cell, and had a higher heterocyst frequency than non-sonicated, nutrient-deficient cultures. In contrast, sonicated, nutrient-deficientSelenastrum cultures grew more slowly and had higher alkaline phosphatase activity than non-sonicated variants. Collectively, the data suggest that key metabolic variables may be altered by ultrasonic treatment in algal cultures and that the magnitude and direction of change may be species-specific.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01026803
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bioelectrical impedance for monitoring the efficacy of lymphoedema treatment programmes (1996)
    Springer
    Breast cancer research and treatment 38 (1996), S. 169-176 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7217
    Keywords: lymphoedema ; bioimpedance monitoring ; treatment ; post-mastectomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The treatment of lymphoedema includes a combination of massage, compression bandaging, and exercise. To date the most common technique of assessing the efficacy of treatment has involved estimating the total limb volume from circumferential measurements at fixed intervals along the limb. This study investigated the application of multiple frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis, MFBIA, to monitor the volume of lymphoedema in the upper limb of patients who developed this disorder following surgery for cancer of the breast. Daily measurements of both circumference and impedance of both the affected and unaffected limbs were recorded for 20 patients throughout their 4 week treatment programmes. Twenty control subjects were also monitored daily over a similar 4 week period. Prior to the commencement of treatment the bioimpedance technique detected a significant (P 〈 0.01) asymmetry between the two limbs of the control subjects, associated with handedness (P 〈 0.001). Circumferential estimates of limb volumes in the control group detected no asymmetry. Impedance measures of extracellular fluid showed all of the patients to lie outside the 95% confidence interval determined from the data of the control group. The trends of the impedance measures and the circumferential estimates of volume throughout the 4 week program were found to be significantly different (P 〈 0.05); MFBIA exhibiting a greater sensitivity in the detection of lymphoedema. The results demonstrate that MFBIA is significantly more sensitive than circumferential measurement both in the early diagnosis of lymphoedema and in monitoring change.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01806671
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