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  • 1
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    IODP Expedition 337, Shimokita Deep Coalbed Biosphere (2015)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Inagaki, F; Hinrichs, Kai-Uwe; Kubo, Y; Bowles, Marshall W; Heuer, Verena B; Hong, W-L; Hoshino, Tatsuhiko; Ijiri, Akira; Imachi, H; Ito, M; Kaneko, Masanori; Lever, Mark A; Lin, Yu-Shih; Methe, B A; Morita, S; Morono, Yuki; Tanikawa, Wataru; Bihan, M; Bowden, Stephen A; Elvert, Marcus; Glombitza, Clemens; Gross, D; Harrington, G J; Hori, T; Li, K; Limmer, D; Liu, Chiung-Hui; Murayama, M; Ohkouchi, Naohiko; Ono, Shuhei; Park, Young-Soo; Phillips, S C; Prieto-Mollar, Xavier; Purkey, M; Riedinger, Natascha; Sanada, Yoshinori; Sauvage, J; Snyder, Glen T; Susilawati, R; Takano, Yoshinori; Tasumi, E; Terada, Takeshi; Tomaru, Hitoshi; Trembath-Reichert, E; Wang, D T; Yamada, Y (2015): Exploring deep microbial life in coal-bearing sediment down to ~2.5 km below the ocean floor. Science, 439 (6246), 420-424, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaa6882
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-04-29
    Description: Microbial life inhabits deeply buried marine sediments, but the extent of this vast ecosystem remains poorly constrained. Here we provide evidence for the existence of microbial communities in ~40° to 60°C sediment associated with lignite coal beds at ~1.5 to 2.5 km below the seafloor in the Pacific Ocean off Japan. Microbial methanogenesis was indicated by the isotopic compositions of methane and carbon dioxide, biomarkers, cultivation data, and gas compositions. Concentrations of indigenous microbial cells below 1.5 km ranged from 〈10 to ~10**4 cells cm**-3. Peak concentrations occurred in lignite layers, where communities differed markedly from shallower subseafloor communities and instead resembled organotrophic communities in forest soils. This suggests that terrigenous sediments retain indigenous community members tens of millions of years after burial in the seabed.
    Keywords: Integrated Ocean Drilling Program / International Ocean Discovery Program; IODP
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 2 datasets
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 2
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    Metabolically active microbial communities in marine sediment under high-CO2 and low-pH extremes (2013)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  The ISME Journal, 7 . pp. 555-567.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: Sediment-hosting hydrothermal systems in the Okinawa Trough maintain a large amount of liquid, supercritical and hydrate phases of CO2 in the seabed. The emission of CO2 may critically impact the geochemical, geophysical and ecological characteristics of the deep-sea sedimentary environment. So far it remains unclear whether microbial communities that have been detected in such high-CO2 and low-pH habitats are metabolically active, and if so, what the biogeochemical and ecological consequences for the environment are. In this study, RNA-based molecular approaches and radioactive tracer-based respiration rate assays were combined to study the density, diversity and metabolic activity of microbial communities in CO2-seep sediment at the Yonaguni Knoll IV hydrothermal field of the southern Okinawa Trough. In general, the number of microbes decreased sharply with increasing sediment depth and CO2 concentration. Phylogenetic analyses of community structure using reverse-transcribed 16S ribosomal RNA showed that the active microbial community became less diverse with increasing sediment depth and CO2 concentration, indicating that microbial activity and community structure are sensitive to CO2 venting. Analyses of RNA-based pyrosequences and catalyzed reporter deposition-fluorescence in situ hybridization data revealed that members of the SEEP-SRB2 group within the Deltaproteobacteria and anaerobic methanotrophic archaea (ANME-2a and -2c) were confined to the top seafloor, and active archaea were not detected in deeper sediments (13–30 cm in depth) characterized by high CO2. Measurement of the potential sulfate reduction rate at pH conditions of 3–9 with and without methane in the headspace indicated that acidophilic sulfate reduction possibly occurs in the presence of methane, even at very low pH of 3. These results suggest that some members of the anaerobic methanotrophs and sulfate reducers can adapt to the CO2-seep sedimentary environment; however, CO2 and pH in the deep-sea sediment were found to severely impact the activity and structure of the microbial community.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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    Format: other
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    DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2012.124
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 3
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    Variety and sustainability of volcanic lakes: Response to subaqueous thermal activity predicted by a numerical model (2017)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-07-25
    Description: We use a numerical model to investigate the factors that control the presence or absence of a hot crater lake at an active volcano. We find that given a suitable pair of parameters (e.g., the enthalpy of subaqueous fumaroles and the ratio of mass flux of the fluid input at the lake bottom to lake surface area), hot crater lakes can be sustained on relatively long timescales. Neither a high rate of precipitation nor an impermeable layer beneath the lake bottom are always necessary for long-term sustainability. The two controlling parameters affect various hydrological properties of crater lakes, including temperature, chemical concentrations, and temporal variations in water levels. In the case of low-temperature crater lakes, increases in flux and enthalpy, which are a common precursor to phreatic or phreatomagmatic eruptions, result in an increase in both temperature and water level. In contrast, a decrease in water level accompanied by a rise in temperature occurs at high-temperature lakes. Furthermore, our model suggests that crater geometry is a key control on water temperature. For lakes with a conical topography, a perturbation in the water level due to trivial non-volcanic activity, such as low levels of precipitation, can cause persistent increases in water temperature and chemical concentrations, and a decrease in the water level, even though subaqueous fumarolic activity does not change. Such changes in hot crater lakes which are not caused by changes in volcanic activity resemble the volcanic unrest that precedes eruptions.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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    PAPER CURRENT
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