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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Charge collection and thermalization in a composite calorimetric and ionization x-ray detector (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 75 (1994), S. 3723-3731 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A combination calorimetric and ionization x-ray detector has been made by attaching a silicon p-i-n diode to a monolithic silicon microcalorimeter. We were able to measure a charge signal in the absence of applied bias on the diode at a temperature as low as 0.1 K, demonstrating that the junction potential is sufficient to drift the ionized charges to the contacts. A fraction of the electron-hole pairs created became trapped, as was manifested by excess broadening in the measured thermal signal. The fraction of charge trapped was determined from the variation of the thermal signal magnitude with reverse bias. The ability to collect charge without applying a bias is an encouraging result in the development of high resolution combination thermal and ionization detectors. At higher biases high resolution is precluded, but the enhancement of the thermal signal due to the work done on the ionized charges can lead to a low detection threshold. With an applied bias of −25 V, we achieved a detection threshold of 8 eV, based upon energy scaling of the 1σ value of the baseline noise distribution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.356044
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High resolution microcalorimeters as detectors for inelastic scattering (invited) : INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION (1989)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 60 (1989), S. 1557-1560 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Small thermal calorimeters operated at temperatures near 100 mK are sufficiently sensitive to detect single photons, measuring the deposited energy to accuracies approaching 1 eV. A test device has demonstrated 17-eV FWHM for 6-keV x-rays—almost an order of magnitude better than a conventional Si(Li) solid state detector. Further improvement requires the development of monolithic fabrication techniques to reduce the parasitic heat capacities introduced in assembling a discrete device. Current technology should permit the construction of a detector about 1/2 mm2 with good efficiency for 35-keV x-rays and a resolution near 25 eV. The ultimate resolution achievable in practice and the tradeoff of collecting energy for resolution depend primarily on the low-temperature specific heat of the material used to absorb the x-rays and efficiently thermalize their energy. Finding the optimum absorber is particularly important at higher photon energies. We are studying absorbers that may offer considerably improved performance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1141034
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    BBXRT observations of supernova remnants
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Advances in Space Research 13 (1993), S. 57-66 
    Details
    ISSN: 0273-1177
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0273-1177(93)90097-U
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermalization of X-rays in evaporated tin and bismuth films used as the absorbing materials in X-ray calorimeters (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of low temperature physics 93 (1993), S. 257-262 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7357
    Keywords: 82.20Rp ; 78.70-g ; 74.40+k
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We have investigated the use of evaporated tin and bismuth films as the absorbing materials in X-ray calorimeters. When the films were deposited directly on monolithic silicon calorimeters, the output signal from both Sn and Bi devices was strongly dependent on the location of the absorption event relative to the ion-implanted thermistors, presumably indicating thermistor sensitivity to a non-thermal spectrum of phonons. With Sn films we also observed that a component of the thermalization proceeded slowly, relative to a complete thermalization reference. The thermalization function could be modified by trapping magnetic flux within the film. In order to distinguish thermalization effects in the films from the thermistor sensitivity to energetic phonons, we deposited Sn and Bi films on thin Si substrates which we then affixed to calorimeters using epoxy. With glued Sn films, we were able to attain as good as 13.6 eV resolution of 6 keV X-rays with no excess broadening of the line beyond the width of the baseline, while similarly made Bi devices showed excess broadening.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00693429
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Signal processing for microcalorimeters (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of low temperature physics 93 (1993), S. 281-285 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7357
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Most of the power in the signals from microcalorimeters occurs at relatively low frequencies. At these frequencies, typical amplifiers will have significant amounts of 1/f noise. Our laboratory systems can also suffer from pickup at several harmonics of the AC power line, and from microphonic pickup at frequencies that vary with the configuration of the apparatus. We have developed some optimal signal processing techniques in order to construct the best possible estimates of our pulse heights in the presence of these non-ideal effects. In addition to a discussion of our laboratory systems, we present our plans for providing this kind of signal processing in flight experiments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00693433
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A silicon composite thermal and ionization X-ray detector (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of low temperature physics 93 (1993), S. 411-416 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7357
    Keywords: 29.40Vj ; 29.40Wk ; 07.85+n
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We have made a combination calorimetric and ionization X-ray detector by attaching a silicon p-i-n diode to a monolithic silicon microcalorimeter. Applying a bias to the diode enhanced the thermal signal, and with a reverse bias of 25 V we achieved a detection threshold of 8 eV, based upon energy scaling of the standard deviation of the baseline noise. We were able to measure a charge signal in the absence of applied bias on the diode, demonstrating that the junction potential is sufficient to drift the ionized charges to the contacts. A fraction of the electron-hole pairs created became trapped, manifested by excess broadening in the measured thermal signal and by using the variation of the thermal signal magnitude with reverse bias to fit for the fraction of charge that is trapped. The ability to collect charge without an applied bias is necessary to produce high resolution combination thermal and ionization detectors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00693453
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of microcalorimeters for high resolution X-ray spectroscopy (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of low temperature physics 93 (1993), S. 225-230 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7357
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We have been developing microcalorimeters for use in X-ray spectroscopy. These devices have very high spectral resolution (several eV) and high intrinsic quantum efficiency, making them particularly useful for astrophysical applications. Work has evolved over a 10 year period from simple proof-of-concept devices to functional arrays. An energy resolution of 7.3 eV at 6 keV has been demonstrated for the smallest absorbers used, and a resolution of ∼12 eV for devices with a pixel area of ∼1/4 mm2. Present work is focused on making 36 pixel monolithic arrays with individual pixel areas of up to ∼1 mm2. As the size of the absorbing area is increased, high spectral resolution is more difficult to achieve not only because of the increased heat capacity, but also because of problems with uniform thermalization. We have observed non-ideal effects in large absorbers that must be controlled and minimized before the fabrication of low noise, larger area microcalorimeters can be accomplished.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00693424
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Superconducting Nb-Ta-Al-AlOx-Al tunnel junctions for x-ray detection (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of low temperature physics 93 (1993), S. 605-610 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7357
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We report progress on the microlithographic fabrication of Nb-Ta-Al-AlOx-Al structures designed for x-ray detection. These structures use bandgap engineering both for quasiparticle trapping to increase the collection efficiency and to prevent quasiparticle diffusion out through the leads. Non-standard tunnel junction geometries are used to reduce the magnetic field needed to suppress the Josephson current for stable biasing. The performance of these devices as alpha particle detectors is presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00693483
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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