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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    San Diego :Elsevier Science & Technology,
    Keywords: Transgenic organisms. ; Electronic books.
    Description / Table of Contents: The second edition of Horizontal Gene Transfer has been organized to provide a concise and up-to-date coverage of the most important discoveries in this fascinating field. Written by the most prominent gene transfer and genome analytical scientists, this book details experimental evidence for the phenomenon of horizontal gene transfer and discusses further evidence provided by the recent completion of genomic sequences from Archea, Bacteria, and Eucarya members. The relevance of horizontal gene transfer to plant and metazoan taxonomy, GM foods, antibiotic resistance, paleontology, and phylogenetic reconstruction is also explored. Horizontal Gene Transfer is essential for microbiologists, geneticists, biochemists, evolutionary biologists, infectious disease specialists, paleontologists, ecologists, and researchers working in plant/animal systematics and agriculture with an interest in gene transfer. This includes scientific researchers from government and industry concerned with the release of genetically modified organisms. Up-to-the-minute reviews, maps, conclusions, urls to relevant websites and colour figures Unique chapters, for example one written by paleontologists presents data for horizontal gene transfer from fingerprints form the fossil record.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (475 pages)
    Edition: 2nd ed.
    ISBN: 9780080534121
    DDC: 571.9/648
    Language: English
    Note: Front Cover -- Horizontal Gene Transfer -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Foreword -- Preface -- Contributors -- SECTION I: PLASMIDS AND TRANSFER MECHANISMS IN BACTERIA -- Chapter 1. Recent History of Trans-kingdom Conjugation -- Chapter 2. Gene Cassettes and Integrons: Moving Single Genes -- Chapter 3. A Corynebacterium Plasmid Composed of Elements from Throughout the Eubacteria Kingdom -- Chapter 4. Horizontal Transfer of Naphthalene Catabolic Genes in a Toxic Waste Site -- Chapter 5. Horizontal Transmission of Genes by Agrobacterium Species -- Chapter 6. Horizontal Transfer of Proteins Between Species: Part of the Big Picture or Just a Genetic Vignette? -- Chapter 7. Transformation in Aquatic Environments -- Chapter 8. Pseudolysogeny: A Bacteriophage Strategy for Increasing Longevity in situ -- SECTION II: MOSAIC GENES AND CHROMOSOMES -- Chapter 9. The Dynamics of Bacterial Genomes -- Chapter 10. Bacterial Pathogenicity Islands and Infectious Diseases -- Chapter 11. Mosaic Proteins, Not Reinventing the Wheel -- Chapter 12. Evolutionary Relationships Among Diverse Bacteriophages and Prophages: All The World's a Phage -- Chapter 13. Horizontal Gene Transfer in Bacteriophages -- Chapter 14. Horizontal Transfer of Mismatch Repair Genes and the Variable Speed of Bacterial Evolution -- SECTION III: EUKARYOTIC MOBILE ELEMENTS -- Chapter 15. Evidence for Horizontal Transfer of P Transposable Elements -- Chapter 16. The mariner Transposons of Animals: Horizontally Jumping Genes -- Chapter 17. The Splicing of Transposable Elements: Evolution of a Nuclear Defense Against Genomic Invaders? -- SECTION IV: TRANSFER MECHANISMS INVOLVING PLANTS AND MICROBES -- Chapter 18. Gene Transfer Through Introgressive Hybridization: History, Evolutionary Significance, and Phylogenetic Consequences. , Chapter 19. Gene Flow and Introgression from Domesticated Plants into their Wild Relatives -- Chapter 20. Search for Horizontal Gene Transfer from Transgenic Crops to Microbes -- Chapter 21. Gene Transfer in the Fungal Host-Parasite System Absidia glauca-Parasitella parasitica Depends on Infection -- Chapter 22. Automatic Eukaryotic Artificial Chromosomes: Possible Creation of Bacterial Organelles in Yeast -- Chapter 23. Bacteria as Gene Delivery Vectors for Mammalian Cells -- SECTION V: WHOLE GENOME COMPARISONS: THE EMERGENCE OF THE EUKARYOTIC CELL -- Chapter 24. Gene Transfers Between Distantly Related Organisms -- Chapter 25. Horizontal Gene Transfer and its Role in the Evolution of Prokaryotes -- Chapter 26. Horizontal Gene Transfer and the Universal Tree of Life -- Chapter 27. Endosymbiotic Gene Transfer: A Special Case of Horizontal Gene Transfer Germane to Endosymbiosis, the Origins of Organelles and the Origins of Eukaryotes -- Chapter 28. Dating the Age of the Last Common Ancestor of All Living Organisms with a Protein Clock -- SECTION VI: PARALLELISMS AND MACROEVOLUTIONARY TRENDS -- Chapter 29. Character Parallelism and Reticulation in the Origin of Angiosperms -- Chapter 30. Temporal Patterns of Plant and Metazoan Evolution Suggest Extensive Polyphyly -- Chapter 31. Graptolite Parallel Evolution and Lateral Gene Transfer -- Chapter 32. Larval Transfer in Evolution -- Chapter 33. Macroevolution, Catastrophe and Horizontal Transfer -- Chapter 34. Horizontal Gene Transfer: A New Taxonomic Principle? -- Index -- Color Plate Section.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 6 (1992), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A variety of reports describe shifts in the environment which cause a corresponding change in the measured linking number of plasmid DNA isolated from bacterial cells. This change in linking number is often attributed to a change in superhelical density. This, coupled with the observation that transcription is often dependent upon the superhelical density of the DNA template seen in vitro, has led to the suggestion that superhelical density may control expression of certain genes. However, since many environmental changes could, in principle, influence DNA twist itself, then the measured differences in linking number, δLk, may simply be a consequence of variation in twist according to the relationship δLk=δTw+δWr, where δTw and δWr are changes in twist and writhe, respectively. In fact, we show that when an environmental change causes a change in the helical pitch of the DNA, and if the superhelical density of DNA is regulated to remain constant according to the homeostatic model of Menzel and Gellert, then δLkδTw. We have found that there are a number of published reports describing variation in promoter activity as a function of linking number that can be explained by considering twist. We suggest that there are classes of σ70 promoters whose ability to be recognized by RNA polymerase is exquisitely sensitive to the relative orientation of the -35 and -10 regions, and environmental conditions can control this relative orientation by changing DNA twist. The recA and proU promoters which are activated by cold shock and osmotic shock, respectively, behave as if they are twist-sensitive promoters. Consideration of DNA twist can also account for the change in activity of a number of other promoters when they are placed in bacterial strains defective in either DNA gyrase or topoisomerase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Company
    Nature biotechnology 10 (1992), S. 811-812 
    ISSN: 1546-1696
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] To the editor: Kurt MacLean (Bio/Technology 10:600 “NIH Gene Patents: A Solid Foundation for the Industry”) tells us that the NIH could “provide a rationale” for continued government funding of Big Science by filing for patents on partial sequences of randomly selected cDNA ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature America Inc.
    Nature biotechnology 17 (1999), S. 833-833 
    ISSN: 1546-1696
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] Critics of agricultural biotechnology have often been dismissed as modern-day Luddites. However, these critics have an understandable concern, based on a detail of the technology that has been nearly unanimously adopted for introducing foreign genes into plants. This method relies on cointroducing, ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Housefly ; Enzymes ; Insecticide degradation ; Glutathione transferase genes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract One of the four glutathione-S-transferases (GST) that is overproduced in the insecticide-resistant Cornell-R strain of the housefly (Musca domestica) produces an activity that degrades the insecticide dimethyl parathion and conjugates glutathione to lindane. In earlier work, it was shown that the resistant Cornell-R carries an amplification, probably a duplication, of one or more of its GST loci and that this amplification is directly related to resistance. Using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification with genomic DNA, multiple copies of the gene encoding the parathion-degrading activity (called MdGst-3) were subcloned from both the ancestral, insecticide-susceptible strain BPM and from the insecticide-resistant Cornell-R. In BPM, three different MdGst-3 genes were identified while in Cornell-R, 12 different MdGst-3 sequences were found that, though closely related to ancestral genes, had diverged by a few nucleotides. This diversity in MdGst-3 genomic sequences in Cornell-R is reflected in the expressed sequences, as sampled through a cDNA bank. Population heterozygosity cannot account for these multiple GST genes. We suggest that selection for resistance to insecticides has resulted in not only amplification of the MdGst-3 genes but also in the divergence of sequence between the amplified copies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Key words: Housefly — Enzymes — Insecticide degradation — Glutathione transferase genes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. One of the four glutathione-S-transferases (GST) that is overproduced in the insecticide-resistant Cornell-R strain of the housefly (Musca domestica) produces an activity that degrades the insecticide dimethyl parathion and conjugates glutathione to lindane. In earlier work, it was shown that the resistant Cornell-R carries an amplification, probably a duplication, of one or more of its GST loci and that this amplification is directly related to resistance. Using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification with genomic DNA, multiple copies of the gene encoding the parathion-degrading activity (called MdGst-3) were subcloned from both the ancestral, insecticide-susceptible strain BPM and from the insecticide-resistant Cornell-R. In BPM, three different MdGst-3 genes were identified while in Cornell-R, 12 different MdGst-3 sequences were found that, though closely related to ancestral genes, had diverged by a few nucleotides. This diversity in MdGst-3 genomic sequences in Cornell-R is reflected in the expressed sequences, as sampled through a cDNA bank. Population heterozygosity cannot account for these multiple GST genes. We suggest that selection for resistance to insecticides has resulted in not only amplification of the MdGst-3 genes but also in the divergence of sequence between the amplified copies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 26 (1987), S. 16-23 
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Relative rate test ; Globin genes ; Cytochromes ; Pseudogenes ; Coadaptation ; Viruses ; Viral host range ; Bacteria ; Songbirds ; Apes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary This paper discusses recent evidence suggesting that genetic information from one species occasionally transfers to another remotely related species. Besides addressing the issue of whether or not the molecular data are consistent with a wide-spread influence of horizontal gene transfer, the paper shows that horizontal gene flow would not necessarily preclude a linear molecular clock or change the rate of molecular evolution (assuming the neutral allele theory). A pervasive influence of horizontal gene transfer is more than just consistent with the data of molecular evolution, it also provides a unique explanation for a number of possibly conflicting phylogenies and contradictory clocks. This phenomenon might explain why some protein clocks are linear while the superoxide dismutase clock is not, how the molecular data on the phylogeny of apes and Australian song birds are not necessarily in conflict with those based on morphology, and, finally, why the mycoplasmas have an accelerated molecular clock.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature biotechnology 21 (2003), S. 758-759 
    ISSN: 1546-1696
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] Concern about the release of genetically modified (GM) organisms into the environment has led to numerous attempts to debilitate such organisms to prevent their survival in natural environments. This task has become much more pressing with the growing realization that horizontal gene ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 178 (1980), S. 681-689 
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The insertion of the kanamycin-resistance transposon, Tn903, into the Escherichia coli chromosome was studied. Tn903 is similar in structure to the well known transposons Tn5 and Tn10 in that it has a unique central sequence flanked by inverted repeat sequences extending more than a thousand base pairs. However, the central region of Tn903 has enough single-frame coding capacity only for the drug modifying enzyme, whereas Tn5 and Tn10 carry multigenic unique sequences. In this paper we demonstrate that two different classes of insertion event occur: (1) the first class is a complex event in which all or part of the genome of the bacteriophage lambda vector is co-inserted near the purE locus on the E. coli chromosome (11.7 min); (2) the second class appears to be a “simple” transposition event in which the transposon alone is inserted at relatively nonspecific sites in the chromosome, as has been described for Tn5 and Tn10. Furthermore both classes show dependency on homology-requiring recombination systems. We suggest that Tn903 transposes infrequently because it must utilize a recA-controlled host function, whereas Tn5 and Tn10 are recA-independent and encode similar but more active functions on the transposon DNA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 245 (1994), S. 25-31 
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Glutathione transferase ; Musca domestica ; Insecticide resistance ; Multigene family ; Evolutionary rate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Three new glutathione transferase (GST) genes from the housefly Musca domestica are described. These genes, identified as MdGST-2, -3, and -4, were from cDNA clones obtained from a cDNA bank in phage λ. The bank was prepared using poly(A)+ RNA from a housefly that is highly resistant to organophosphate insecticides because of enhanced expression of multiple members of the glutathione transferase gene family. The DNA sequence of each is reported and has a complete open reading frame that specified an amino acid sequence similar to other dipteran glutathione transferases. Based on phylogenetic analysis, we can conclude that the insect glutathione transferase gene family falls into two groups, each of which evolves at a different rate, presumably due to differences in functional constraints. We show that MdGST-1 (and their homologues from Drosophila and Lucilia) evolve at a significantly slower rate than the other members of the gene family. Each housefly GST cDNA was inserted into a bacterial plasmid expression system and a glutathione transferase activity was expressed in Escherichia coli. The transcription pattern of each of these glutathione transferases was examined in a variety of different housefly strains that are known to differ in their resistance to organophosphate insecticides due to different patterns of glutathione transferase expression. We found that the level of transcription for two of our clones was positively correlated with the level of organophosphate resistance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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