Notes: Heating and current drive with ICRF is one of the major missions of TPX and is crucial to its success. In contrast to the integrated nature of core diagnostic programs, diagnostics that measure ICRF propagation and edge interactions are often assigned lower priority, have not been included in the base diagnositics set, or were included as upgrades. This can result in an incomplete and unoptimized set of measurements. Thus it is important that an integrated set of diagnostics (engineered along with the antenna design), capable of fully diagnosing the interaction, propagation, and absorption of the ICRF be available for TPX. The parameters of interest include: coupling of the ICRF antenna to the plasma, launched spectrum, wave propagation, edge plasma interactions, electron heating, and current drive, and fast ion power deposition and losses. The diagnostic set should be designed so it can be upgraded for control of loading and spectrum by providing feedback information for adjusting phase, power level, fuel gas injection, and plasma position. The proposed set focuses on wave propagation, launched spectrum, absorption, and measuring and comparing the plasma edge properties in the near vicinity of the antenna with that measured at a large toroidal distance from them; thus many would be installed as toroidally separated indentical sets. In addition to the planned core diagnostic set, the ICRF specific diagnostics proposed for TPX include: edge density reflectometers, RF fluctuation reflectometers, fixed and moveable Langmuir probes, visible and IR cameras with spectroscopic line filters, rf magnetic loop probes, local ion energy analyzer, direct ion loss detectors, charge exchange analyzers, fast response ECE, and edge temperature ECE. The anticipated approach is one in which individual diagnostics could be provided by industry, universities, or laboratories but overall coordination, driven by specific ICRF issues, would be required. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.

Notes: The hot electron rings of the ELMO Bumpy Torus (EBT) [Plasma Physics and Controlled Nuclear Fusion (IAEA, Vienna, 1975), Vol. II, p. 141] are formed by electron-cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH) and have an electron temperature of 350–500 keV. The original intention of these hot electron rings was to provide a local minimum in the magnetic field and, thereby, stabilize the simple interchange and flute modes, which are inherent in a closed field line bumpy torus. To evaluate the electron energy density of the EBT rings and determine if enough stored energy is present to provide a local minimum in the magnetic field, a detailed understanding of the spatial distribution of the rings is imperative. The purpose of this paper is to measure the ring thickness and investigate its implications for bumpy torus stability. The spatial location and radial profile of the hot electron ring is measured with a unique metal ball pellet injector, which injects small metallic balls into the EBT ring plasma. From these measurements the radial extent (or ring thickness) is about 5–7 cm full-width at half-maximum for typical EBT operation, which is much larger than previously expected. These measurements and recent modeling of the EBT plasma indicate that the hot electron ring's stored energy may not be sufficient to produce a local minimum in the magnetic field.

Notes: The midplane microwave heating system in the ELMO Bumpy Torus (EBT) [in Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Plasma Physics and Controlled Nuclear Fusion Research, 1976 (IAEA, Vienna, 1977), Vol. II, p. 145] was supplemented with power launched from the high-field side of the fundamental resonance by an antenna in the magnet coil throat. Up to 43 kW of polarized (extraordinary mode), 28 GHz power was successfully launched with one antenna. Measurements were made of changes in the core and hot-electron ring plasma parameters when throat-launch power was added. In sharp contrast to initial expectations, the bulk core-plasma parameters were degraded while the ring parameters, in the launch cavity, were improved. These results are consistent with a modified picture of electron-cyclotron heating (ECH) in EBT. A picture of localized microwave absorption and particle losses is supported by additional measurements.

Notes: New and improved diagnostic techniques and increased theoretical understanding of electron-cyclotron heating (ECH) have led to a new picture of the electron distribution function in the ELMO Bumpy Torus (EBT). For electron energies ≤2 keV, the distribution function can be approximated as consisting of two components: a cold isotropic bulk component and a warm anisotropic tail. For typical steady-state EBT-Scale (EBT-S) operation (microwave power input of 100 to 150 kW) in the T-mode (the operating mode of interest for fusion experiments), bulk densities and temperatures of ne =0.5–0.7×1012 cm−3 and Te ≤100 eV are observed, while the warm tail component has Te =200–800 eV, and densities ≤0.4 that of the cold component. The non-Maxwellian nature of the distribution function is caused by ECH.

Notes: Experiments in which Cyperus difformis L. was removed from rice (Oryza sativa L.) by hand al various stages of crop growth demonstrated severe competition between the weed and the crop. Where high populations of C. difformis competed with the rice for the whole of the growing season rice yields were reduced by 22% to 43%. Yield reduction caused by competition was greater under conditions of higher soil fertility.Competition entre Cyperus difformis et le riz; effet de l’épogue du sarclageDes expériences dans lesquelles Cyperus difformis L. a été enlevéà la main d'une culture de riz (Oryza sativa L.), à divers stades de la croissance de celui-ci, ont révélé une compétition importante entre la mauvaise herbe et la culture. Là où des populations denses de C. difformis ont exercé leur compétition envers le riz pendant toute la durée la saison de croissance, les rendements du riz oni été réduits de 22%à 43%. La réduction de rendement provoquée par la compétition a été plus forte dans des conditions de fertilité du sol plus élevée.Konkurrenz zwischen Cyperus difformis und Reis: Einfiuss des Zeitpunktes der UnkrautentfernungIn Versuchen in denen Cyperus difformis L. von Hand aus Reis (Oryza sativa L.) zu verschiedenen Entwicklungsstadien der Kulturpflanze entferenl wurde, verdeuiIk hten die starke Konkurrenz zwischen Unkraut und Kulturpflanze.Wo viele C. difformis-Pflanzen mil Reis über die ganze Vegetalionsperiode konkurrierten, gingen die Reiserträge um 22% bis 43% zurück. Die Ertragsernicdrigung war durch die Unkrautkonkurrenz unter Bedingungen hoher Boden-fruchtbarkeit stärker.

Notes: In a series of experiments carried out in the Leeton-Yanco area of southern New South Wales, molinate was applied to drill-sown rice at rates ranging from 2.24 to 6.73 kg/ha, and at times ranging from pre-sowing to 36 days after sowing-Applications were made to dry soil, and pre-sowing applications were shallowly incorporated. All other treatments were followed within 24 h by either a flushing irrigation, or by permanent floodingAll molinate applications reduced Echinochloa spp. populations but best results were obtained with early post-emergence applications. At this time of application 3.36 kg/ha was usually as effective as higher rates.Molinate caused no damage to the rice crop, and herbicide application resulted in yield responses where significant Echinochloa spp. infestations were present.Le molinate pour la lutte contre les Echinochloa spp. dans les cultures de riz en Nouvelle Galles du SudDans une série d'essais réalisés dans la région du Leeton-Yanco, dans la Nouvelle Galles du Sud, le molinate a été appliqué sur du riz semé en lignes à des doses allant de 2,24 à 6,73 kg/ha et à des époques se situant depuis le présemis jusquà 36 jours après le semis. Les traitements ont été effectués sur sol sec et les applications en présemis ont été suivies d'une incorporation superficielle. Tous les autres traitements ont été suivies dans les 24 heures soit par une irrigation temporaire soit par une submersion permanente.Toutes les applications de molinate ont réduit les populations d'Echinochloa spp. mais les meilleurs rédultats ont été obtenus avec les traitements en post levée précoce. A cette époque d'application, la dose de 3,36 kg/ha a été habituelle-ment aussi efficace que les doses supérieures.Le molinate n'a pas causé de dégâts sur le riz et les traitements n'ont provoqué des fluctuations du rendement que là où des infestations significatives d'Echinochloa spp étaient présentes.Bekämpfung von Echinochloa spp. in Reis mit Molinate in NeusüdwalesIn der Gegend von Leeton-Yanco im südlichen Neusüd-wales wurde in einer Reihe von Versuchen Molinate in ge-drilltem Reis in Aufwandmengen von 2,24 bis 6,73 kg/ha eingesetzt. Behandelt wurde im Zeitraum von vor der Saat bis 36 Tage nach der Saat. Es wurde auf trockenen Boden gespritzt und die s Vorsaatbehandlungen wurden flach ein-gearbeitet. Bei allen anderen Behandlungen folgte inner-halb von 24 Stunden entweder ein Überfluten oder ein ständiges Überstauen.Sämtliche Behandlungen mit Molinate verminderten den Besatz an Echinochloa spp., die besten Bekämpfungserfolge wurden jedoch mit früher Vorauflaufspritzung erzielt. Zu diesem Behandlungszeitpunkt waren im Normalfall 3,36 kg/ha genau so wirksam wie höhere Aufwandmengen. Molinate verursachte keine Schäden beim Reis. Die Herbizi-danwendung wirkte sich auf die Erträge aus, wenn starke Verunkrautung mit Echinochloa spp. vorhanden war.

Notes: American plaice Hippoglossoides platessoides density in September in the southern Gulf of St Lawrence was strongly related to depth, with peak densities at intermediate depths (70–90 m). Bathymetric pattern was similar for all ages of plaice (3–12 + year) and varied little among years. Densities were highest at similar depths for males and females, but depth distribution tended to be more spread out for females. Depth distribution was not significantly density dependent except for 10-and 11-year-old males and for females aged 12 years and older. In the three significant cases, depth distribution tended to spread out as abundance increased. Water temperature and depth were closely linked in the southern Gulf, but plaice depth preferences could not be attributed solely to temperature selection.

Notes: One hundred patients for endoscopy, aged, between 18 and 74 years were randomly allocated to two equal groups. Group A received 10 mg diazepam intravenously rapidly over 2–4 s; Group B received diazepam intravenously over 1–2 min, titrated to provide a satisfactory level of sedation (mean dose 15.9 mg).Patient co-operation during endoscopy was similar in both groups, but one patient in Group A developed respiratory depression. Tests of psychomotor function after endoscopy showed greater impairment 30 min following injection for Group B, compared with Group A (P 〈 0.02).Total or partial amnesia for endoscopy was present in 62% of Group A, and 90% in Group B (P 〈 0.005). However, postal follow-up showed that endoscopy was acceptable to 96% of Group A and 98% of Group B. Delayed sedation later in the day was reported by 26% of Group A compared with 48% of Group B.