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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zinc toxicity on neonatal cortical neurons: involvement of glutathione chelation (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 85 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Several mechanisms have been implicated in pathological neuronal death including zinc neurotoxicity, calcium excitotoxicity and oxidative injury. Glutathione (GSH) serves to provide reducing equivalents for the maintenance of oxidant homeostasis, and also plays roles in intracellular and intercellular signaling in the brain. We investigated the role of GSH homeostasis in the neurotoxic action of zinc using both mixed cortical cultures containing neurons and glia, and cortical neurons prepared from 1-day-old rats. Zinc caused neuronal cell death in a concentration-dependent manner. In parallel, a high concentration of zinc depleted GSH, in a time-dependent manner, preceding the onset of neuronal damage. Depletion of GSH by diethylmaleate injured neurons and exacerbated zinc-induced death. In contrast, replenishment of GSH attenuated zinc neurotoxicity. The thiol-containing compounds N-acetylcysteine and GSH chemically chelated zinc leading to decreases in the influx of zinc, the fall in GSH level and neuronal death. Interestingly, the glycolytic substrate pyruvate, but not lactate, chelated zinc concentration dependently and prevented its toxicity. On the other hand, pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate, serving as a zinc chaperon, enhanced its entry and toxicity. The results suggest that zinc non-enzymatically depleted GSH, an intrinsic factor for neuron survival, leading to activation of the cellular death signal and eventually neuronal death.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.2003.01691.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gliotoxic Action of Glutamate on Cultured Astrocytes (2000)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd.
    Journal of neurochemistry 75 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Because of the well-documented importance of glutamate clearance by astrocytes in protecting neurons against excitotoxicity, it was interesting to examine whether L-glutamate exerts a toxic action on cultured astrocytes. Cell damage was evaluated by measuring activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) released into the culture medium. Exposure of astrocyte cultures of the neonatal rat cerebral cortex to L-glutamate resulted in a concentration- and time-dependent increase in the release of LDH. L-Glutamate-induced gliotoxicity appeared to be mediated predominantly by the increase of oxidative stress because the reduced glutathione content and its effects were almost completely blocked by vitamin E and pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate. To support this notion further, the supplementation or depletion of intracellular reduced glutathione content attenuated or worsened L-glutamate toxicity, respectively. Activation of the glutamate transporter mimicked the action of L-glutamate on astrocytes. In addition, degrees of cell damage were not directly correlated to the levels of glutamate uptake. Moreover, the mechanism of this toxicity required energy and macromolecular synthesis. Taken together, brief exposure to L-glutamate resulted in glutamate uptake and cell swelling, whereas sustained exposure injured astrocytes via oxidative stress instead of the excitatory mechanism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.2000.0751557.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on quinazolines. 5. 2,3-Dihydroimidazo[1,2-c]quinazoline derivatives: a novel class of potent and selective .alpha.1-adrenoceptor antagonists and antihypertensive agents (1993)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of medicinal chemistry 36 (1993), S. 2196-2207 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-4804
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jm00067a017
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of keratin 14 and 19 mRNA and protein in normal oral epithelia, hairy leukoplakia, tongue biting and white sponge nevus (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of oral pathology & medicine 22 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0714
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: This study was undertaken to analyze keratin gene expression at both the mRNA and protein level in oral hairy leukoplakia (OHL). Comparisons were made with normal lingual epithelium from a similar site, tongue biting, normal buccal mucosa and another condition which disturbs oral epithelial differentiation, white sponge nevus. Combined immnunocytochemical and in situ hybridization studies for keratins 14 and 19 were carried out on 2 specimens of OHL from HIV-positive males and one sample each of the other cases. Keratin 14 protein expression was uniform throughout all the epithelia. In normal epithelia and in lesions other than OHL, keratin 14 mRNA was most strongly expressed in basal cells with weaker but still significant amounts in the spinous cell layer. In both cases of OHL there was weaker basal cell expression of keratin 14 mRNA and frequent absence in koilocytoid cells. Keratin 19 protein expression was heterogeneous in the basal layer ol all specimens with suprabasal staining of occasional groups of cells. Its mRNA was uniformly distributed in all cases. The findings indicate that keratin mRNA expression does not always parallel that of protein and that, in the case of keratin 14, expression may be influenced by the presence of EBV.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0714.1993.tb01054.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Keratin 14 and 19 expression in normal, dysplastic and malignant oral epithelia. A study using in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of oral pathology & medicine 25 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0714
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Specific mRNA and protein for two major keratins, K14 and K19, were investigated in normal, dysplastic and malignant oral epithelia by combined in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. In normal epithelia. K14 mRNA and protein were present almost exclusively in the basal layer of non-cornified, and in rete-processes of cornified, sites. Dysplastic epithelium showed irregular extension of the K14 transcript and protein into superficial cells. In squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), K14 transcript was abundant in most samples whilst in one poorly differentiated carcinoma mRNA but no protein was detected. K19 mRNA and its protein were present predominantly in basal cells of noncornified epithelium, whereas in cornified epithelium only mRNA was detected. In dysplasias, K19 transcript was detected in all specimens but its protein was absent in most cases. Even more variations of K19 expression were observed in SSC. These findings indicate differences in the control of expression of K14 and K19 in normal epithelia and show that regulation is further disturbed during dysplastic change and malignancy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0714.1996.tb00265.x
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  • 6
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    Diethylmaleate and iodoacetate in combination caused profound cell death in astrocytes (2013)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-05-08
    Description: Energy failure and oxidative stress have been implicated in the pathogenesis of ischemia. Here, we report a potential link between cytosolic phospholipase A 2 (cPLA 2 ) activation and energy failure/oxidative stress-induced astrocyte damage involving reactive oxygen species (ROS), protein kinase C-α (PKC-α), Src, Raf, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling and concurrent elevation of endogenous chelatable zinc. Energy failure and oxidative stress were produced by treating astrocytes with glycolytic inhibitor iodoacetate and glutathione chelator diethylmaleate, respectively. Diethylmaleate and iodoacetate in combination caused augmented damage to astrocytes in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. The cell death caused by diethylmaleate/iodoacetate was accompanied by increased ROS generation, PKC-α membrane translocation, Src, Raf, ERK, and cPLA 2 phosphorylation. Pharmacological studies revealed that these activations all contributed to diethylmaleate/iodoacetate-induced astrocyte death. Intriguingly, the mobilization of endogenous chelatable zinc was observed in diethylmaleate/iodoacetate-treated astrocytes. Zinc appears to act as a downstream mediator in response to diethylmaleate/iodoacetate treatment because of the attenuating effects of its chelator N,N,N′,N′-tetrakis(2-pyridylmethyl)ethylenediamine (TPEN). These observations indicate that ROS/PKC-α, Src/Raf/ERK signaling and cPLA 2 are active participants in diethylmaleate/iodoacetate-induced astrocyte death and contribute to a vicious cycle between the depletion of ATP/glutathione and the mobilization of chelatable zinc as critical upstream effectors in initiating cytotoxic cascades. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
    Print ISSN: 0022-3042
    Electronic ISSN: 1471-4159
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of The International Society for Neurochemistry.
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  • 7
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    Effects of time delay and space on herbivore dynamics: linking inducible defenses of plants to herbivore outbreak (2015)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-06-19
    Description: Empirical results indicate that inducible defenses of plants have effects on herbivore populations. However, little is known about how inducible defenses of plants have influences on herbivore outbreak when space effect is considered. To reveal the relationship between inducible defenses and herbivore outbreak, we present a mathematical model to describe the interaction of them. It was found that time delay plays dual effects in the persistence of herbivore populations: (i) large value of time delay may be associated with small density of herbivore populations, and thus causes the populations to run a higher risk of extinction; (ii) moderate value of time delay is beneficial for maintaining herbivore density in a determined range which may promote the persistence of herbivore populations. Additionally, we revealed that interaction of time delay and space promotes the growth of average density of herbivore populations during their outbreak period which implied that time delay may drive the resilience of herbivore populations. Our findings highlight the close relationship between inducible defenses of plants and herbivore outbreak. Scientific Reports 5 doi: 10.1038/srep11246
    Electronic ISSN: 2045-2322
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 8
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    Cardioprotection by PI3K-mediated signaling is required for anti-arrhythmia and myocardial repair in response to ischemic preconditioning in infarcted pig hearts (2015)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-07-30
    Description: Cardioprotection by PI3K-mediated signaling is required for anti-arrhythmia and myocardial repair in response to ischemic preconditioning in infarcted pig hearts Laboratory Investigation 95, 860 (August 2015). doi:10.1038/labinvest.2015.64 Authors: Feng Su, Lan Zhao, Shaoheng Zhang, Jiahong Wang, Nannan Chen, Qunlin Gong, Jinhui Tang, Hao Wang, Jianhua Yao, Qin Wang, Ming Zhong & Jian Yan
    Print ISSN: 0023-6837
    Electronic ISSN: 1530-0307
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 9
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    Probing Hydrogen Bond Energies by Mass Spectrometry (2013)
    American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-04-13
    Description: Journal of the American Chemical Society DOI: 10.1021/ja312133k
    Print ISSN: 0002-7863
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-5126
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by American Chemical Society (ACS)
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  • 10
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    Sustainability, Vol. 10, Pages 634: Will the Future Be Greener? The Environmental Behavioral Intentions of University Tourism Students (2018)
    MDPI Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-03-06
    Description: Sustainability, Vol. 10, Pages 634: Will the Future Be Greener? The Environmental Behavioral Intentions of University Tourism Students Sustainability doi: 10.3390/su10030634 Authors: Su-Lan Pan Ju Chou Alastair Morrison Wen-Shiung Huang Meng-Chen Lin Sustainable tourism is essential for tourism sector development. Environmentally responsible behaviors and behavioral intentions are important prerequisites for sustainable tourism. This research explores the behavioral intentions of university tourism students and significant factors affecting these behavioral intentions. The questionnaire survey method was applied to university students from the tourism departments of nine universities in Taiwan. A total of 390 valid questionnaires were collected. The pro-environmental behavioral intentions of the students ranged from moderate to high. Environmental knowledge positively affected behavioral intentions and positively influenced environmental sensitivity and environmental responsibility. Furthermore, environmental sensitivity and environmental responsibility exerted a full effect in mediating the relationship between environmental knowledge and behavioral intentions. Hence, increasing students’ environmental knowledge will enhance their behavioral intentions. However, by improving students’ sensitivity and responsibility, their intentions to protect the environment can be more effectively elevated. Development implications and recommendations for sustainable tourism and higher education are provided.
    Electronic ISSN: 2071-1050
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by MDPI Publishing
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