Note: Ebook , Foreword: Preface-- Introduction-- 1-Chemically Driven Artificial Molecular Machines-- 2-Photochemically Controlled Molecular Devices and Machines-- 3-Tansition Metal Complex-Based Molecular Machines-- 4-Chemomechanical Polymers-- 5-Ionic Polymer Metal Nano-Composites as Intelligent Materials and Artificial Muscles-- 6-Artificial Muscles, Sensing and Multifunctionality from the Electrochemical Properties of Conductive Polymers-- 7-Electrochemically-Controllable Polyacrylonitrile Artificial Muscle as an Intelligent Material-- 8-Unimolecular Electronic Devices--9-Piezoelectric Ceramics as Intelligent Multi-Functional Materials-- 10-Ferroelectric Relaxor Polymers As Intelligent Soft Actuators and Artificial Muscles-- 11-Magnetic Polymeric Gels As Intelligent Artificial Muscles-- 12-Intelligent Materials: Shape-Memory Polymers-- 13-Shape Memory Alloys as Multi-Functional Materials-- 14-Magnetorheological Materials And Their Applications: A Review-- 15-Metal Hydrides as Intelligent Materials and Artificial Muscles-- 16-Dielectric Elastomer Actuators as Intelligent Materials for Actuation, Sensing and Generation-- 17-Azobenzene Polymers as Photo-Mechanical and Multifunctional Smart Materials-- 18-Intelligent Chitosan-based Hydrogels as Multifunctional Materials-- 19-Polymer-Protein Complexation and its Application as ATP-Driven Gel Machine-- 20-Intelligent Composite Materials Having Capabilities of Sensing, Health Monitoring, Actuation, Self-Repair and Multifunctionality"-- 21-Overview of Liquid Crystal Elastomers, Magnetic Shape Memory Materials, Fullerenes, Carbon Nanotubes, Non-Ionic Smart Polymers and Electrorheological Fluids as Intelligent and Multi-Functional Materials-- 22-Biogenic and Bioinspired Intelligent Materials -from DNA-based Devices to Biochips and Drug Delivery Systems--.

Note: Container Molecules And Their Guests -- Contents -- Chapter 1 Contexts, Conceptions, Corands, and Coraplexes -- 1.1 Origins of Host-Guest Chemistry -- 1.2 Early Types of Hosts, Guests, and Complexes -- 1.3 Molecular Modules -- 1.4 Structural Recognition in Complexation -- 1.5 The Crystal Structures and Molecular Modeling Connection -- Chapter 2 Spherands, Spheraplexes, and Their Relatives -- 2.1 Spherands and Spheraplexes -- 2.2 Syntheses of Spherands -- 2.3 Crystal Structures for Spherands and Spheraplexes -- 2.3.1 Non-bridged Hosts -- 2.3.2 Bridged Hosts -- 2.4 Hemispherand and Hemispherand Crystal Structures -- 2.4.1 Three Preorganized Ligands -- 2.4.2 Four Preorganized Ligands -- 2.4.3 Cryptahemispherands -- 2.5 Correlation of Structure and Binding -- 2.5.1 Determination of Binding Power -- 2.5.2 Corand and Anisyl Hemispherand Binding Comparison -- 2.5.3 Cryptahemispherand Binding and Specificity -- 2.5.4 Spherand Binding and Specificity -- 2.6 Principles of Complementarity and Preorganization -- 2.7 Illustration of the Effects of Preorganization on Binding -- 2.8 Rates of Complexation and Decomplexation of Spherands and Hemispherands -- 2.9 Cyanospherands -- 2.10 Chromogenic Ionophores -- Chapter 3 Chiral Recognition in Complexation -- 3.1 Hosts Containing One Chiral Element -- 3.2 A Chiral Breeding Cycle -- 3.3 Hosts Containing Two Chiral Elements -- 3.4 An Amino Ester Resolving Machine -- 3.5 Chromatographic Resolution of Racemic Amine Salts -- 3.6 Failure of a Magnificent Idea Guides Research -- 3.7 Chiral Catalysis in Michael Addition Reactions -- 3.8 Chiral Catalysis in Methacrylate Ester Polymerization -- 3.9 Chiral Catalysis of Additions of Alkyllithiums to Aldehydes -- Chapter 4 Partial Enzyme Mimics -- 4.1 A Partial Transacylase Mimic Based on a Corand -- 4.1.1 Kinetic Acceleration -- 4.1.2 Competitive Inhibition. , 4.1.3 Chiral Recognition -- 4.1.4 Abiotic and Biotic Comparisons -- 4.2 Hosts Containing Cyclic Urea Units -- 4.2.1 Preorganization of Cyclic Urea Units by Anisyl Unit Attachment -- 4.2.2 Binding Properties of Hosts Containing Multiple Cyclic Urea Units -- 4.2.3 Crystal Structures -- 4.2.4 Binding Power Dependence on structure -- 4.2.5 Highly Preorganized Hosts -- 4.2.6 An Unusual Color Indicating System -- 4.3 An Incremental Approach to Serine Protease Mimics -- 4.3.1 Kinetics of Transacylations -- 4.3.2 Rate Enhancements Due to Complexation -- 4.4 Introduction of an Imidazole into a Transacylase Mimic -- 4.4.1 Synthesis -- 4.4.2 Transacylation Kinetics -- 4.4.3 Dependence of Rate Enhancement Factors on Structure -- Chapter 5 Cavitands -- 5.1 Origins of the Cavitand Concept -- 5.2 Systems Based on Cyclotriveratrylene Ring Assemblies -- 5.3 Octols From Resorcinols -- 5.4 Bowls from Octols -- 5.4.1 Syntheses -- 5.4.2 Crystal Structures -- 5.5 Cavitands with Cylindrical Cavities -- 5.6 Cavitands Containing Two Binding Cavities -- 5.6.1 Syntheses -- 5.6.2 Crystal Structures -- 5.6.3 Complexations -- 5.7 Hosts Based on Fused Dibenzofuran Units -- 5.7.1 Cavitands Containing Two Clefts -- 5.7.2 Cavitands Containing A Single Cleft -- Chapter 6 Vases, Kites, Velcrands, and Velcraplexes -- 6.1 Vases, Kites, and Temperature -- 6.1.1 Synthesis -- 6.1.2 Conformational Analysis -- 6.1.3 Rationalization of Temperature Effects on Conformation -- 6.1.4 Crystal Structure -- 6.2 Design and Synthesis of Kite-shaped Systems -- 6.2.1 Structural Basis for Dimer Formation -- 6.2.2 Synthesis -- 6.3 Evidence That Velcrands Form Velcraplexes -- 6.3.1 Crystal Structures -- 6.3.2 Solution Dimerization -- 6.4 Free Energies of Formation of Velcraplex Dimers in Solution -- 6.4.1 Determination -- 6.4.2 Correlation of Binding with Structure. , 6.4.3 Importance of Preorganization to Binding -- 6.4.4 Binding in Homo- vs. Hetero-dimers -- 6.4.5 Effect of Solvent Changes on Binding -- 6.5 Enthalpies and Entropies of Complexation of Velcrands -- 6.5.1 Partition of Driving Forces Between Two Parameters -- 6.5.2 Solvolytic Effects on Dimerization -- 6.5.3 Balancing of Entropic and Enthalpic Dimerization Effects -- 6.6 Thermodynamic Activation Parameters for Association of Velcrands and Dissociation of Velcraplexes -- Chapter 7 Carcerands and Carceplexes -- 7.1 Conception -- 7.2 The First Closed Molecular Container Compound -- 7.2.1 Synthesis -- 7.2.2 Characterization -- 7.3 Soluble Carceplexes with CH2SCH2 Connecting Groups -- 7.3.1 Syntheses -- 7.3.2 Characterization -- 7.3.3 Guest Rotations in Carceplexes -- 7.4 Carceplexes with OCH2O Connecting Groups -- 7.4.1 Syntheses -- 7.4.2 Carceplex Crystal Structure -- 7.4.3 Guest Movements in Carceplex -- 7.5 Inner Phase Effects on Physical Properties of Guests -- 7.5.1 Molecular Communication Through the Shell -- 7.5.2 Possible New Type of Diastereoisomerism -- 7.6 Comparisons of Carceplexes, Spheraplexes, Cryptaplexes, Caviplexes, Zeolites, and Clathrates -- Chapter 8 Hemicarcerands and Constrictive Binding -- 8.1 Hemicarcerand Containing a Single Portal -- 8.1.1 Synthesis -- 8.1.2 Crystal Structure -- 8.1.3 Characterization -- 8.1.4 Decomplexation at High Temperatures and Complexation at Ambient Temperatures -- 8.1.5 Complexation at Elevated Temperatures -- 8.2 Hemicarcerand Containing Four Potential Portals -- 8.2.1 Synthesis -- 8.2.2 Crystal Structure -- 8.2.3 Guest Variation in Hemicarceplexes -- 8.2.4 Rotations of Guests Relative to Host -- 8.2.5 Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectra of Guests in Hemicarceplex -- 8.2.6 Mechanism of Guest Substitution of Hemicarceplexes -- 8.2.7 Dependence of Decomplexation Rates on Guest Structures. , 8.2.8 Constrictive and Intrinsic Binding -- 8.2.9 Driving Forces for Intrinsic and Constrictive Binding -- 8.3 Chiral Recognition by Hemicarcerands -- Chapter 9 Varieties of Hemicarcerands -- 9.1 An Octalactone as a Hemicarcerand -- 9.2 An Octaimine as a Hemicarcerand -- 9.2.1 Synthesis and Characterization -- 9.2.2 Complexation -- 9.2.3 Decomplexation -- 9.2.4 Crystal Structure -- 9.3 An Octaamide as a Hemicarcerand -- 9.3.1 Syntheses and Characterization -- 9.3.2 Crystal Structure -- 9.3.3 Complexation -- 9.4 A Near Hemicarcerand Based on [1.1.1]Orthocyclophane Units -- 9.4.1 Syntheses -- 9.4.2 Crystal Structures -- 9.4.3 Characterization -- 9.4.4 Complexation -- 9.5 Rigidly Hollow Hosts That Encapsulate Small Guests -- 9.5.1 Synthesis -- 9.5.2 Crystal Structures -- 9.5.3 Complexation of Tritosylamide Host -- 9.5.4 Complexation of Triamine Host -- 9.6 A Host with a Large Cavity -- 9.6.1 Synthesis -- 9.6.2 Complexation -- 9.6.3 Correlation of Decomplexation Rates with Guest Structures -- 9.7 A Highly Adaptive and Strongly Binding Hemispherand -- 9.7.1 Synthesis -- 9.7.2 Complexation -- 9.7.3 Structural Recognition in Complexation -- 9.7.4 Crystal Structures -- 9.7.5 The Unusual Guest Structure in 52·6H2O -- Chapter 10 Reactions of Complexed Hosts, of Incarcerated Guests, and Hosts Protection of Guests from Self Destruction -- 10.1 Energy Barriers to Amide Rotations in the Inner Phase of a Carcerand -- 10.2 Acidity of Amine Salts in the Inner Phase of a Hemicarcerand -- 10.3 Hemicarcerand as a Protecting Container -- 10.4 A Thermal-Photochemical Reaction Cycle Conducted in the Inner Phase of a Hemicarcerand -- 10.5 Cyclobutadiene Stabilized by Incarceration -- 10.6 Oxidations and Reductions of Incarcerated Guests -- 10.7 Reductions of the Host of Hemicarceplexes -- 10.7.1 Octaimine Reductions. , 10.7.2 Reduction of Hemicarceplexes with Four Acetylenic Bridges -- Subject Index.

Note: Anion Receptor Chemistry -- Table of Contents -- Glossary -- Chapter 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Importance of Anions in the Modern World -- 1.2 The Challenges of Anion Complexation -- 1.3 Anions in Biological Systems -- 1.4 Historical Overview of Synthetic Anion Receptor Chemistry -- 1.5 Measurement Methods: Caveats and Limitations -- 1.6 Summary Remarks -- References -- Chapter 2 Classic Charged Non-Metallic Systems -- 2.1 Polyammoniums -- 2.1.1 Acyclic Systems -- 2.1.2 Monocyclic Systems -- 2.1.3 Bicyclic Systems -- 2.1.4 Polycyclic Systems -- 2.2 Quaternary Ammoniums -- 2.2.1 Linear Systems -- 2.2.2 Monocyclic Systems -- 2.2.3 Polycyclic Systems -- 2.3 Guanidiniums -- 2.4 Amidiniums -- 2.5 Imidazoliums -- 2.5.1 Acyclic Systems -- 2.5.2 Cyclic Systems -- 2.6 Thiouronium -- 2.7 Summary Remarks -- References -- Chapter 3 Protonated Expanded Porphyrins and Linear Analogues -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Cyclic Systems -- 3.2.1 Tetrapyrrolic Systems -- 3.2.2 Pentapyrrolic Systems -- 3.2.3 Hexapyrrolic Systems -- 3.2.4 Oligopyrrolic Systems -- 3.2.5 Imine Linked Receptors and Other Related Systems -- 3.3 Linear Receptors -- 3.4 Summary Remarks -- References -- Chapter 4 Neutral Non-Metallic Systems -- 4.1 Amide-Based Anion Receptors -- 4.1.1 Acyclic Systems -- 4.1.2 Cyclic Systems -- 4.1.3 Calixarene and Steroid-Based Systems -- 4.2 Peptide-Based Receptors -- 4.3 Urea-Based Anion Receptors -- 4.3.1 Acyclic Systems -- 4.3.2 Cyclic Systems -- 4.3.3 Receptors Based on Calixarene and Steroid Backbones -- 4.4 Alcohol-Based Anion Receptors -- 4.5 Hybrid Receptors -- 4.5.1 Amide-Urea Systems -- 4.5.2 Urea-Alcohol Systems -- 4.5.3 Alcohol-Amide Systems -- 4.5.4 Amide-Hydroxy-Urea Systems -- 4.6 Other Systems -- 4.7 Summary Remarks -- References -- Chapter 5 Neutral Pyrrole Systems -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Cyclic Receptors -- 5.2.1 Extended Cavity Systems. , 5.2.2 Higher Order Systems -- 5.2.3 Strapped Systems and other Related Receptors -- 5.3 Linear Receptors -- 5.4 Summary Remarks -- References -- Chapter 6 Receptors for Ion-Pairs -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Ditopic Receptors -- 6.3 Cascade Complexes -- 6.4 Receptors for Zwitterions -- 6.5 Dual-Host Extraction of Salts -- 6.6 Summary Remarks -- References -- Chapter 7 Metal and Lewis Acid-Based Receptors -- 7.1 Lewis Acidic Receptors -- 7.2 Metals as Organizers -- 7.3 Other Anion Receptors Containing Metals -- 7.4 Summary Remarks -- References -- Chapter 8 Sensors -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Devices that Employ Anion-Selective Membranes -- 8.3 Discrete Molecular Electrochemical-Anion Sensors -- 8.4 Discrete Molecular Optical Anion Sensors -- 8.5 Displacement Assays -- 8.6 Assays Based on Deaggregation Phenomena -- 8.7 Summary Remarks -- References -- Chapter 9 Anion-Controlled Assembly and Template-Based Synthesis -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Halide-Controlled Assemblies -- 9.3 Oxyanion-Directed Assemblies -- 9.4 Polyfluoro-Anion Directed Assemblies -- 9.5 Summary Remarks -- References -- Chapter 10 Afterword -- Subject Index.

Note: Cover -- Preface -- Contents -- Dedication -- Chapter 1 -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Crown Ether Precursor Work -- 1.2.1 Lüttringhaus' Macrocycles -- 1.2.2 Cyclo-oligomerization of Ethylene Oxide -- 1.2.3 The Furan-Acetone Tetramer -- 1.3 Pedersen's Discovery of Crown Ethers -- 1.4 Simmons' In-Out Bicyclic Amines -- 1.5 Lehn's Cryptands -- 1.6 Cram and Carbanions -- 1.7 Classes of Crown Ethers and Cryptands -- 1.8 Naturally Occurring Relatives of Crown Ethers -- 1.9 Nomenclature and its Problems -- 1.10 Toxicity of Crown Ether Compounds -- Chapter 2 -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Pedersen's First Crowns -- 2.3 Tbe Etbyleneoxy Structural Unit -- 2.4 The Template Effect -- 2.5 Early Syntheses of Crowns -- 2.5.1 Dicyclohexano-18-crown-6 -- 2.5.2 18-Crown-6 -- 2.5.3 [2.2.2]-Cryptand -- 2.6 Syntheses of Crown Ethers -- 2.6.1 Monomers, Dimers, and Trimers -- 2.6.2 Nucleophiles and Bases -- 2.6.3 Leaving Groups . -- 2.6.4 Solvents -- 2.6.5 High Dilution -- 2.6.6 General Conditions -- 2.7 Incorporation of Aromatic Subunits -- 2.8 Nitrogen-containing Macrocycles -- 2.8.1 Proteetion of Nitrogen -- 2.8.2 Lactam Formation Followed by Reduction -- 2.8.3 Direct Incorporation of Nitrogen -- 2.8.4 Syntheses of Lariat Ethers -- 2.8.5 Multi-armed Lariat Ethers -- 2.8.6 Heteroaromatic Sub-units -- 2.9 Crown Ethers Containing Sulfur -- 2.10 Syntheses of Cryptands -- 2.11 Spherands, Cavitands, and Carcerands -- 2.12 Summary -- Chapter 3 -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 The Extraction Technique -- 3.3 Homogeneous Cation Binding Constants -- 3.3.1 Techniques for Determining Stability Constants -- 3.3.2 Variables Affecting Homogeneous Stability Constants -- 3.3.3 The Macrocyclic Effect -- 3.3.4 Enthalpy-entropy Compensation -- 3.3.5 Brief Survey of Cation Complexation Constants -- 3.4 Binding Dynamics -- 3.5 Cation Transport -- 3.6 Complexation of Organic Cations. , 3.6.1 Ammonium Cations -- 3.6.2 Chiral Recognition -- 3.6.3 Arenediazonium Cations -- 3.6.4 Hydronium Cation -- 3.6.5 Co-operative Structures -- 3.6.6 A Polymerie Ionophore -- 3.7 Molecular Complexation -- 3.8 Anions -- Chapter 4 -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Uncomplexed Crown and Cryptand Ligands -- 4.3 Simple Crown Ether Complexes of Metal Cations -- 4.3.1 Crown Complexes of Cations that Are 'Too Large' -- 4.3.2 Crown Complexes of Cations that Are 'Too Sm all' -- 4.3.3 Complexes of Functional Crown Ether Derivatives -- 4.3.4 Lariat Ether Complexes -- 4.3.5 Bibracchial Lariat Ether Complexes -- 4.4 Cryptand Complexes -- 4.4.1 Simple Cryptand (Cryptate) Complexes -- 4.4.2 Ditopie Cryptands -- 4.4.3 Inclusion vs. Exclusion Complexes -- 4.5 Crown Ether Complexes of Other Ions and Moleeules -- 4.6 Podand Complexes -- Chapter 5 -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Solubilization Phenomena -- 5.2.1 Solubilization of Salts -- 5.2.2 Crown Activated Reagents -- 5.3 Cation Deactivation -- 5.3.1 Deactivation of lithium Aluminum Hydride (liAl~) -- 5.3.2 Deactivation of the Cannizzarro Reaction -- 5.4 Anion Activation: Phase Transfer Catalysis -- 5.4.1 Principles of Phase Transfer Catalysis -- 5.4.2 Displacement Reactions -- 5.4.3 Superoxide Chemistry -- 5.4.4 Aromatic Substitution Reactions -- 5.4.5 Other Examples -- 5.4.6 Comparison of Crowns and Quaternary 'Onium Salts -- 5.5 Sensors and Switching -- 5.5.1 Switching Modes -- 5.5.2 Ionization Control or pH-Switching -- 5.5.3 Photochemical Control -- 5.5.4 Thermal Switching -- 5.5.5 Redox Switching -- 5.6 Polymerie Crown Ethers -- 5.7 Membranes and ChanneIs -- 5.7.1 Cation Transport -- 5.7.2 Cation-conducting Channels -- 5.7.3 Hydrophobie Maeroeycles: Mieelles and Membranes -- 5.8 Chirality, Complexation, and Enzyme Models -- 5.8.1 Cram's Chiral Crown Ethers -- 5.8.2 Rebek's Allosteric System -- 5.8.3 Cram's Protease Model. , 5.8.4 Receptor Molecules -- 5.9 Miscellaneous Applications and Developments -- 5.9.1 Metal-templated Catenane Formation -- 5.9.2 π-Complexed Catenane Formation -- 5.10 The Future of Crown Ether Chemistry -- Chapter 6 -- 6.1 Books on Crown Ethers, Cryptands, and Polyethers -- 6.2 Monographs on Phase Transfer Catalysis -- 6.3 Reviews and Articles -- Subject Index.

Note: Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Foreword -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- About the Authors -- Abbreviations, Acronyms, and Symbols -- Part 1 Introducing Mechanical Bonds -- Chapter 1 An Introduction to the Mechanical Bond -- Conspectus -- Introduction -- 1.1 The Ubiquity of the Mechanical Bond -- 1.1.1 Mechanical Bonds in Nature -- 1.1.2 Mechanical Bonds in Art -- 1.1.3 Mechanical Bonds in Everyday Life -- 1.2 Representing Molecular Mechanical Bonds -- 1.2.1 A Historical Perspective -- 1.2.2 Perspective Stereoformulas -- 1.2.3 Depictions in Color -- 1.2.4 Solid-State Portrayals -- 1.2.5 Graphical Representations -- 1.2.6 Technomorphs -- 1.3 Aesthetics of Mechanical Bonds -- 1.3.1 Beauty in Diversity -- 1.3.2 Topological Beauty -- 1.3.3 Architectural Beauty -- 1.3.4 Simplicity and Elegance -- 1.3.5 Complexity and Emergence -- 1.3.6 Beautiful Machines with Mechanical Bonds -- 1.3.7 The Art of the Mechanical Bond -- 1.4 Evolution of Mechanostereochemistry -- References -- Part 2 Making Mechanical Bonds -- Chapter 2 The Fundamentals of Making Mechanical Bonds -- Conspectus -- Introduction -- 2.1 Statistical Synthesis -- 2.2 Directed Synthesis -- 2.2.1 Covalent Templates -- 2.2.2 Covalent-Directed Capture -- 2.2.3 The Möbius Approach -- 2.3 Template-Directed Synthesis -- 2.3.1 Solvophobic Forces -- 2.3.2 Transition Metals Templates -- 2.3.3 π-Donor/π-Acceptor Templates -- 2.3.4 Hydrogen-Bonded Templates -- 2.3.5 Halogen-Bonded Templates -- 2.3.6 Anion-Binding Templates -- 2.3.7 Ion-Pair Templates -- 2.3.8 Other Cationic Templates -- 2.3.9 Macrocyclic Arenes and Heteroarenes -- 2.3.10 Radical-Pair Templates -- 2.3.11 Homophilic Templates -- 2.3.12 Biomolecular Templates -- 2.4 Active Template Synthesis -- 2.4.1 Active Copper Templates -- 2.4.2 Active Zinc Templates -- 2.4.3 Active Palladium Templates. , 2.4.4 Active Nickel Templates -- Conclusions and Outlook -- References -- Chapter 3 Making Mechanical Bonds Under Thermodynamic Control -- Conspectus -- Introduction -- 3.1 Slippage -- 3.1.1 Pseudorotaxane or Rotaxane? -- 3.1.2 Slippage of π-Donor/π-Acceptor Rotaxanes -- 3.1.3 Slippage of Hydrogen-Bonded Rotaxanes -- 3.1.4 Slippage Driven by Hydrophobic Interactions -- 3.1.5 Slippage of Anion-Binding Rotaxanes -- 3.1.6 Triumphs and Tribulations of Slippage -- 3.2 Self-Assembling Metallo-Organic MIMs -- 3.2.1 MIMs Possessing Group 10 Elements -- 3.2.2. MIMs Possessing Group 11 Elements -- 3.2.3 MIMs Possessing Group 12 Elements -- 3.2.4 MIMs Possessing Elements of Groups 7-9 -- 3.2.5 MIMs Possessing Alkaline Earth Elements -- 3.3 Mechanical Bond Formation by Condensation -- 3.3.1 Imines -- 3.3.2 Hydrazones -- 3.3.3 Boronic Esters and Boroxines -- 3.4 Mechanical Bond Formation by Olefin Metathesis -- 3.4.1 Ring-Closing Metathesis (RCM) -- 3.4.2 Cross Metathesis (CM) -- 3.5 Mechanical Bond Formation by Reversible Nucleophilic Reactions -- 3.5.1 Disulfide Exchange -- 3.5.2 Reversible Nucleophilic Substitutions -- 3.5.3 Michael Additions -- 3.6 Surface-Mounted MIMs -- Conclusions and Outlook -- References -- Part 3 Cultivating Mechanical Bonds -- Chapter 4 Molecular Topologies and Architectures with Mechanical Bonds -- Conspectus -- Introduction -- 4.1 Catenane Topologies -- 4.1.1 Prime Links -- 4.1.2 Composite Links -- 4.1.3 Multi-Annulated Catenanes -- 4.1.4 Covalently Bridged Catenanes -- 4.2 Rotaxane Architectures -- 4.2.1 [n]Rotaxanes -- 4.2.2 Dendritic Rotaxanes -- 4.2.3 Covalently Bridged Rotaxanes -- 4.3 Other Architectures with Mechanical Bonds -- 4.3.1 Catenarotaxanes -- 4.3.2 Rotamacrocycles -- 4.3.3 Ring-in-Ring Mechanomolecules -- 4.3.4 Self-Threaded Macropolycyclics -- 4.3.5 Suitanes -- 4.3.6 Foldaxanes. , 4.3.7 Braided and Interwoven Polymer Entanglements -- Conclusions and Outlook -- References -- Chapter 5 The Stereochemistry of the Mechanical Bond -- Conspectus -- Introduction -- 5.1 Dynamic Mechanostereoisomerism -- 5.1.1 Translation and Circumrotation -- 5.1.2 Pirouetting -- 5.1.3 Rocking -- 5.1.4 Robust Dynamics -- 5.2 Static Mechanostereoisomerism -- 5.2.1 Orientational Mechanostereoisomers -- 5.2.2 Sequence Mechanostereoisomers -- 5.2.3 Mechanically Chiral Mechanostereoisomers -- 5.2.4 Topological Stereoisomerism -- Concluding Remarks -- References -- Chapter 6 Molecular Switches and Machines with Mechanical Bonds -- Conspectus -- Introduction -- 6.1 Redox-Driven Switches -- 6.1.1 Redox-Switchable Donor-Acceptor (D-A) MIMs -- 6.1.2 Redox Switching of Metallo-Mechanomolecules -- 6.1.3 Redox Switching of Hydrogen-Bonded MIMs -- 6.1.4 Aqueous Redox Switching -- 6.2 Photo-Driven Switches -- 6.2.1 Switching Driven by Photoinduced Electron Transfer -- 6.2.2 Switching Driven by Photoisomerization -- 6.2.3 Switching in a Dissociative Excited State -- 6.2.4 Switching Driven by Photochemical Reactions -- 6.3 Acid/Base-Driven Switches -- 6.3.1 pH Switching Driven by Hydrophobic Effects -- 6.3.2 pH Switching Driven by Electrostatic Repulsion -- 6.3.3 pH Switching Driven by Hydrogen Bonding -- 6.3.4 pH Switching Driven by Metal Chelation -- 6.4 Cation-Triggered Switches -- 6.4.1 Switching with Transition Metal Cations -- 6.4.2 Switching with Alkali Metal Cations -- 6.4.3 Switching with Alkaline Earth Metal Cations -- 6.5 Anion-Triggered Switches -- 6.5.1 Switches Driven by Anion Solvation Effects -- 6.5.2 Switching Through Second-Sphere Interactions -- 6.5.3 Switches Driven by Anion Binding -- 6.6 Switches Driven by Molecular Recognition -- 6.6.1 Switches Driven by Neutral Small Molecules -- 6.6.2 Switches Driven by DNA Strand Displacement. , 6.7 Switches Driven by Covalent Reactions -- 6.7.1 Switches Driven by Acylations of Amines -- 6.7.2 Switches Driven by Reactions of Pyridines -- 6.7.3 Switches Driven by Protection of Aldehydes -- 6.7.4 Switches Driven by Diels-Alder Reactions -- 6.7.5 Switches Driven by (De)Hydrogenation -- 6.7.6 Switches Driven by the Mitsunobu Reaction -- 6.8 Solvent-Driven Switches -- 6.8.1 Switching Driven by Hydrogen Bond Disruption -- 6.8.2 Switching Driven by Solvation Effects -- 6.9 Thermally Driven Switches -- 6.9.1 Switching Driven by Entropic Effects -- 6.9.2 Switching Driven by Thermal Decomposition -- 6.10 Pressure-Driven Switches -- 6.11 Switches Driven by Electric Fields -- 6.12 Switches Driven by Mechanical Force -- 6.13 Beyond Translation and Circumrotation -- 6.13.1 Expansion and Contraction: Molecular Muscles with Mechanical Bonds -- 6.13.2 Ultramacrocyclic Constriction/Dilation -- 6.13.3 Motions of Branched Rotaxanes -- 6.13.4 The Gemini Co-Conformation -- 6.13.5 Rotaxane Flapping -- 6.13.6 Collapsing Mechanomolecules -- 6.13.7 Mechanically Constrained Inflation/Deflation -- 6.13.8 Folding/Unfolding in Mechanomolecules -- 6.13.9 Stepwise Motion in Pseudocatenanes -- 6.13.10 Molecular Pulleys -- 6.13.11 Multicomponent Pirouetting and Translation -- 6.13.12 Molecular Conveyor Belts -- 6.14 Condensed-Phase Switching -- 6.14.1 Condensed-Phase Redox Switches -- 6.14.2 Condensed-Phase Photoswitches -- 6.14.3 Condensed-Phase Chemical Switches -- 6.15 Mechanomolecular Motors and Machines -- 6.15.1 Systems-Coupled Functional Switches -- 6.15.2 Brownian Ratchets with Mechanical Bonds -- 6.15.3 Mechanically Bonded Molecular Assemblers -- Conclusions and Outlook -- References -- Appendix A: Glossary of Terminology -- Appendix B: Cover Art Gallery -- Index -- EULA.

Note: Self-Assembly In Supramolecular Systems -- Contents -- Chapter 1 Self-assembly: What Does it Mean? -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Self-assembly -- 1.3 Molecular Recognition -- 1.4 Scope of the Present Treatment -- Chapter 2 Intermolecular Interactions: The Glue of Supramolecular Chemistry -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Ionic and Molecular Recognition -- 2.3 The Basics -- 2.4 Electrostatic Interactions -- 2.5 Hydrogen Bonds -- 2.6 Van der Waals Interactions -- 2.7 π-π Interactions -- 2.8 Charge-transfer Interactions -- 2.9 Hydrophobic Binding -- 3.0 Final Comments -- Chapter 3 Hydrogen-bonded and π-Stacked Systems -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Simple Hydrogen-bonded and/or π-Stacked Assemblies -- 3.2.1 Simple Host-Guest Assemblies -- 3.2.2 Molecular Assembly as a Reaction Template -- 3.2.3 Larger Linked Systems -- 3.2.4 Molecular Tweezers -- 3.3 Cyclic Assemblies -- 3.3.1 Some Cyclic Oligomers -- 3.3.2 Molecular Boxes -- 3.4 Cylindrical Assemblies -- 3.5 Spherical Assemblies -- 3.5.1 Self-assembled Cages -- 3.6 Self-replicating Systems -- 3.7 Further Supramolecular Categories -- Chapter 4 Rotaxanes -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Directed Template Synthesis - Simple Host-Guest Adducts -- 4.3 Pseudorotaxanes -- 4.4 Simple Charged Rotaxanes -- 4.5 Synthesis by Slippage -- 4.6 Towards 'Switchable' Systems -- 4.7 Use of Dialkylammonium Groups for Threading Crowns -- 4.8 Uncharged Amide-containing Rotaxanes -- 4.9 Cyclodextrin-based Systems -- Chapter 5 Catenanes -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Statistical Threading -- 5.3 Charged Catenanes -- 5.3.1 Bis-[2]-catenanes -- 5.3.2 Higher-order Catenanes -- 5.4 Porphyrin-containing Catenanes -- 5.5 Neutral Catenanes -- 5.6 Cyclodextrin-containing Systems -- 5.7 DNA-based Systems -- 5.8 An Immobilised System -- 5.9 Other Catenanes and Knots -- Chapter 6 Metal-directed Synthesis - Rotaxanes, Catenanes, Helicates and Knots. , 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Catenanes and Rotaxanes -- 6.2.1 Synthesis of a [2]-Catenane -- 6.2.2 High-yield Synthesis of a [2]-Catenane -- 6.2.3 Other Catenanes and Rotaxanes -- 6.2.4 Poly-metallorotaxanes Containing Conjugated Rods -- 6.2.5 Further Polynuclear Systems -- 6.2.6 Redox Switching -- 6.2.7 A Hybrid [2]-Catenane -- 6.3 Helicates -- 6.4 Single-stranded Helicates -- 6.5 Double-stranded Helicates -- 6.5.1 Systems Based on Di- and Oligo-bipyridyl Derivatives -- 6.5.2 Systems Based on Directly-linked, Oligo-pyridines -- 6.5.3 Systems Incorporating Segmented Terpyridyl Derivatives -- 6.5.4 Systems Based on Benzimidazole and Related Ligands -- 6.5.5 Helicates Derived from Macrocyclic Ligand Systems -- 6.5.6 Systems Based on Non-transition Metal Templates -- 6.5.7 Controlling the Helicity -- 6.5.8 A Helical System Leading to a Multi-intertwined[2]-Catenane -- 6.6 Triple Helicates -- 6.6.1 Transition and Post-transition Metal Systems -- 6.6.2 Gallium and Titanium Systems -- 6.6.3 Lanthanide-containing Systems -- 6.7 Molecular Knots -- 6.7.1 A High Yield Trefoil Synthesis -- Chapter 7 Further Metal-containing Systems -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Metallocycles - Rings, Squares and Related Species -- 7.2.1 Rings -- 7.2.2 Squares -- 7.2.3 Related Polygonal and Polyhedral Systems -- 7.2.4 A Further Cage-like Structure -- 7.2.5 A Linked Metal-cluster System -- 7.2.6 Catenated Metallocycles -- 7.2.7 Porphyrin-containing Metallocycles -- 7.2.8 Higher Oligonuclear Metallocycles -- 7.3 Co-ordination Arrays -- 7.3.1 One-dimensional Systems -- 7.3.2 Two-dimensional Systems -- 7.3.3 Cylindrical System -- 7.3.4 Cages -- 7.3.5 Metal-containing Receptors -- 7.3.6 Metal-linked Dendrimers -- Subject Index.