Publication Date:
2022-05-25
Description:
© The Author(s), 2017. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here under a nonexclusive, irrevocable, paid-up, worldwide license granted to WHOI. It is made available for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 213 (2017): 237-254, doi:10.1016/j.gca.2017.06.002.
Description:
In this study, we present the first measurements of iron (Fe) stable isotopic composition (δ56Fe) of subglacial streams draining the Greenland Ice Sheet (GIS). We measure the δ56Fe values [(δ56Fe, ‰ = (56Fe/54Fe)sample/(56Fe/54Fe)standard-1) x 103] of both dissolved and suspended sediment Fe in subglacial outflows from five distinct land-terminating glaciers. Suspended sediments have δ56Fe values that lie within the crustal array (δ56Fe ~0‰). In contrast, the δ56Fe values of dissolved Fe in subglacial outflows are consistently less than 0‰, reaching a minimum of -2.1‰ in the outflow from the Russell Glacier. The δ56Fe values of dissolved Fe vary geographically and on daily time scales. Major element chemistry and mineral saturation state modeling suggest that incongruent silicate weathering and sulphide oxidation are the likely drivers of subglacial stream Fe chemistry, and that the extent of chemical weathering influences the δ56Fe of dissolved Fe. The largest difference in δ56Fe between dissolved and suspended load is -2.1‰, and occurs in the subglacial system from the Russell glacier (southwest GIS). Major element chemistry indicates this outflow to be the least chemically weathered, while more mature subglacial systems (i.e., that exhibit greater extents of subglacial weathering) have dissolved loads with δ56Fe that are indistinguishable from suspended sediments (Δ56Fesuspended-dissolved ~0‰). Ultimately, the dissolved Fe generated in some subglacial systems from the GIS is a previously unrecognized source of isotopically light Fe into the hydrosphere. The data illustrate that the dissolved Fe supplied by subglacial weathering can have variable δ56Fe values depending on the degree of chemical weathering. Thus, Fe isotopes have potential as a proxy for subglacial chemical weathering intensity or mode. Finally, based on our regional Fe concentration measurements from each glacial outflow, we estimate a flux weighted continental scale dissolved iron export of 2.1 Gg Fe yr-1 to the coastal ocean, which is within the range of previous estimates.
Description:
The Turner Postdoctoral Fellowship award to E.I.S. and the Packard Foundation Fellowship award to S.M.A funded this project. Iron isotope analytical work at Penn State was supported by NSF award EAR-0959092 to M.S.F.. Field work at the SQS site was further supported by the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution’s Ocean and Climate Change Institute Arctic Research Initiative research grant to S.B.D.
Repository Name:
Woods Hole Open Access Server
Type:
Preprint
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