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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A New Method for Simultaneous Measurement of Cl−, Br−, NO3−, SCN−, and I− at Sub-ppm Levels in Ground Water (1983)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 21 (1983), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: Ion-exchange high performance liquid chromatography coupled with ultraviolet absorption detection is shown to be a rapid and sensitive method for analysis of some common anions in water. Sensitivity of measurement is approximately 50 ppb for NO−2, NO−3, Br−, I−, and SCN− while Cl− has a detection limit in the one to ten ppm range. Chromatograms require 8 to 13 minutes to complete. Analyses are performed on either of two stationary phases (Whatman SAX 10 μm or Brownlee anion exchange) depending on the anions of interest in the analysis and their interferences.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1983.tb00702.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Trace Element Geochemistry in Water from Selected Springs in Death Valley National Park, California (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 34 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: Concentrations of 40 trace elements and other constituents in ground water from springs in Death Valley National Park were measured to investigate whether trace element composition of the ground water can be related to the aquifer materials. Samples from these springs were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) for the trace elements and by ion chromatography (IC) for the major anions. A Principal Component Analysis was performed on the data set. Surprise and Scotty's Springs formed one group; Texas, Nevares, and Travertine Springs formed another group; and Mesquite Springs did not group with any of the others. Scotty's and Surprise Spring issued from volcanic rocks; Texas, Nevares, and Travertine discharge from carbonate rocks; and Mesquite Spring is located in alluvial basin-fill deposits. The first three components in each Principal Component Analysis accounted for approximately 95% of the variance in the data set. The Principal Component Analysis suggests that ground water inherits its trace element composition from the rocks or aquifer material with which it has interacted and may be used for the purpose of identifying ground-water movement and source.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1996.tb01869.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Testing the Limits of ICP-MS: Determination of Trace Elements in Ground Water at the Part-Per-Trillion Level (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 32 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: An ICP-MS, equipped with an ultrasonic nebulizer and active-film multiplier detector, is used to attempt to determine 54 trace elements directly in ground water. Lithium, arsenic, rubidium, strontium, barium, and antimony are found in the microgram-per-liter (part-per-billion = ppb) range. Most of the other elements are present at nanogram-per-liter (part-per-trillion = ppt) concentrations. Ion exchange preconcentration is utilized in order to improve the sensitivity for measuring the rare earth elements that exist at concentrations as low as 0.05 ppt for lutetium, thulium, and terbium. The formation of molecular species in the plasma produces false positive results for some of the elements. The presence of silicon or carbon dioxide interferes with the measurement of scandium, strontium interferes with rhodium and palladium, and barium interferes with europium. Correction procedures for these interferences are discussed. All together, the concentrations of the 54 elements in water from four Nevada springs span almost seven orders of magnitude.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1994.tb00937.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Delineation of Ground-Water Flow Systems in the Southern Great Basin Using Aqueous Rare Earth Element Distributions (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 35 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: The rare earth element (REE) signature of ground waters from both felsic volcanic rocks on the Nevada Test Site and from the regional Paleozoic carbonate aquifer of southern Nevada resemble the REE signature of the rocks through which they flow. Moreover, the REE signatures of Ash Meadows ground waters are similar to those of springs in the Furnace Creek region of Death Valley but different from shallow ground waters from predominantly tuffaceous alluvial deposits in the Amargosa Desert, perched ground waters from felsic volcanic rocks, and ground waters that have only flowed through the regional Paleozoic carbonate aquifer. The similar REE patterns of Ash Meadows and Furnace Creek ground waters support previous investigations that suggested ground waters discharging from the Furnace Creek springs are similar to the ground waters emerging from the Ash Meadows springs. The REE patterns indicate that the contribution of ground water from the Amargosa Desert to the Furnace Creek springs is of minor importance. Our REE analyses along with previous stable isotope, ground-water potentiometric surface relationships, and geologic structure analyses support ground-water flow from east to west in the fractured and faulted carbonate rocks beneath Ash Meadows, the Amargosa Desert, and the southern end of the Funeral Mountains. Our observations are contrary to some previous investigations that identified shallow ground waters from the central and northwestern Amargosa Desert as a substantial component of the ground water that discharges from the Furnace Creek springs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1997.tb00149.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Trace enrichment of fluorinated organic acids used as ground-water tracers by liquid chromatography (1982)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Environmental science & technology 16 (1982), S. 250-254 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5851
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es00099a004
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of a Standard, Pure-Compound Base Gasoline Mixture for Use as a Reference in Field and Laboratory Experiments (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water monitoring & remediation 10 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6592
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: In recent years, leaking underground petroleum storage tanks have become a major environmental concern. Federal, state, and local agencies are making efforts to assess, control, and remediate petroleum product leaks. Because petroleum products are mixtures of many compounds and the composition frequently changes, there exists a need for a standard reference mixture that can be used as a basis for comparison in the study of fluid transport properties in porous media and to evaluate leak detection devices. The proposed standard presented here retains the most important liquid and vapor properties (such as vapor density, air diffusion coefficient, and basic chemical constituency) of gasoline mixtures. It also reduces the complexity of the mixture to make it an acceptable standard for routine use in laboratory and field experiments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6592.1990.tb00345.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The solubility control of rare earth elements in natural terrestrial waters and the significance of PO 4 3− and CO 3 2− in limiting dissolved rare earth concentrations: A review of recent information (1995)
    Springer
    Aquatic geochemistry 1 (1995), S. 157-173 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1421
    Keywords: rare earth elements ; lakes ; groundwaters ; activity products ; solubility products ; solubility controls ; complexation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Rare earth element (REE) concentrations in alkaline lakes, circumneutral pH groundwaters, and an acidic freshwater lake were determined along with the free carbonate, free phosphate, and free sulfate ion concentrations. These parameters were used to evaluate the saturation state of these waters with respect to REE phosphate and carbonate precipitates. Our activity product estimates indicate that the alkaline lake waters and groundwaters are approximately saturated with respect to the REE phosphate precipitates but are significantly undersaturated with respect to REE carbonate and sulfate precipitates. On the other hand, the acidic lake waters are undersaturated with respect to REE sulfate, carbonate, and phosphate precipitates. Although carbonate complexes tend to dominate the speciation of the REEs in neutral and alkaline waters, our results indicate that REE phosphate precipitates are also important in controlling REE behavior. More specifically, elevated carbonate ion concentrations in neutral to alkaline natural waters tend to enhance dissolved REE concentrations through the formation of stable REE-carbonate complexes whereas phosphate ions tend to lead to the removal of the REEs from solution in these waters by the formation of REE-phosphate salts. Removal of REEs by precipitation as phosphate phases in the acid lake (pH=3.6) is inconsequential, however, due to extremely low [PO 4 3− ] F concentrations (i.e., ∼ 10−23 mol/kg).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00702889
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Deciphering Groundwater Flow Systems in Oasis Valley, Nevada, Using Trace Element Chemistry, Multivariate Statistics, and Geographical Information System (2000)
    Springer
    Mathematical geology 32 (2000), S. 943-968 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8868
    Keywords: principal components analysis ; cluster analysis ; population partitioning ; trace element compositions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract The origin of groundwater discharging via evapotranspiration and from springs within Oasis Valley, Nevada, is of concern owing to the close proximity of the Nevada Test Site (NTS) and the possible contamination of groundwater as a result of underground nuclear testing. Principal components analysis, cluster analysis, and population partitioning, along with a Geographical Information System, were used to decipher groundwater flow patterns in Oasis Valley, Nevada. These multivariate statistical techniques were applied to the trace element chemistry of groundwater samples collected from 26 springs and wells within Oasis Valley, the NTS, and the Nellis Air Force Range. The results of all statistical analyses showed similar geographical trends in the trace element chemistry of the groundwaters included in this study. Differences are observed between the groundwaters from the NTS and those of Oasis Valley based on the concentrations of the elements Li, Ge, Mo, Rb, Ba, U, and Ru. A concentration gradient is observed from lower concentrations in the NTS to increasing concentrations toward Oasis Valley suggesting groundwater flow in an overall southwestward direction from the NTS. Also, a different trace element signature is observed for the waters collected in the northern and western region of Oasis Valley, suggesting another source of groundwater to this area.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007522519268
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