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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of adenylylsulfate reductase from Archaeoglobus fulgidus (2000)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 56 (2000), S. 1673-1675 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-0047
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: A group of anaerobic microorganisms use sulfate as the terminal electron acceptor for energy conservation. The process of sulfate reduction involves several enzymatic steps. One of them is the conversion of adenylyl sulfate (adenosine-5′-phosphosulfate) to sulfite, catalyzed by adenylylsulfate reductase. This enzyme is composed of a FAD-containing α-subunit and a β-subunit harbouring two [4Fe–4S] clusters. Adenylylsulfate reductase was isolated from Archaeoglobus fulgidus under anaerobic conditions and crystallized using the hanging-drop vapour-diffusion method using PEG 4000 as precipitant. The crystals grew in space group P212121, with unit-cell parameters a = 72.4, b = 113.2, c = 194.0 Å. The asymmetric unit probably contains two αβ units. The crystals diffract beyond 2 Å resolution and are suitable for X-ray structure analysis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0907444900013366
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of carbon dioxide and hydrostatic pressure on the pH of culture media and the growth of methanogens at elevated temperature (1988)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 28 (1988), S. 176-181 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary High pressure/high temperature investigations on thermophilic methanogens require specific precautions to provide well-defined pH conditions in their culture media. Applying CO2 as carbon source, sufficient buffering capacity of the culture medium is of crucial importance in investigations involving elevated pressures. In order to separate pressure effects on the growth and reproduction of thermophilic methanogens from pressure-induced protonation/deprotonation and increased solubility of gaseous components, direct pH measurements in common culture media in the absence and in the presence of CO2 were performed at elevated temperature (65° C), and at pressures up to 100 MPa. Neutral phosphate buffer at high pressure shows a significant downward shift of its pH which is strongly enhanced in the presence of CO2. In minimal media containing acetate, carbonate, formate and phosphate in ≤100 mM concentrations, 120 mM HEPES is found to provide optimum pH stability: near neutrality the pH change upon CO2 saturation in the absence and in the presence of HEPES amounts to ΔpH=2.10 and 0.41, respectively; the corresponding pressure dependences are ΔpH/100 MPa=-0.26 and -0.07. As taken from these results, the apparent pressure dependence of the optimum growth ofMethanococcus thermolithotrophicus at 65° C in minimal medium reflects the pH shift below the cutoff point of growth (pH 5.5), rather than pressure-induced growth inhibition. At constant pH, elevated pressure up to 400 MPa is found to increase the rate and yield of growth; at the same time, alterations in the phenotype of the bacterium are observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00694308
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Construction of a highly bioluminescent Nitrosomonas as a probe for nitrification conditions (1999)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 172 (1999), S. 45-50 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Key words Ammonia oxidation ; Bioluminescence ; Conjugation ; Nitrification inhibitor ; Nitrosomonas
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Cloned luciferase-encoding operons were transferred by conjugation to a natural isolate of the ammonia-oxidizing bacterial strain Nitrosomonas sp. RST41–3, thereby establishing conjugation as a tool for gene transfer into Nitrosomonas strains. Luminescence was dependent on the pH of the medium and the concentration of the substrate ammonium chloride. Moreover, the luminescence of the transconjugants was reduced immediately by micromolar concentrations of nitrapyrin and allylthiourea, which are specific inhibitors of nitrification. Our results indicate that luminescent Nitrosomonas strains may be useful as a probe to detect nitrification conditions in the natural environment as well as in sewage plants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002030050738
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cultivation of hyperthermophilic archaea in capillary tubes resulting in improved preservation of fine structures (1997)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 168 (1997), S. 373-379 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Key words Hyperthermophilic archaea ; Cultivation ; Cellulose capillary tubes ; Cryo-fixation ; Freeze-substitution ; Cell-to-cell connection ; Pyrodictium ; Thermoproteus ; Pyrobaculum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A method for cultivating hyperthermophilic archaea that results in very high cell densities and in improved structural preservation of the cells is described. Cellulose capillary tubes, originally introduced as containers for embedding for electron microscopy, were filled with cells, closed at both ends, and put into sterile culture medium. Within these capillaries, which serve as ultrafiltration chambers, cells could be cultivated to much higher cell densities than in regular cultures. The capillaries containing cells were processed for ultrathin-sectioning by fixation, freeze-substitution, and embedding. Using this cultivation procedure, centrifugation, which may destroy sensitive structural components, could be avoided, and the cells of hyperthermophilic archaea were well-preserved. These undisturbed cells revealed the following new structural features: (1) a high number of tubules in ultrathin-sections, indicating a well-preserved network of Pyrodictium cells and tubules; (2) “ultraflat areas” of Pyrodictium cells, with the two membranes being in direct contact and, at some places, bulging out, forming evaginations; (3) novel cell-to-cell connections between Thermoproteus cells and, similarly, between Pyrobaculum cells; and (4) a surface coat on Pyrobaculum aerophilum cells. The cultivation procedure offers distinct advantages over conventional techniques and might be applicable for improved electron microscopy of other sensitive microorganisms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002030050511
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enzymes of the reductive citric acid cycle in the autotrophic eubacterium Aquifex pyrophilus and in the archaebacterium Thermoproteus neutrophilus (1993)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 160 (1993), S. 306-311 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Autotroph ; Archaebacteria ; Aquifex ; Hydrogenobacter ; Thermoproteus ; CO2 fixation ; Reductive citric acid cycle
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The autotrophic carbon fixation pathway was studied in the thermophilic hydrogen oxidizing eubacterium Aquifex pyrophilus and in the thermophilic sulfur reducing archaebacterium Thermoproteus neutrophilus. Neither organism contained ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase activity suggesting that the Calvin cycle is not operating. Rather, all enzymes of the reductive citric acid cycle were found in A. pyrophilus. In T. neutrophilus ATP citrate lyase activity was detected which has not been achieved so far; this finding corroborates earlier work suggesting the presence of the reductive citric acid cycle in this archaebacterium. The reductive citric acid cycle for autotrophic CO2 fixation now has been documented in the eubacterial branches of the proteobacteria, in green sulfur bacteria, and in the thermophilic Knallgas bacteria as well as in the branch of the sulfur dependent archaebacteria.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00292082
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The phylogeny of archaebacteria, including novel anaerobic thermoacidophiles in the light of RNA polymerase structure (1982)
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 69 (1982), S. 197-204 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Abstract DNA-dependent RNA polymerases of archaebacteria are distinct from those of eubacteria both in structure and in function. They show similarities to those of the eukaryotic cytoplasm. Extremely thermophilic anaerobic sulfur-respiring archaebacteria isolated from solfataric waters represent four different families, the Thermoproteaceae, the “stiff filaments”, the Desulfurococcaceae and the Thermococcaceae, of a novel order, Thermoproteales. Together with the Sulfolobales, they form the second branch of the urkingdom of the archaebacteria besides that of the methanogens and extreme halophiles. Thermoplasma appears isolated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00398634
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