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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Oxford :Oxford University Press, Incorporated,
    Keywords: Marine ecology -- North Atlantic Ocean. ; Climatic changes -- Environmental aspects -- North Atlantic Ocean. ; Marine animals -- Climatic factors. ; North Atlantic Ocean -- Climate. ; Electronic books.
    Description / Table of Contents: This research level text focuses on the influence of climate variability on the marine ecosystems of the North Atlantic. The ecological impact of climate variability on population dynamics is addressed at the full range of trophic levels, from phytoplankton through zooplankton and fish to marine birds. Climate effects on biodiversity and community structure are also examined. Forty scientists from around the world synthesize what is currently known about how climateaffects the ecological systems of the North Atlantic and then place these insights within a broader ecological perspective. Many of the general features of the North Atlantic region are also seen in other marine ecosystems as well as terrestrial and freshwater systems. The final section of the bookmakes these generalities more explicit, so as to stimulate communication and promote co-operation amongst researchers who may previously have worked in semi-isolation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (267 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9780191523168
    DDC: 577.7/22/091631;577.731
    Language: English
    Note: Intro -- Contents -- Contributors -- Acronym list -- North Atlantic Region Map -- PART I: Background to climate variation and its effects on marine ecology -- 1 Climatic fluctuations and marine systems: a general introduction to the ecological effects -- 2 Climate variability over the North Atlantic -- 3 Modelling marine ecosystems and their environmental forcing -- PART II: Plankton populations -- 4 Responses of marine phytoplankton populations to fluctuations in marine climate -- 5 The influences of climate variability on North Atlantic zooplankton populations -- PART III: Fish and seabird populations -- 6 The responses of fish populations to ocean climate fluctuations -- 7 Marine birds and climate fluctuation in the North Atlantic -- PART IV: Community ecology -- 8 Responses of phytoplankton communities to climate variability -- 9 Effects of climate variability on benthic communities -- 10 Climatic influences on marine fish community ecology -- PART V: Climate impacts on North Atlantic marine ecology-views from outside -- 11 Climate and fisheries: an insight from the Central Pacific Ocean -- 12 Complexity of marine fisheries dynamics and climate interactions in the northeast Pacific Ocean -- 13 A fresh (water) perspective on the impacts of the NAO on North Atlantic ecology -- 14 A freshwater perspective on climate variability and its effect on marine ecosystems -- 15 Time lags in terrestrial and marine environments -- 16 The impacts of ENSO on terrestrial ecosystems: a comparison with NAO -- PART VI: Conclusion-what are the ecological effects of climate variation in the North Atlantic? -- Afterword -- References -- Glossary of Species Names -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- J -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- R -- S -- T -- W -- Y -- Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- Q -- R -- S -- T. , U -- V -- W -- Y -- Z -- Subject Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- Y -- Z.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Oecologia 67 (1985), S. 566-571 
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Cannibalism in whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus) is studied on the basis of an evolutionary model. The model predicts that individuals may be cannibalistic if they gain sufficiently in terms of fitness relative to the reduction in survival caused by this behaviour. If cannibalistic forms mainly increase survival it is predicted that cannibalism is particularly likely to be an evolutionarily optimal strategy if only a few age classes are being cannibalized and if, simultaneously, many age classes are cannibalistic. The same pattern, although less apparent, emerges on the basis of a model assuming that cannibalistic forms mainly increase fecundity. The whitefish in River Sokna spawn during late October to late November. Males dominate the spawning run numerically. Growth rate in mature stages is low, 1.0 cm·y-1 for males and 1.3 cm·y-1 for females. Yearly survival rate in mature stages is 0.574, and survival from egg to mature is 0.000078%. Larger whitefish on the average lay more and larger eggs than do smaller. Females were more cannibalistic than males; in total cannibalism contributed to an egg mortality of at least 8.8%. This is consistent with the derived theoretical predictions. Our theoretical and empirical analyses on whitefish are supported by the observed lack of sexual differences in the cannibalistic behaviour of brown trout (Salmo trutta) and Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Oecologia 65 (1985), S. 468-477 
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The hypotheses suggested by Chitty (1960) and by Charnov and Finerty (1980) in order to explain the occurrence of the microtine density cycle are investigated from a theoretical point of view. The former hypothesis assumes that the polymorphic behavioural patterns being observed in natural populations are genetically determined whereas the latter assumes these polymorphic behavioural patterns to be environmentally determined. For both theories we assume a patchy environment with dispersal between patches. We find, on the basis of a series of mathematical models comparing the two hypotheses, that Chitty's hypothesis does not seem to generate cycles whereas the Charnov-Finerty hypothesis may generate persistent density cycles: this is particularly so if dispersing individuals have the capacity to choose which patch to settle in and if the carrying capacity of each patch is high.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 401 (1999), S. 905-907 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Because apex predators exert considerable influence on the structure and function of top-down ecosystems, their responses to climate may shape responses at lower trophic levels. Previous reports of trophic cascades and ecosystem dynamics induced by predators have focused on changes in their ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 382 (1996), S. 310-311 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] DENNIS Chitty is known primarily for the 'Chitty hypothesis': "all species are capable of limiting their own population density without either destroying the food resources to which they are adapted, or depending upon enemies or climatic accidents to prevent them from doing so". A corollary of this ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Large-scale climatic fluctuations, such as the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), have been shown to affect many ecological processes. Such effects have been typically assumed to be linear. Only one study has reported a nonlinear relation; however, that nonlinear relation was monotonic (that is, ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Macmillan Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 391 (1998), S. 29-30 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] European amphibians and birds have been breeding consistently earlier over the past two to three decades,. These changes have been attributed to the observed trends in increasing average spring temperatures in Europe producing earlier growing seasons and increased forage availability. Here we ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Ecology has long been troubled by the controversy over how populations are regulated,. Some ecologists focus on the role of environmental effects, whereas others argue that density-dependent feedback mechanisms are central. The relative importance of both processes is still hotly debated, but ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 411 (2001), S. 1043-1045 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Life-history traits relating to growth and reproduction vary greatly among species and populations and among individuals within populations. In vole populations, body size and age at maturation may vary considerably among locations and among years within the same location. Individuals in ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Macmillan Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 394 (1998), S. 620-621 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Population ecologists have long been interested in two key topics: the first is the relative importance of intrinsic factors (such as the inhibition of reproduction at high population densities) and extrinsic environmental variations in determining population fluctuations; the second is ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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