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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Newark :John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated,
    Keywords: Genetics. ; DNA. ; Electronic books.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (252 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9783527624379
    Language: German
    Note: Intro -- Automatische genetische Analytik -- Vorwort -- Geleitwort -- Copyright Page -- Inhalt -- 1 Bedarf und Konzept einer integrierten automatischen DNA-Analyse -- 1.1 Was hat die DNA-Analyse so populär gemacht? -- 1.2 Methodische Quantensprunge machten die DNA,, reif" für die Routineanalyse -- 1.3 Was bedeutet integrierte automatische genetische Analyse? -- 1.3.1 Teilbereiche der molekularen DNA-Analyse -- 1.3.2 Das Konzept der Integration -- 2 Die DNA-Präparation für die automatische DNA- Analyse -- 2.1 Einführung -- 2.2 Vektoren für die DNA-Präparation -- 2.3 DNA-Präparation durch PCR -- 2.4 Methoden zur Plasmidpraparation -- 2.4.1 Alkalische Lyse -- 2.4.2 Boiling-Methode -- 2.4.3 Aufreinigung der Plasmid-DNA über Säulen -- 2.5 ,,Solid-Phase"-DNA-Präparation -- 2.6 Molekularbiologische Workstation -- 2.7 Auswirkungen der DNA-Template-Qualität auf die automatische DNA-Sequenzierung -- 2.8 Literatur -- 3 Die PCR als Grundlage in der molekularen DNA- Analyse -- 3.1 PCR - das Grundprinzip -- 3.2 Automatisierung der PCR -- 3.3 Optimierung von PCR-Reaktionen -- 3.3.1 Reaktionsparameter -- 3.3.2 Optimierungsstrategien -- 3.4 Optimierung der Amplifikationspräzision -- 3.5 Spezielle PCR-Verfahren -- 3.5.1 Touchdown-PCR -- 3.5.2 Nested-PCR -- 3.5.3 Hot-Start-Technik -- 3.6 Thermostabile Enzyme -- 3.6.1 Taq-DNA-Polymerase -- 3.6.2 rTth -DNA-Polymerase -- 3.6.3 VentTM DNA-Polymerase -- 3.6.4 Pfu-DNA-Polymerase -- 3.6.5 UITmaTM DNA-Polymerase -- 3.7 PCR und Kontaminationen -- 3.8 Analyse der Amplifikationsprodukte -- 3.8.1 Gelelektrophorese -- 3.8.2 High Performance Liquid Chromatographie (HPLC) -- 3.8.3 Kapillar-Elektrophorese (CE) -- 3.8.4 TaqManTM-Assay zur Analyse von PCR-Produkten -- 3.9 Literatur -- 4 Die DNA-Synthese als grundlegendes Werkzeug in der molekularen DNA-Analyse -- 4.1 Entwicklung der DNA-Synthese. , 4.2 Chemische Grundlagen der DNA-Synthese -- 4.3 Chemischer Ablauf der DNA-Synthese -- 4.3.1 Detritylierung -- 4.3.2 Monomeraddition -- 4.3.3 Capping -- 4.3.4 Oxidation -- 4.4 Automatisierung der DNA-Synthese -- 4.5 Optimierung der DNA-Synthese -- 4.6 Aufarbeitung von Oligonukleotiden -- 4.6.1 Gelelektrophorese -- 4.6.2 High Performance Liquid Chromatographie (HPLC) -- 4.6.3 Kapillar-Elektrophorese -- 4.7 Mögliche Konsequenzen der Verwendung nichtgereinigter Oligonukleotide auf spätere Anwendungen -- 4.8 Markierung von Oligonukleotiden -- 4.8.1 Biotin-Markierung -- 4.8.2 Phosphorylierung -- 4.8.3 Fluoreszenzmarkierung -- 4.9 Anwendungen von Oligonukleotiden -- 4.10 Literatur -- 5 DNA-Sequenzanalyse -- 5.1 Einleitung -- 5.2 Sequenzier-Techniken -- 5.2.1 Maxam-Gilbert-Sequenzierung -- 5.2.2 Sequenzierung nach Sanger -- 5.2.3 ,,Cycle-Sequenzierung -- 5.2.4 Multiplex-Sequenzierung -- 5.3 Templates -- 5.3.1 Phagen und Phagemide -- 5.3.2 Plasmide und Cosmide -- 5.3.3 PCR-Produkte -- 5.3.4 Magnetic Beads -- 5.4 Markierungs-Methoden -- 5.4.1 Sequenzierung mit markierten Primern -- 5.4.2 Sequenzierung mit markierten Desoxynukleotiden -- 5.4.3 Sequenzierung mit markierten Didesoxynukleotiden (DyeTerminatoren) -- 5.4.4 Nachträgliche Sequenz-Markierung -- 5.5 Der Weg zur vollständigen Sequenz -- 5.5.1 Geringer Aufwand für die Probenvorbereitung -- 5.5.2 Kurze Analysezeiten rnit hoher Genauigkeit -- 5.5.3 Hohe Leseweiten -- 5.5.4 Vergleichende Sequenzbestimmung -- 5.5.5 Detektionsverfahren -- 5.6 Datendarstellung -- 5.7 Literatur -- 6 DNA-Fragmentgrößenbestimmung und Quantifizierung -- 6.1 Einführung in die DNA-Fragmentanalyse -- 6.2 Markierung der DNA-Fragmente -- 6.2.1 Fluoreszenzmarkierte Primer -- 6.2.2 Markierung mit fluoreszenzmarkierten dNTPs -- 6.2.3 Markierung von dsDNA rnit Fluoreszenzdimeren (Interkalatoren). , 6.3 Exakte Längenbestimmung mit Hilfe eines internen Langenstandards -- 6.4 Sensitivität, Kapazität und Reproduzierbarkeit der automatischen Fragmentlängenbestimmung -- 6.5 Automatische Datenanalyse -- 6.6 Quantitative Anwendungen in der Fragmentanalyse -- 6.7 Mutations-Detektions-Methoden -- 6.7.1 Die Identifizierung von Mutationen -- 6.7.2 PCR-basierende Mutations-Detektions-Methoden -- 6.7.3 Multiplex-PCR für die Detektion von Deletionen -- 6.7.4 Detektion von Punktmutationen -- 6.7.5 Vergleich und Bewertung der verschiedenen Mutations-Detektions-Methoden -- 6.8 Kopplungsanalysen -- 6.9 STR-Analysen in der forensischen Spurenkunde -- 6.10 Automatische genetische Analyse in der Landwirtschaft -- 6.11 Literatur -- 7 Grundlagen und Entwicklung der multifluorophoren Laser-Scanning- Technologie -- 7.1 Einleitung -- 7.2 Die Ausgangssituation: Monomarkersysteme auf der Basis radioaktiver Nuklide oder einzelner Fluorochrome zur Detektion von DNA-Fragmenten -- 7.2.1 Radioaktivität -- 7.2.2 Chemilumineszenz -- 7.2.3 Fluorescein- und Rhodaminderivate, Ethidiumbromid, TOTO TM -- 7.2.4 Detektion von Emissionsstrahlung bei nichtradioaktiven Monomarkersystemen -- 7.2.5 Datenerfassung und -interpretation -- 7.3 Multimarkersysteme auf der Basis von Fluoreszenzfarbstoffen zur Detektion von DNA-Fragmenten -- 7.3.1 Das Systemkonzept -- 7.3.2 Chemische Struktur und physikalische Grundlagen der Fluorophore: Absorption, Emission und Empfindlichkeit -- 7.4 Laser-(Scanning-)Technologie als Grundlage eines Multimarker-Detektionssystems -- 7.4.1 Grundlagen der ,,On-line"-Detektion von Multimarkersystemen -- 7.4.2 Das Systemkonzept der Laser-Scanning-Technologie: Der Aufbau einer Multimarker-DNA-Analysestation mit hoher Kapazität -- 7.4.3 Das Systemkonzept der Laserdetektion bei der Multimarker-DNA-Analyse in Kapillaren. , 7.5 Variable Medien und Gellangen: Die vielseitigen Möglichkeiten der Elektrophorese mit ,,On-line"- Detektion -- 7.6 Perspektiven in der Detektionstechnologie -- 7.7 Literatur -- 8 Datenverarbeitung in der genetischen Analyse -- 8.1 Grundanforderungen: Integration, Automatisierung und Flexibilität -- 8.1.1 Integration -- 8.1.2 Automatisierung -- 8.1.3 Flexibilität -- 8.2 Einzelne Arbeitsprozesse der Datenverarbeitung in der genetischen Analyse -- 8.2.1 Datenvisualisierung -- 8.2.2 Dateneditierung -- 8.2.3 Datenanalyse -- 8.2.3.1 Sequenzalignment und Homologieanalysen -- 8.2.3.2 Sequenzassembling und Konsensussequenz-Generierung -- 8.2.3.3 Datenbanksuche -- 8.2.3.4 Sequenzstruktur- und Motivanalyse -- 8.2.3.5 Analyse des Informationsgehalts von DNA-Sequenzen -- 8.2.4 Datenarchivierung/Datenbanken -- 8.3 Spezifische Anforderungen bei der Analyse von DNA-Fragmentdaten -- 8.4 Kriterien für die Auswahl der Hard- und Software -- 8.4.1 Plattformübergreifendes Arbeiten -- 8.4.2 Erweiterbarkeit -- 8.4.3 Netzwerkfähigkeit -- 8.5 Sicherheit der Datenverarbeitung -- 9 Identifizierung von Genen und Markern -- 9.1 Genetische Kartierung -- 9.2 Kartierung von genetischen Markern -- 9.3 Automatisierung der Genotypisierung -- 9.4 Perspektiven der genetischen Kartierung -- 9.5 Literatur -- 10 Polymorphismus- und Mutationsanalyse -- 10.1 Segregationsanalyse gekoppelter polymorpher Marker -- 10.2 Mutationsanalyse -- 10.3 Zusammenfassung -- 10.4 Literatur -- 11 DNA-Analytik in der Forensik -- 11.1 Spurenmaterial in Kriminalfällen -- 11.2 Aussagekraft bei Übereinstimmungen von Erbmerkmalen -- 11.3 Forensisch bedeutsame Polymorphismen -- 11.4 Methoden der VNTR-Typisierung -- 11.4.1 Southern-Analyse -- 11.4.2 Polymerase Chain Reaktion (PCR) -- 11.5 Aussichten der VNTR-Typisierung -- 11.6 Weitere Aspekte der DNA-Analyse in der Forensik -- 11.7 Literatur. , 12 DNA-Sequenzierung in der medizinischen Mikrobiologie -- 12.1 Einführung -- 12.2 Theoretische Grundlagen -- 12.3 Humanes Immundefizienzvirus -- 12.3.1 Sequenzvariation von HIV-Subtypen -- 12.3.2 Sequenzvariation in der PND des HIV-1/gp120-Oberflächenproteins -- 12.3.3 Bestimmung antiretroviraler Resistenzen gegen HIV-Therapeutika -- 12.4 Hepatitis B-Virus -- 12.5 Resistenzentwicklungen bei bakteriellen Erregern -- 12.6 Ausblick -- 12.7 Literatur -- 13 Anwendung molekularbiologischer Methoden im Agrarbereich -- 13.1 Einleitung -- 13.2 Malignes Hyperthermie-Syndrom beim Schwein (MHS) -- 13.3 Bovine Leukozyten-Adhäsions-Defizienz (BLAD) -- 13.4 Molekularbiologische Bestimmung der Milchproteinvarianten -- 13.5 DNA-Fingerprinting -- 13.6 DNA-Mikrosatelliten-Analyse -- 13.7 Zusammenfassung -- 13.8 Literatur -- Glossar -- Sachverzeichnis.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    350 Main Street, Malden, MA 02148, USA. : Blackwell Futura Publishing, Inc.
    Journal of interventional cardiology 16 (2003), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1540-8183
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Interventional occlusion of pulmonary arteriovenous malformations with large feeding arteries may be associated with an increased risk of device embolization. In a 40-year-old patient with a solitary pulmonary arteriovenous malformation one large feeding artery was successfully closed by means of an Amplatzer septal occluder and detachable coils. The use of an Amplatzer septal occluder should be considered as an alternative therapeutic option in cases of huge pulmonary arteriovenous malformation to reduce the risk of device embolization. (J Interven Cardiol 2003;16:335–339)
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of interventional cardiology 14 (2001), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1540-8183
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Four different types of occluder systems were used to close a persistent foramen ovale (PFO) in 162 patients with paradoxical embolic events. Ninety-eight patients had ischemic stroke, 60 transient ischemic attacks (TIA) or prolonged reversible ischemic neurological deficit (PRIND), and 4 had peripheral arterial embolism. The age of the patients was 40.2 ± 11.9 years and the ischemic event had happened 7 ± 10 months before device closure. CardioSeal and Amplatzer occluders were the most commonly used devices (73 and 77 cases, respectively). Implantations were successful in all patients. Serious catheter-related complications included two device embolizations and two venous bleedings. Six patients had documented supraventricular arrhythmias within the first month after implantation, which disappeared spontaneously within some weeks without therapy in three patients; the other three patients with atrial fibrillation needed conversion to sinus rhythm. Residual leaks were found in 5 out of 116 patients who had been followed by transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) and one leak was closed by a second device. During a follow-up period of 19.4 ± 16.2 months per patient, TIA and PRIND occurred in 3 of 116 patients. Interventional closure of PFO is a simple, effective and quick method that is superior to surgery and avoids the problems of life-long anticoagulation. (J Interven Cardiol 2001;14:223–230)
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-1971
    Keywords: Open heart surgery ; Children ; Congenital heart disease ; Jehovah's Witnesses ; Hemodilution ; Cardiopulmonary bypass
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Between January 1979 and July 1989, 15 children of Jehovah's Witnesses underwent corrective open surgery for congenital heart disease (CHD) on cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Ages ranged from 1.5–17 years and body weight from 9.1–63 kg, with five patients weighing less than 15 kg. Eight children were cyanotic, and two of them had had previous thoracic operations. All operations were performed in moderate to deep hypothermia using a modified version of isovolemic hemodilution with bloodless priming technique of extracorporeal circulation. Mean hematocrit levels decreased from 47.3% (36.9–70%) to 34.6% (27.2–49.1%) after hemodilution, and then to 17.9% (10.5–25.6%) during bypass. They increased again to 34.1% (24.4–50%) at the end of the operation and to 33.4% (25.1–40%) on day 12. All intra- and postoperative hematocrit levels were significantly lower (p〈0.001). There was one postoperative death, not related to the technique. Our results demonstrate that bloodless cardiac surgery on bypass is feasible in children as shown in this special group of children of Jehovah's Witnesses. Knowing the risks of homologous blood transfusion this technique should be used more extensively in the future.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-1971
    Keywords: Atypical Kawasaki disease ; Toxic shock syndrome ; Infancy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A 7-month-old male infant with clinical symptoms of severe toxic shock syndrome died on day 9 of illness. At autopsy, demonstration of coronary vasculitis together with thrombosis of the left coronary artery revealed the true diagnosis of atypical Kawasaki disease. The marked similarity in many clinical features makes the distinction between these two diseases difficult when atypical clinical presentation of Kawasaki disease is present.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-1971
    Keywords: Scimitar syndrome ; Absence of the right pulmonary artery ; Pulmonary hypertension ; Pneumonectomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary An infant with scimitar syndrome, absent right pulmonary artery, and systemic blood supply to the right lung presented in severe cardiac failure. Cardiac catheterization revealed suprasystemic pressure of the left pulmonary artery and a high pulmonary vascular resistance. Right-sided pneumonectomy abolished cardiac failure and normalized both pulmonary artery pressure and resistance. Pure volume load affecting one lung—as in this case through absence of the right pulmonary artery plus additional left-to-right shunt from a systemic collateral—can lead to pulmonary hypertension. Early operative intervention can reverse this process and prevent pulmonary vascular disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-1971
    Keywords: Supravalvar aortic stenosis ; Aortic aneurysms ; Defect of elastic fibers ; Autosomal dominant transmission
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In a male patient with supravalvar aortic stenosis (SAS) and peripheral pulmonary arterial stenoses, aortic aneurysms developed between his first and fourth years of life. He died five days after correction of SAS and resection of aneurysms. Histologic examination revealed disarrangement as well as severe degeneration of elastic fibers in the aortic wall. This tissue defect is probably inherited through an autosomal dominant mechanism. It may lead to aneurysm formation. Only one case of SAS with aortic aneurysm has been previously reported.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0941-1216
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Starting with monochiral 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-3,6-dimethyl quinoline 14a,b, (Schemes 1 and 2), we have synthsized the new chiral, symmetrical and unsymmetrical, tri- and pentamethinium streptocyanine dyes 2a, (Scheme 8), 4a, (Scheme 5), and 5a,b, (Scheme 4), resp. 9a, (Scheme 6), 10a,b, (Scheme 4), and 11a, (Scheme 7) with one or two stereogenic centers in the two heterocyclic end groups. The absolute configuration of 14a,b, and thus the absolute configuration of all monochiral polymethinium dyes derived from 14a,b, has been determined by a single-crystal X-ray analysis of its 4-bromobenzenesulfonyl derivative 17a, (Scheme 1 and Fig. 1). The UV/Vis spectroscopic and chiroptical properties of the new polymethinium dyes have been studied for the first time and compared with that of similar streptocyanine dyes synthesized earlier (Tables 1 and 2) in order to find possible correlations between chiroptical properties and molecular structure.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0947-3440
    Keywords: Cyanine dyes, chiral ; Dyes ; [2.2.2]Heptamethinediium cyanine dyes, chiral ; Pentamethinium cyanine dyes, chiral ; Polymethine cyanine dyes, chiral ; Trimethinium cyanine dyes, chiral ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Starting with natural monochiral (-)-(S)-2-methyl-1-butanol (1a) generated by alcoholic fermentations, we have synthesized the new monochiral heterocyclic iminium salt (+)-(3R,15S)-3-sec-butyl-1,2,3-trimethylindoleninium tetrafluoroborate (11) in an eight-step reaction sequence. Important steps of this sequence are the zeolite-catalyzed Fischer synthesis of the monochiral indole 6a from the phenylhydrazone of ketone 5a and the separation of the diastereomeric salts 9 and 10 by fourfold fractional recrystallization from ethanol. With the new quaternary iminium salt 11, new monochiral dinuclear tri- (13) and pentamethinium cyanine dyes (14) as well as the trinuclear [2.2.2]heptamethinediium 17 and [1.1.1]tetramethinium cyanine dyes 18 have been synthesized. The absolute configuration of the four stereogenic centers in the cyanine dye 14 has been confirmed by means of an X-ray structural analysis. Spectroscopical and chiroptical properties of all new cyanine dyes have been determined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1434-193X
    Keywords: Cyanines ; Dyes ; Chirality ; Hexahydroquinidine ; Hexahydroquinine ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Starting from the 1′,2′,3′,4′,10,11-hexahydroquinines 3a-c (Schemes 1 and 3) and 1′,2′,3′,4′,10,11-hexahydroquinidine 6c (Scheme 2), we have synthesized the new chiral, symmetrical pentamethinium streptocyanine dyes 11a-c (Scheme 4) and 12c (Scheme 5). These products have a total of ten stereogenic centers in the two heterocyclic end groups, the absolute configurations of eight of which are known from the natural starting material, i.e. (-)-quinine 1a, (-)-10,11-dihydroquinine 2a, (+)-quinidine 4a, and (+)-10,11-dihydroquinidine 5a. The latter four compounds were hydrogenated at 70 bar and 70 °C in the presence of Raney nickel as catalyst to give the hexahydroquinine 3c and the hexahydroquinidine 6c, respectively. The hexahydroquinine 3c was separated into the corresponding diastereomers 3a and 3b by means of fractional crystallization of its salts with monochiral mandelic acid (Scheme 3).
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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