Note: Front Cover -- The Kybernetics of Natural Systems: A Study in Patterns of Control -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Preface -- INTRODUCTION -- CHAPTER 1. KYBERNETICS OF NON-LIVING SYSTEMS -- Negative and positive feed-back -- Stability and Runaway -- Explosive and Controlled Reactions -- Pulsating Stars -- Exploding Stars -- Kybemetic Patterns of Behaviour -- CHAPTER 2. CONTROL OF INVOLUNTARY MUSCLES -- The Autonomic Nervous System -- Relaxation and Spasm -- The Pelvic Sphincters -- Kybernetics of Childbirth -- CHAPTER 3. CONTROL OF VOLUNTARY MUSCLES -- Error or Distance from Goal -- Kybernetics of Nystagmus -- Oculo-gyric Crises -- CHAPTER 4. KYBERNETICS OF NEURAL CONTROL -- Levels of Organization -- The Unit of Neural Energy -- Sensory Deprivation -- The Source of Neural Energy -- CHAPTER 5. KYBERNETICS OF INVERTEBRATES -- The Swimming of Jelly Fish -- The Movements of Anemones -- The Spawning of Mussels -- Oscillation and Stability in Worms -- Flight Control in Locusts -- Dynamics of the Cockroach -- CHAPTER 6. KYBERNETICS OF VERTEBRATES -- The Lamprey -- The Lateral Line -- The Otoliths -- Stretch Receptors in Fish -- Muscle Spindles in Mammals -- The Anti-gravity Augmentor System -- Acute and Chronic Poliomyelitis -- Spinal Animals -- Decerebrate Animals -- The Influence of Gravity -- CHAPTER 7. KYBERNETICS OF HUMAN SOCIETY -- The Laws of Kybemetics -- Kybernetics and Sociology -- Kybernetics and the Historical Process -- Kybemetics of War -- The Destiny of Man -- INDEX.

Note: Intro -- Preface -- Contributors -- Contents -- List of Color Plates -- Introduction -- Section I Systematics and Biogeography -- 1 Checklist of the Iguanine and Malagasy Iguanid Lizards -- 2 Biogeographical Aspects of the Distribution of Malagasy Iguanids and Their Implications -- Section II Food and Energetics -- 3 Energy Requirements of Free-Living Iguanid Lizards -- 4 Adaptations to Herbivory in Iguanine Lizards -- 5 The Hindgut Fermentation in the Green Iguana, Iguana iguana -- 6 Feeding Strategy of the Caicos Ground Iguana, Cyclura carinata -- Section III Demography and Life History Strategies -- 7 Evolution of Nesting Patterns in Iguanine Lizards -- 8 Latitude and Climate in the Phenology of Reproduction in the Green Iguana, Iguana iguana -- 9 The Phenology, Growth, and Survival of the Green Iguana, Iguana iguana, in Northern Colombia -- 10 Growth and Ecology of Spiny-Tailed and Green Iguanas in Costa Rica, with Comments on the Evolution of Herbivory and Large Body Size -- 11 Ecology and Evolution of the Insular Gigantic Chuckawallas, Sauromalus hispidus and Sauromalus varius -- Section IV Adaptive Behavior and Communication -- 12 The Aggressive Displays of Iguanine Lizards -- 13 Displays of Captive Banded Iguanas, Brachylophus fasciatus -- 14 The Behavioral Inventory of the Green Iguana, Iguana iguana -- 15 Orientation in Dispersing Hatchling Green Iguanas, Iguana iguana -- 16 The Benefits of Sleeping Aggregations in Marine Iguanas, Amblyrhynchus cristatus -- Section V Social Organization -- 17 Socio-Ecological Determinants of Mating Strategies in Iguanine Lizards -- 18 The Mating Behavior of the Green Iguana, Iguana iguana -- 19 Social Organization and Ecology of Land Iguanas, Conolophus subcristatus, on Isla Fernandina, Galapagos -- 20 Reproductive Behavior of Galapagos Land Iguanas, Conolophus pallidus, on Isla Santa Fe, Galapagos. , 21 Variation in Iguanine Social Organization: Mating Systems in Chuckawallas(Saurornalus) -- Section VI Conservation and Management -- 22 Exploitation of Iguanas in Central America -- 23 Behavior, Ecology, and Conservation of South Pacific Banded Iguanas, Brachylophus, Including a Newly Discovered Species -- Epilogue: Iguana as Symbol -- Bibliography -- Species Indexes.

Note: Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Preface -- Contents -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1. Charged Particle Beams -- 1.2. Methods and Organization -- 1.3. Single-Particle Dynamics -- 2. Phase-Space Description of Charged Particle Beams -- 2.1. Particle Trajectories in Phase Space -- 2.2. Distribution Functions -- 2.3. Numerical Calculation of Particle Orbits with Beam-Generated Forces -- 2.4. Conservation of Phase-Space Volume -- 2.5. Density and Average Velocity -- 2.6. Maxwell Distribution -- 2.7. Collisionless Boltzmann Equation -- 2.8. Charge and Current Densities -- 2.9. Computer Simulations -- 2.10. Moment Equations -- 2.11. Pressure Force in Collisionless Distributions -- 2.12. Relativistic Particle Distributions -- 3. Introduction to Beam Emittance -- 3.1. Laminar and Nonlaminar Beams -- 3.2. Emittance -- 3.3. Measurement of Emittance -- 3.4. Coupled Beam Distributions, Longitudinal Emittance, Normalized Emittance, and Brightness -- 3.5. Emittance Force -- 3.6. Nonlaminar Beams in Drift Regions -- 3.7. Nonlaminar Beams in Linear Focusing Systems -- 3.8. Compression and Expansion of Nonlaminar Beams -- 4. Beam Emittance-Advanced Topics -- 4.1. Linear Transformations of Elliptical Distributions -- 4.2. Transport Parameters from Particle Orbit Theory -- 4.3. Beam Matching -- 4.4. Nonlinear Focusing Systems -- 4.5. Emittance in Storage Rings -- 4.6. Beam Cooling -- 5. Introduction to Beam-Generated Forces -- 5.1. Electric and Magnetic Fields of Beams -- 5.2. One-Dimensional Child Law for Nonrelativistic Particles -- 5.3. Longitudinal Transport Limits for Magnetically Confined Electron Beams -- 5.4. Space-Charge Expansion of a Drifting Beam -- 5.5. Transverse Forces in Relativistic Beams -- 6. Beam-Generated Forces-Advanced Topics -- 6.1. Space-Charge-Limited Flow with an Initial Injection Energy. , 6.2. Space-Charge-Limited Flow from a Thermionic Cathode -- 6.3. Space-Charge-Limited Flow in Spherical Geometry -- 6.4. Bipolar Flow -- 6.5. Space-Charge-Limited Flow of Relativistic Electrons -- 6.6. One-Dimensional Self-Consistent Equilibrium -- 6.7. KV Distribution -- 7. Electron and Ion Guns -- 7.1. Pierce Method for Gun Design -- 7.2. Medium-Perveance Guns -- 7.3. High-Preveance Guns and Ray-Tracing Codes -- 7.4. High-Current Electron Sources -- 7.5. Extraction of Ions at a Free Plasma Boundary -- 7.6. Plasma Ion Sources -- 7.7. Charged-Particle Extraction from Grid-Controlled Plasmas -- 7.8. Ion Extractors -- 8. High-Power Pulsed Electron and Ion Diodes -- 8.1. Motion of Electrons in Crossed Electric and Magnetic Fields -- 8.2. Pinched Electron Beam Diodes -- 8.3. Electron Diodes with Strong Applied Magnetic Fields -- 8.4. Magnetic Insulation of High-Power Transmission Lines -- 8.5. Plasma Erosion -- 8.6. Reflex Triode -- 8.7. Low-Impedance Reflex Triode -- 8.8. Magnetically Insulated Ion Diode -- 8.9. Ion Flow Enhancement in Magnetically Insulated Diodes -- 9. Paraxial Beam Transport with Space Charge -- 9.1. Envelope Equation for Sheet Beams -- 9.2. Paraxial Ray Equation -- 9.3. Envelope Equation in a Quadrupole Lens Array -- 9.4. Limiting Current for Paraxial Beams -- 9.5. Multiple-Beam Ion Transport -- 9.6. Longitudinal Space-Charge Limits in RF Accelerators and Induction Linacs -- 10. High-Current Electron Beam Transport Under Vacuum -- 10.1. Motion of Electrons through a Magnetic Cusp -- 10.2. Propagation of Beams from an Immersed Cathode -- 10.3. Brillouin Equilibrium of a Cylindrical Electron Beam -- 10.4. Interaction of Electrons with Matter -- 10.5. Foil Focusing of Relativistic Electron Beams -- 10.6. Wall Charge and Return Current for a Beam in a Pipe -- 10.7. Drifts of Electron Beams in a Solenoidal Field. , 10.8. Guiding Electron Beams with Solenoidal Fields -- 10.9. Electron Beam Transport in Magnetic Cusps -- 11. Ion Beam Neutralization -- 11.1. Neutralization by Comoving Electrons -- 11.2. Transverse Neutralization -- 11.3. Current Neutralization under Vaccum -- 11.4. Focal Limits for Neutralized Ion Beams -- 11.5. Acceleration and Transport of Neutralized Ion Beams -- 12. Electron Beams in Plasmas -- 12.1. Space-Charge Neutrlization in Equilibrium Plasmas -- 12.2. Oscillations of an Unmagnetized Plasma -- 12.3. Oscillations of a Neutralized Electron Beam -- 12.4. Injection of a Pulsed Electron Beam into a Plasma -- 12.5. Magnetic Skin Depth -- 12.6. Return Current in a Resistive Plasma -- 12.7. Limiting Current for Neutralized Electron Beams -- 12.8. Bennett Equilibrium -- 12.9. Propagation in Low-Density Plasmas and Weakly Ionized Gases -- 13. Transverse Instabilities -- 13.1. Instabilities of Space-Charge-Dominated Beams in Periodic Focusing Systems -- 13.2. Betatron Waves on a Filamentary Beam -- 13.3. Frictional Forces and Phase Mixing -- 13.4. Transverse Resonant Modes -- 13.5. Beam Breakup Instability -- 13.6. Transverse Resistive Wall Instability -- 13.7. Hose Instability of an Ion-Focused Electron Beam -- 13.8. Resistive Hose Instability -- 13.9. Filamentation Instability of Neutralized Electron Beams -- 14. Longitudinal Instabilities -- 14.1. Two-Stream Instability -- 14.2. Beam-Generated Axial Electric Fields -- 14.3. Negative Mass Instability -- 14.4. Longitudinal Resistive Wall Instability -- 15. Generation of Radiation with Electron Beams -- 15.1. Inverse Diode -- 15.2. Driving Resonant Cavities with Electron Beams -- 15.3. Longitudinal Beam Bunching -- 15.4. Klystron -- 15.5. Traveling-Wave Tube -- 15.6. Magnetron -- 15.7. Mechanism of the Free-Electron Laser -- 15.8. Phase Dynamics in the Free-Electron Laser -- Bibliography -- Index.

Note: Cover -- Contents -- Contributors to Volume 2 -- Editors' Preface -- Chapter 1. Melezitose and Turanose -- Introduction -- I. The Larch Manna of Briançon -- II. The Alhagi Manna (Turanjabine) -- III. The Presence of Melezitose in Several Types of Honeydew -- IV. Turanose Phenylosazone -- V. Establishment of the True Composition of Melezitose and Turanose -- VI. The Manna of the Douglas Fir -- VII. The Occurrence of Melezitose in Honey -- VIII. The Crystallography of Melezitose -- IX. The Optical Properties of Melezitose -- X. Crystalline Turanose -- XI. The Five Turanose Octaacetates and Related Derivatives -- XII. Structural Interpretation of the Mutarotation of Turanose -- XIII. Proof of the Structure of Turanose -- XIV. Generalization of the Relationship between the Structures of Turanose and Maltose -- XV. Proof of the Normal Character of the Phenylosazones of Turanose and Maltose -- XVI. Discussion of the Structure of Melezitose -- XVII. The Monohydrate of Melezitose -- XVIII. The Specific Rotation of Melezitose -- Chapter 2. The Chemistry of Anhydro Sugars -- I. Introduction -- II. Classification -- III. The Mechanism of Anhydro Ring Formation. -- IV. The Scission of Anhydro Rings of the Ethylene Oxide Type -- V. Anhydro Sugars of the Hydrofuranol Type -- VI. Anhydro Sugars of the Glycosan Type -- VII. The Use of Anhydro Sugars in Synthesis -- VIII. Tables of Properties of Anhydro Sugars and Their Derivatives -- Chapter 3. Analogs of Ascorbic Acid -- I. Synthesis of Analogs of Ascorbic Acid -- II. Desoxy and Amino Derivatives of Ascorbic Acid. -- III. Physiological Activity of Analogs of Ascorbic Acid.. -- IV. Structure of Analogs of Ascorbic Acid. -- V. Analogs of L-Ascorbic Acid Containing One Enolic Hydroxyl Group. -- Chapter 4. Synthesis of Hexitols and Pentitols from Unsaturated Polyhydric Alcohols -- I. Historical Foreword. , II. Synthesis of Hexitols from Unsaturated Intermediates. -- III. Synthesis of Pentitols from Unsaturated Intermediates -- Chapter 5. The Interrelation of Carbohydrate and Fat Metabolism -- I. Introduction -- II. The Transformation of Carbohydrate to Fat -- III. The Transformation of Fat to Carbohydrate -- IV. The Relation of Ketosis to Carbohydrate Oxidation -- V. Lactose and Fat Utilization -- Chapter 6. The Chemistry of Mucopolysaccharides and Mucoproteins -- I. Introduction -- II. Classification of Protein-carbohydrate Complexes -- III. The Monosaccharide Units -- IV. Mucopolysaccharides -- V. Mucoproteins -- VI. Mucolipids -- Chapter 7. Bacterial Polysaccharides -- I. Introduction -- II. Bacterial Cellulo se -- III. Dextrans -- IV. The Structures of Other Bacterial Polysaccharides -- V. Levans -- VI. Miscellaneous Methods for Determination of Polysaccharide Structures -- VII. Conclusion -- Chapter 8. The Chemistry of Pectic Materials -- 1. Introduction: General Characteristics of Pectin -- II. Early Work on the Structure of Pectin -- III. Pectic Acid -- IV. Araban -- V. Galactan -- Chapter 9. The Polyfructosans and Difructose Anhydrides -- I. Polyfructosans -- II. Difructose Anhydrides -- III. Miscellaneous -- Chapter 10. Cellulose Ethers of Industrial Significance -- I. Present and Potential Status of Cellulose Ethers -- II. The Raw Materials -- III. Etherifying Agents -- IV. Procedure Followed in Etherification -- V. Chemistry of the Etherification -- VI. Modifications of the Procedure -- VII. Ethers of Cellulose Soluble in Organic Solvents -- VIII. Water-soluble Ethers of Cellulose -- IX. Cellulose Ethers Soluble in Dilute Alkali but not in Water -- X. Use of Cellulose Ethers as Intermediates -- Author Index -- Subject Index -- Errata for Volume 1 -- Contents of Volume 1.

Note: Front Cover -- Advances in Carbohydrate Chemistry, Volume 4 -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Contributors To Volume 4 -- Charter 1. The Structure and Configuration of Sucrose (α-D-Glucopyranosyl-β- D-Fructofuranoside) -- I. Introduction -- II. Earlier Observations on Structure -- III. Determination of the Cyclic Structures in Sucrose -- IV. Configuration of the Glycosidic Bonds in Sucrose -- V. The Related Structure of Isosucrose -- VI. Biochemical Syntheses in the Sucrose Series -- Charter 2. Blood Group Polysaccharides -- I. Introduction -- II. Blood Group Substances from Erythrocytes -- III. Blood Group Substances from Other Sources -- IV. Properties and Chemistry of blood group Substances -- V. Naturally Occurring Polysaccharide Complexes of Interest in Connection with Blood Group Substances -- VI. Antigenic Properties of Blood Group Substances -- VII. Artificial Antigens from Blood Group Substances -- VIII. Destruction of Blood Group Substances by Specific Enzymes -- Charter 3. Apiose and the Glycosides of the Parsley Plant -- I. Introduction -- II. Definition of the Names Apiin, Petroselinin, Apigenin and Diosmetin -- III. Early Knowledge of Parsley and Its Glycosides -- IV. Investigations of "Crude Apigenin -- V. Synthesis of 5,7,4'-Trihydroxyflavone by v. Kostanecki and the Establish-ment of Its Identity with Natural Apigenin -- VI. Isolation of Diosmetin from "Crude Apigenin" and Its Identification as 5,7,3'-Trihydroxy-4'-methoxyflavone -- VII. The Carbohydrate Components of the Parsley Glycosides -- VIII. The Configuration of Apiose -- IX. Discussion of Possible Formulas for Apiin and Petroselinin -- X. The Action of Alkali on Apiin and 7-Apigenin β-D-Glucopyranoside -- Charter 4. Biochemical Reductions at the Expense of Sugars -- I. Introduction -- II. The Phytochemical Reduction of Aldehydes. , III. The Phytochemical Reduction of Ketones -- IV. The Phytochemical Reduction of Diketones and Quinones -- V. The Phytochemical Reduction of Polycarbonyl Compounds -- VI. The Phytochemical Reduction of Heterocyclic Compounds -- VII. The Phytochemical Reduction of Unsaturated Ethylenic Linkages -- VIII. The Phytochemical Reduction of Thioaldehydes and Disulfides -- IX. The Phytochemical Conversion of Thiosulfate into Hydrogen Sulfide and Sulfite and the Bioreduction of Other Inorganic Compounds -- X. The Phytochemical Conversion of Nitrogen-Oxygen Compounds and Other Nitro Compounds -- XI. General Considerations Regarding the Character of Phytochemical Reduc-tions -- XII. Phytochemical Reductions by Means of Microbes -- Charter 5. The Acylated Nitriles of Aldonic Acids and Their Degradation -- I. Introduction -- II. The Nitriles of the Aldonic Acids -- III. Degradation of the Nitriles of the Aldonic Acids -- IV. The Diamide Compounds of the Aldoses -- V. Summary of the Application of the Degradation -- VI. Tables -- Charter 6. Wood Saccharification -- I. Introduction -- II. History of Wood Saccharification -- III. Composition of Wood as It Influences Hydrolysis -- IV. Decomposition of Products of Hydrolysis -- V. Multistage Process of Hydrolysis -- VI. Pilot Plant Experiments on Wood Hydrolysis -- VII. Utilization of wood sugars -- VIII. Hydrolysis of Wood During Sulfite Process Pulping -- IX. Production of Alcohol from Sulfite Waste Liquor -- Charter 7. The Use of Boric Acid for the Determination of the Configuration of Carbohydrates -- I. Introduction -- II. Interaction between the D-Glucoses and Boric Acid -- III. The Effect of D-Galactose on the Conductivity of Boric Acid -- IV. The Action of β-D-Mannose on Boric Acid -- V. Interaction between Boric Acid and α-L- Rhammnoes -- VI. Interaction between Boric Acid and β-L- Arabinose. , VII. Interaction between Boric Acid and α-D-Xylose -- VIII. Action of the a- and FLactoses and of β-Maltose on Boric Acid -- IX. Effect of D-Fructose and L-Sorbose on the Conductivity of Boric Acid -- Charter 8. The Hexitols and Some of Their Derivatives -- Introduction -- I. Occurrence and Preparation -- II. Physical Properties -- III. Chemical Properties -- IV. Analysis -- V. Tables of Derivatives -- Charter 9. Plant Gums and Mucilages -- I. Plant Gums -- II. Mucilages -- III. Tables of Derivatives of Pentoses, Desoxyhexoses and Hexoses Isolated from Plant Gums and Mucilages -- Charter 10. The Utilization of Sucrose -- I. Introduction -- II. By-products of the Sugar Industry -- III. Conversion of Sucrose into Other Products by Chemical Methods -- IV. Derivatives of Sucrose -- V. Utilization of Sucrose Itself -- VI. Conversion of sucrose into other products by fermentation processes -- VII. Utilization of Molasses -- Author Index -- Subject Index.

Note: Front Cover -- Advances in Carbohydrate Chemistry, Volume 3 -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Contributors to Volume 3 -- Editors' Preface -- Rudolph Maximilian Goepp, Jr -- Chapter 1. Historical Aspects of Emil Fischer's Fundamental Conventions for Writing Stereo- Formulas in a Plane -- I. Introduction -- II. Fischer's Projections of the Stereo-models -- III. Fischer's Proposals of Nomenclature in the Carbohydrate Group -- IV. Rosanoff's Modification of Fischer's Proposals of Nomenclature -- V. The Classification of Anomers by the Symbols α-D, α-L, β-D and β-L -- VI. Haworth's Perspective Formulas -- VII. Formulas Containing Only One Asymmetric Carbon Atom -- VIII. Examples of Unusual Formulas from the Apiose Series -- Chapter 2. The Structure and Reactivity of the Hydrazone and Osazone Derivatives of the Sugars -- I. Introduction -- II. Sugar Hydrazones -- III. Structural Studies on Sugar Osazones -- IV. Anhydrides of Osazones and Hydrazones -- V. Three Important Reactions of Osazones -- VI. Theories of Osazone Formation -- Chapter 3. The Chemistry and Configuration of the Cyclitols -- I. Introduction -- II. The Inositols (Hexahydroxyclohexanes) -- III. The Inososes (Pentahydroxycyclohexanones) -- IV. The Quercitols (Pentahydroxycyclohexanes) -- V. Tetrahydroxycyclohexanes -- VI. Quinic and Shikimic Acids -- VII. Mytilitol and Derivatives -- Chapter 4. Trityl Ethers of Carbohydrates -- I. Introduction -- II. Carbohydrate Trityl Ethers -- III. Rate of Tritylation of Primary and Secondary Hydroxyl Groups -- IV. Trityl Intermediates in the Synthesis of Carbohydrates -- V. Detection of Pyranose and Furanose Rings -- VI. Trityl Ethers of Glycerol and the glycerides -- VII. Trityl Derivatives of Amines and Amides -- VIII. Table of Carbohydrate Trityl Ethers -- Chapter 5. Glutose and the Unfermentable Reducing Substances in Cane Molasses. , I. The Lobry de Bruyn-Alberda van Ekenstein Transformation -- II. The Chemistry of Glutose -- III. Anhydro-D-fructose and Di-D-fructose Anhydride -- IV. D-Psicose in "Glutose" Obtained from Simple Sugars -- V. Relationship between Nitrogen Content and Unfermentable Reducing Substances -- VI. Summary and Conclusions -- Chapter 6. The Halogen Oxidation of Simple Carbohydrates, Excluding the Action of Periodic Acid -- I. Introduction -- II. Oxidation of Simple Sugars with Halogens -- III. Oxidation with Halogen Acids in Acid Solution -- IV. Oxidation with Chlorous Acid and the Chlorites -- V. Effect of Structure of the Sugars on the Course of Oxidation -- VI. Conclusion -- Chapter 7. The Molecular Constitution of Cellulose -- I. Introduction -- II. Definitions -- III. Chain Structure of Cellulose -- IV. Degree of Polymerization of Cellulose -- V. Polydispersity of Cellulose -- Chapter 8. Isotopic Tracers in the Study of Carbohydrate Metabolism -- I. Introduction -- II. Isotopic Techniques -- III. Synthetic Methods -- IV. Carbon Dioxide Assimilation in Plants -- V. Carbon Dioxide Assimilation in Microorganisms -- VI. The Tricarboxylic Cycle and Carbon Dioxide Assimilation in Animal Tissues -- VII. Carbohydrate Synthesis in Animal Tissues -- VIII. The Interrelationship of Carbohydrate and Fatty Acid Metabolism -- Chapter 9. Products of the Enzymic Degradation of Starch and Glycogen -- I. Constitution of Starch and Glycogen -- II. The Enzymic Degradation of Starch and Glycogen -- III. The Acid Hydrolysis of Starch -- IV. Bearing of Hydrolytic Studies on the Structure of Starch -- Chapter 10. The Polysaccharides of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis -- I. Introduction -- II. Polysaccharides of Somatic Origin -- III. Polysaccharides Associated with Tuberculin and the Culture Medium -- IV. Polysaccharide Components of the Lipids. , V. Biological Properties of the polysaccharides of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis -- VI. Summary and Discussion -- Chapter 11. The Chemistry of Streptomycin -- I. Introduction -- II. Production, Isolation and Purification -- III. Determination of Structure -- IV. The Glycosidic Bonds in Streptomycin -- V. Chemical Assays -- VI. Streptomycin B -- VII. Tables of Properties of Some Streptomycin and Related Derivatives -- Author Index -- Subject Index -- Errata For Volumes 1 and 2 -- Contents of Volume 1 -- Contents of Volume 2.

Note: Intro -- Dedication -- Preface -- Contents -- Part I: Introduction to the Central Nervous System -- Chapter 1: Introduction to the Central Nervous System -- 1.1 The Neuron -- 1.2 The Nervous System -- 1.2.1 Peripheral Nervous System (Fig. 1.3) -- 1.2.2 Central Nervous System -- 1.2.2.1 Spinal Cord (Fig. 1.5) -- 1.2.2.2 Brain -- Brain Stem (Chaps. 5-7) (Fig. 1.6) -- Cerebellum (Chap. 13) (Fig. 1.6) -- Diencephalon (Chap. 8) (Fig. 1.6) -- Cerebrum Cerebral Hemispheres (Chaps. 10-17) (Fig. 1.8) -- Basal Ganglia (Fig. 1.10) (Chap. 12) -- Central Nervous System Pathways -- The Motor-Sensory Cortex (Fig. 1.8) -- Introduction to Functional Localization Within the CNS -- Bibliography -- Chapter 2: Neurocytology: Cells of the CNS -- 2.1 The Neuron -- 2.1.1 Dendrites -- 2.1.2 Soma -- 2.1.3 Golgi Type I and II Neurons -- 2.1.4 Dendritic Spines (Fig. 2.2) -- 2.1.5 Nucleus -- 2.1.5.1 Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum: Nissl Body (Figs. 2.6 and 2.7) -- 2.1.5.2 Mitochondria (Figs. 2.8 and 2.12) -- 2.1.5.3 Neurosecretory Granules -- 2.1.6 Neuronal Cytoskeleton -- 2.1.7 Microtubules and Axoplasmic Flow -- 2.1.8 Neurofibrillary Tangles -- 2.1.8.1 Axon and Axon Origin (Axon Hillock) (Fig. 2.10a) -- 2.1.8.2 Myelin Sheath: The Insulator in an Aqueous Media (Fig. 2.14) -- 2.1.8.3 Myelination: Schwann Cell in PNS and Oligodendrocyte in CNS -- 2.1.8.4 Central Nervous System Pathways -- 2.2 Synapse -- 2.2.1 Synaptic Structure -- 2.2.2 Synaptic Types -- 2.2.3 Synaptic Transmission -- 2.2.4 Neurotransmitters (Table 2.3) -- 2.2.5 Modulators of Neurotransmission -- 2.2.6 Synaptic Vesicles (Fig. 2.16) (Table 2.4) -- 2.2.6.1 Excitatory Synapses -- 2.2.6.2 Inhibitory Synapses -- 2.2.6.3 Synaptic Architecture (Fig. 2.17) -- 2.2.7 Effectors and Receptors -- 2.3 Supporting Cells of the Central Nervous System -- 2.3.1 Astrocytes (Figs. 2.6 and 2.14 -- Table 2.7). , 2.3.2 Oligodendrocytes (Fig. 2.9) -- 2.3.3 Endothelial Cells -- 2.3.4 Mononuclear Cells: Monocytes and Microglia -- 2.3.4.1 Mononuclear Cells/Mesodermal in Origin -- 2.3.5 Ependymal Cells (Fig. 2.20) -- 2.3.6 Supporting Cells in the Peripheral Nervous System -- 2.4 Response of the Nervous System to Injury -- 2.4.1 Degeneration -- 2.5 Regeneration -- 2.5.1 Peripheral Nerve Regeneration -- 2.5.2 Regeneration in the Central Nervous System -- 2.5.3 Neurogenesis in the Adult Brain Stem -- 2.5.4 Nerve Growth Factors (NGF) -- 2.5.5 Glial Response to Injury -- 2.6 Blood-Brain Barrier -- 2.6.1 Blood-Brain Barrier (Fig. 2.24) -- 2.6.2 Extracellular Space -- Specific References -- Chapter 3: Neuroembryology and Congenital Malformations -- 3.1 Formation of the Central Nervous System -- 3.2 Histogenesis -- 3.2.1 Repair of Damaged Nervous System -- 3.2.2 Growth Cone Guidance -- 3.2.3 Programmed Cell Death (PCD): Apoptosis -- 3.2.4 Neuronal Death -- 3.2.5 Development of Blood Vessels in the Brain -- 3.2.6 Ventricular System -- 3.2.7 Formation of Peripheral Nervous System -- 3.2.8 Spinal Cord Differentiation -- 3.3 Brain Differentiation -- 3.3.1 Rhombencephalon (Hindbrain) > -- Pons, Medulla, and Cerebellum -- 3.3.2 Mesencephalon > -- Adult Midbrain -- 3.3.3 Prosencephalon > -- Cerebral Hemispheres and Diencephalon -- 3.3.4 Diencephalon -- 3.3.5 Cranial Nerves -- 3.3.5.1 Cranial Nerve Innervation for Muscles of Somite Origin -- 3.3.5.2 Cranial Nerves Innervating the Muscles (Skeletal) and Skin in the Pharyngeal Arches (Table 3.4) -- 3.3.5.3 Mammals Have a Total of Six Arches (Table 3.5) -- 3.3.5.4 Preganglionic Parasympathetic Innervation to the Smooth Muscle -- 3.3.5.5 Cranial Nerves Associated with the Special Senses -- 3.3.6 Telencephalon -- 3.3.7 Primary Sulci -- 3.3.8 Development of the Cerebral Cortex -- 3.4 Prenatal Development of the Cerebral Cortex. , 3.5 Changes in the Cortical Architecture as a Function of Postnatal Age -- 3.6 Abnormal Development -- 3.6.1 Malformations Resulting from Abnormalities in Growth and Migration with Incomplete Development of the Brain -- 3.6.2 Genetically Linked Migration Disorders -- 3.6.2.1 Laboratory Data -- 3.6.3 Environmentally Induced Migration Disorder: Fetal Alcohol Syndrome -- 3.6.4 Malformations Resulting from Chromosomal Trisomy and Translocation -- 3.6.5 Malformations Resulting from Defective Fusion of Dorsal Structures -- 3.6.6 Malformations Characterized by Excessive Growth of Ectodermal and Mesodermal Tissue Affecting the Skin, Nervous System, and Other Tissues -- 3.6.7 Cutaneous Angiomatosis with Associated Malformations of the Central Nervous System -- 3.6.8 Malformations Resulting from Abnormalities in the Ventricular System -- Bibliography -- Chapter 4: Spinal Cord -- 4.1 Gross Anatomy -- 4.1.1 Spinal Cord: Structure and Function -- 4.1.2 Nerve Roots -- 4.1.3 Gray Matter -- 4.2 Interneurons -- 4.3 Central Pattern Generators -- 4.4 Segmental Function -- 4.4.1 Motor/Ventral Horn Cells -- 4.4.2 Sensory Receptors -- 4.4.3 Stretch Receptors -- 4.5 Nociception and Pain -- 4.5.1 Modulation of Pain Transmission -- 4.6 White Matter Tracts -- 4.6.1 Descending Tracts in the Spinal Cord -- 4.6.2 Ascending Tracts in the Spinal Cord -- 4.6.3 The Anterolateral Pathway -- 4.7 Upper and Lower Motor Neurons Lesions -- 4.7.1 Upper Motor Neuron Lesion (UMN) -- 4.7.2 Lower Motor Neuron Lesion -- 4.8 Illustrative Spinal Cord Case Histories -- 4.9 Illustrative Non-spinal Cord Cases with Involvement of Specific Peripheral Nerves: Case Histories 4.8-4.10 -- 4.10 Carpal Tunnel Syndrome -- Bibliography -- Chapter 5: Brain Stem: Gross Anatomy -- 5.1 Gross Anatomical Divisions -- 5.1.1 Sites of Transition. , 5.2 Relationship of Regions in the Brain to the Ventricular System: Fig. 5.2 -- 5.3 Gross Anatomy of Brain Stem and Diencephalon -- 5.3.1 Anterior Surface of Gross Brain Stem: Fig. 5.3 -- 5.3.1.1 Anterior Surface Medulla and Pons -- 5.3.1.2 Anterior Surface Midbrain -- 5.3.2 Posterior Surface of Brain Stem and Diencephalon: Fig. 5.4 -- 5.3.2.1 Medulla and Pons Posterior Surface (Fig. 5.4) -- 5.3.2.2 Midbrain Posterior Surface -- 5.3.2.3 Diencephalon: Ventral and Posterior Surfaces -- 5.4 Arterial Blood Supply to the Brain Stem and Diencephalon (Fig. 5.5) -- 5.4.1 Medulla -- 5.4.2 Pons -- 5.4.3 Midbrain -- 5.4.4 Diencephalon -- Bibliography -- Chapter 6: Brain Stem Functional Localization -- 6.1 Introduction to the Brain Stem -- 6.2 Differences Between the Spinal Cord and Brain Stem -- 6.3 Functional Localization in Brain Stem Coronal Sections and an Atlas of the Brain Stem -- 6.3.1 Medulla -- 6.3.1.1 Blood Supply Branches from the Vertebral Artery -- 6.3.1.2 Ventricular Zone -- 6.3.1.3 Lateral Zone -- 6.3.1.4 Medial Zone -- 6.3.1.5 Central Zone -- 6.3.1.6 Ventricular Zone -- 6.3.1.7 Lateral Zone -- 6.3.2 Pons-Blood Supply: Basilar Artery and Its Branches -- 6.3.2.1 Gross pons -- 6.3.2.2 Pons Ventricular Zone -- 6.3.2.3 Pons Lateral Zone -- 6.3.2.4 Pons Medial Zone -- 6.3.2.5 Pons Lateral Zone -- 6.3.3 Midbrain Blood Supply: Basila Arrteraynd Posterio Crerebral Arteries -- 6.3.3.1 Gross Anatomy Inferior Colliculus -- 6.4 Midbrain Tectum -- 6.5 Midbrain Tegmentum -- 6.6 Superior Colliculus -- 6.6.1 Midbrain Tegmentum -- 6.6.2 Blood Supply: Posterior Cerebral Arteries -- 6.7 Superior Colliculus Tectum -- 6.8 Superior Colliculus Tegmentum -- 6.8.1 Superior ColliculusVentricular Zone -- 6.8.1.1 Sensory Cranial Nerve Nuclei (Fig. 6.8a) -- 6.8.1.2 Motor Cranial Nerve Nuclei (Fig. 6.8) -- 6.8.1.3 Lateral Zone. , 6.8.1.4 Superior Colliculus/Anterolateral Column -- 6.8.1.5 Cerebellar Fibers -- 6.9 Functional Centers in the Brain Stem -- 6.9.1 Reticular Formation -- 6.9.1.1 Role of Descending Reticular Systems -- 6.9.1.2 Neurochemically Defined Nuclei in the Reticular Formation Affecting Consciousness -- 6.9.2 Respiration Centers -- 6.9.3 Cardiovascular Centers -- 6.9.4 Deglutition -- 6.9.5 Vomiting -- 6.9.6 Emetic Center -- 6.9.7 Coughing -- 6.9.8 Taste -- 6.10 Localiozation of Dysfunction in the Cranial Nerves Associated with the Eye (Table 6.8) -- 6.11 Localization of Disease Processes in the Brain Stem -- 6.11.1 Exercise to Identify the Tracts and Nuclei in the Brain Stem (Figs. 6.10-6.14) -- Bibliography -- Chapter 7: The Cranial Nerves -- 7.1 How the Cranial Nerves Got Their Numbers -- 7.2 Functional Organization of Cranial Nerves -- 7.3 The Individual Cranial Nerves -- 7.3.1 Cranial Nerve I, Olfactory (Fig. 7.4), Special Sensory/Special Visceral Afferent -- 7.3.2 Cranial Nerve II, Optic (Fig. 7.5), Special Somatic Sensory -- 7.3.3 Cranial Nerve III, Oculomotor (Fig. 7.6), Pure Motor (Somatic and Parasympathetic, Only III) -- 7.3.4 Cranial Nerve IV, Trochlear (Fig. 7.6), Pure Motor -- 7.3.5 Cranial Nerve VI, Abducens (Fig. 7.6), Pure Motor -- 7.3.6 Cranial Nerve V, Trigeminal (Fig. 7.7), Mixed Nerve (Sensory and Motor but No Parasympathetic) -- 7.3.7 Cranial Nerve VII, Facial (Fig. 7.8), Mixed Nerve (Sensory, Motor, Parasympathetic) -- 7.3.8 Cranial Nerve VIII, Vestibulocochlear (Fig. 7.9), Pure Special Somatic Sensory -- 7.4 Auditory Pathway -- 7.4.1 Cranial Nerve IX, Glossopharyngeal (Fig. 7.13), Mixed (Sensory, Motor, Parasympathetic): Nerve to Third Pharyngeal Arch -- 7.4.2 Cranial Nerve X, Vagus (Fig. 7.14), Mixed (Sensory, Motor, Parasympathetic), and Longest Cranial Nerve. , 7.4.3 Cranial Nerve XI, Spinal Accessory (Fig. 7.15), Pure Motor: Somatic and Visceral.

Note: Front Cover -- Darriwilian to Katian (Ordovician) Graptolites from Northwest China -- Copyright -- List of authors -- Preface -- References -- Contents -- 1 Introduction -- References -- 2 Biostratigraphy -- 2.1 Tarim and Its Peripheral Regions -- 2.2 West Marginal Belt of the North China Platform -- References -- 3 Relations Between Darriwilian and Sandbian Conodont and Graptolite Biozones -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Study Collections -- 3.3 Conodont-graptolite Biozone Relations -- 3.4 Regional Comparison -- 3.5 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Appendix -- 4 A Graphic Correlation and Diversity Analysis of the Upper Darriwilian to Lower Katian Graptolites -- 4.1 Introduction to the Database -- 4.2 Graphic Correlation and Construction of the Composite Standard (CS) -- 4.3 Diversity Patterns of the Upper Darriwilian to Lower Katian Graptolites -- References -- 5 A Comment on the Saergan, Yingan and Equivalent Formations as Potential Source Rocks for Petroleum -- 5.1 Ordovician Black Shales in Tarim -- 5.2 Ordovician Black Shales in the Western Margin of North China -- References -- 6 Systematic Palaeontology -- Class GRAPTOLITHINA Bronn, 1849 -- References -- Index -- Back Cover.

Note: Intro -- Contents -- List of Illustrations -- Foreword by Stanley A. Temple -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- Chapter 1 - Settlement and Changing Land Health in the Central Sands Area -- Chapter 2 - Sowing the Seeds of the Leopold Memorial Reserve Idea -- Chapter 3 - Implementing a Management Plan -- Chapter 4 - Growth in Research and Education Programs -- Chapter 5 - Conservation's Next Generation -- Conclusion: The Legacy of the Leopold Memorial Reserve -- Afterword -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index.

Note: Intro -- Contents -- Abbreviations -- Contributors -- 1 What Made El Niño 1997-1998 Famous? The Key Events Associated with a Unique Climate Event -- 2 Causes, Predictions, and Outcomes of El Niño 1997-1998 -- 3 Was El Niño a Weather Metaphor-A Signal for Global Warming? -- 4 The Scientific Issues Associated with El Niño 1997-1998 -- 5 Who Used and Benefited from the El Niño Forecasts? -- 6 Impacts of El Niño's Weather -- 7 Policy Responses to El Niño 1997-1998: Implications for Forecast Value and the Future of Climate Services -- 8 Summary: Surprises, Lessons Learned, and the Legacy of El Niño 1997-1998 -- Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- R -- S -- T -- U -- W.