Note: Intro -- ELECTROPORATION IN LABORATORY AND CLINICAL INVESTIGATIONS -- ELECTROPORATION IN LABORATORY AND CLINICAL INVESTIGATIONS -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- Chapter 1 MATHEMATICAL-PHYSICAL MODELING AND BIOMEDICAL OPTIMIZATION OF CELL ELECTROPERMEABILIZATION: AN OVERVIEW -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- I. ARE THERE ALTERNATIVE MODELS OF ELECTROPERMEABILIZATION? -- II. PHYSICS OF ELECTROPORATION FROM THE GENERAL AND KINETIC STANDPOINTS -- III. MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF ELECTROPORE NUCLEATION AND EVOLUTION -- IV. A DIRECT VIEW ON ELECTROPORE FORMATION: THE PERSPECTIVE OF MOLECULAR SIMULATIONS -- V. THE IN VIVO SETTING -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 2 TECHNICAL ASPECTS OF THE ELECTROCHEMOTHERAPY -- ELECTROPORATION. SHORT DESCRIPTION OF THE PHENOMENON. TRANSMEMBRANE VOLTAGE INDUCED BY ELECTRIC FIELD ON ISOLATED CELL -- TECHNIQUES FOR INDUCING THE ELECTRIC FIELD -- ELECTROPORATION IN CELL SUSPENSION AND TISSUES -- ELECTROCHEMOTHERAPY. ELECTROGENETRANSFECTION -- OPTIMIZATION OF THE PULSE PARAMETERS -- ELECTRODES -- GENERATORS -- RISK OF FIBRILLATION -- OUR OWN STUDIES AND INSTRUMENT DESIGN -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 3 NON-THERMAL IRREVERSIBLE ELECTROPORATION FOR TISSUE ABLATION -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- IRREVERSIBLE ELECTROPORATION FOR NON-THERMAL TISSUE ABLATION -- HISTORY -- THEORY OF IRREVERSIBLE ELECTROPORATION -- NUMERICAL MODELING FOR TREATMENT PLANNING -- Models: -- Electric Field Distribution -- Joule Heating -- COMMON PHYSICAL PROPERTIES: -- Temperature Distribution: -- Equivalent Thermal Dose -- Thermal Damage Equation: -- SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS -- Heterogeneous Tissue: -- Dynamic Properties During Electroporation -- Temperature Dependent Properties -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 4 MECHANISMS OF MICROORGANISM INACTIVATION BY PULSED ELECTRIC FIELDS -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- THEORY. , COMPARISON WITH EXPERIMENTS AND DISCUSSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENT -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 5 ELECTROCHEMICAL PROCESSES OCCURING DURING CELL ELECTROMANIPULATION PROCEDURES -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- THEORETICAL BACKGROUND -- Primary Cathodic Half-Reactions -- Primary Anodic Half-Reactions -- Secondary Chemical Reactions -- CONSEQUENCES OF ELECTROCHEMICAL PROCESSES -- Consequences of Cathodic Processes -- Consequences of Anodic Processes -- Consequences of Secondary Chemical Reactions -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENT -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 6 ULTRASTRUCTURAL MODIFICATIONS INDUCED BY "ELECTROPORATION" -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- ELECTROPORATION FOR TRANSDERMAL DRUG DELIVERY -- ELECTROPORATION ON MELANOMA XENOGRAFTS -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENT -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 7 ELECTROPORATION IN BACTERIA -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- KEY STEPS PRIOR TO ELECTROPORATION -- Preparation of Electrocompetent Cells -- Growth Stage and Concentration of Cells -- Growth Medium Composition and Growth Temperature -- Size, Form, and Concentration of DNA -- Electroporation Buffers and Timing of Plasmid Addition -- ELECTROPORATION CONDITIONS -- Pulsed Electric Field Application -- Electrical Parameters and The Technology of Electroporation -- Post-Pulse Treatments -- EXAMPLES OF APPLICATIONS -- Escherichia Coli -- Preparation of Electrocompetent Cells -- Electroporation -- Lactococcus lactis -- Preparation of Electrocompetent Cells -- Electroporation -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 8 ELECTROPORATION OF PLANT CELLS -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- ELECTROPORATION OF PROTOPLASTS -- ELECTROPORATION OF INTACT PLANT CELLS AND TISSUES -- ELECTROPORATION CONDITIONS -- ELECTROPORATION OF PLANT ORGANELLES -- Chloroplasts -- Mitochondrion -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES. , Chapter 9 ANTI-TUMORAL EFFECTS OF PULSED LOW ELECTRIC FIELD ENHANCED CHEMOTHERAPY: LESSONS FROM EXPERIMENTAL MALIGNANT TUMORS -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 1.1. Enhancement of the Uptake of Molecules and Macromolecules by Cells -- 1.2. Enhanced Uptake of Molecules and Macromolecules by Non-Permeabilizing Unipolar Pulsed Low Electric Fields (LEF) -- 1.3. The Difference between Enhanced Uptake of Molecules Induced by Electroporation and by Unipolar Pulsed Train of Low Electric Fields (LEF) -- 1.4. Application of Electric Based Cancer Therapy -- 1.4.1. Electrotherapy by Low Intensity DC Electric-Fields (LIEF) -- 1.4.2. Electrochemotherapy by High Electric Fields (ECT) -- 1.4.3. Electrotherapy by High Frequency Electric Fields -- 1.4.4. Electro-Hyperthermia -- 2. ANTI-TUMORAL EFFECTS OF LOW ELECTRIC FIELD CANCER TREATMENT-ENHANCED CHEMOTHERAPY (LEFCT-EC) -- 2.1. Experimental Design And Methods: -- 2.1.1. Experimental Metastatic Tumors -- 2.1.2. Chemotherapy -- 2.1.3. Low Electric Field Cancer Therapy Protocol -- 2.2. Treatment of Mouse Melanoma Derived Tumors by LEFCT-EC -- 2.3. Treatment of Mouse Mammary Carcinoma Derived Tumors by LEFCT-EC -- 2.4. Effective Treatment of Mouse Metastatic Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) Cancer by Low Electric Fields and Chemotherapy -- 2.5. Effective Treatment of Mouse Metastatic Prostate Cancer by Low Electric Fields and Chemotherapy -- 2.6. Cure of Primary Colon Cancer Derived Tumors and Reduction in the Metastatic Load Following LEFCT-EC -- 2.6.1. The Role of the Electric Pulse Intensity -- 2.6.2.The Combination of the Electric Stimulus with Different Chemotherapeutic Drugs. -- 2.6.3. The Ability of LEFCT-EC to Control Primary as Well as Metastatic Disease -- 3. THE INVOLVEMENT OF IMMUNOLOGICAL COMPONENTS IN THE ARREST OF METASTATIC GROWTH ACHIEVED BY DESTRUCTION OF THE PRIMARY TUMOR BY LEFCT AND LEFCT-EC. , 3.1. The Development of an Anti Tumoral Reaction Following LEFCT-EC of B16 Melanoma -- 3.2. Breast Cancer Cell (DA3) Tumor Destruction By LEFCT And LEFCT-EC Triggered Anti Tumor Reaction -- 3.3. SCC Tumor (SQ2) Destruction by LEFCT and LEFCT-EC and Anti Tumor Reaction -- 3.4. Anti Tumor Immunity Against Prostate Cancer Cell Tumors (TRAMP) Following Destruction of the Tumors by LEFCT-EC -- 3.5. Involvement of the Immune Response in the Cure of Metastatic Murine CT-26 Colon Carcinoma by LEFCT-EC -- 3.6 Induction of Anti-Tumor Immunity by other Ablation Mechanisms, Which Cause in Situ Tumor Ablation -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 10 ELECTROGENETHERAPY: ELECTROGENE TRANSFER USING LOW FIELD STRENGTH -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- A NOVEL SYRINGE ELECTRODE USES AMUCH LOWER ELECTRIC FIELD STRENGTH THAN CONVENTIONAL ELECTRODES -- ELECTROPHORESIS ACROSS THE PLASMA MEMBRANE MAY NOT BE INVOLOVED IN IN VIVO DNA TRANSPORT -- THE FIELD STRENGTH FOR ELECTROGENE TRANSFER CAN BE FURTHER REDUCED USING SINE-WAVE CURRENT PULSES -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 11 ELECTROPORATION - TREATING MICE OR MEN? -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- ANIMAL MODELS IN PRECLINICAL STUDIES -- Anemia -- Arthritis -- Diabetes -- Ocular Disease -- Multiple Sclerosis -- Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone -- Other Studies -- DELIVERY OF DNA VACCINES WITH ELECTROPORATION -- CLINICAL STUDIES -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 12 ELECTROCHEMOTHERAPY IN VETERINARY MEDICINE, PART I: SOLID TUMORS -- ABSTRACT -- PRELIMINARY STUDIES AND FIRST PROTOCOLS -- ELECTROCHEMOTHERAPY FOR SPECIFIC TUMOR TYPES: PHASE II STUDIES -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 13 ELECTROCHEMOTHERAPY IN VETERINARY MEDICINE, PART II: ROUND CELL TUMORS -- ABSTRACT -- PRELIMINARY STUDIES AND FIRST PROTOCOLS -- ELECTROCHEMOTHERAPY FOR SPECIFIC TUMOR TYPES: PHASE II STUDIES -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES. , Chapter 14 HISTOPATHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF CANINE AND FELINE CANCER TREATED WITH ELECTROCHEMOTHERAPY -- ABSTRACT -- MATERIAL AND METHODS -- RESULTS -- DISCUSSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 15 CLINICAL APPLICATION OF ELECTROCHEMOTHERAPY - AN ADJUNCT TO SURGERY -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. SYSTEMS AND ELECTRODES EMPLOYED FOR CLINICAL APPLICATION -- 3. APPROPRIATE DRUGS FOR ELECTROCHEMOTHERAPY -- 3.1. Bleomycin -- 3.1.1. Indications -- 3.1.2. Mechanism of Action -- 3.1.3. Clinical Drug Dosage -- 3.1.4. Route of Administration and Timing -- 3.1.5. Toxicity and Side Effects -- 3.2. Cisplatin -- 3.2.1 .Indications -- 3.2.2. Mechanism of Action -- 3.2.3. Drug Dosage -- 3.2.4. Route of Administration and Timing -- 3.2.5. Toxicity and Side Effects -- 4. TREATMENT PROTOCOL -- 4.1. Eligibility Criteria -- 4.2. Anaesthesia -- 4.3. Patient Follow-Up -- 4.4. Response Criteria -- 5. EARLY CLINICAL EXPERIENCE -- 5.1. Clinical Trials Involving Bleomycin -- 5.2. Clinical Trials Involving Cisplatin -- 6. ESOPE TRIAL (TAKEN FROM [20]) -- 6.1. Background -- 6.2. Patient Population -- 6.3. Tumour Histologies -- 6.4. Overall Response -- 6.5. Influence of Drug Delivery -- 6.6. Influence of Tumour Locale -- 6.7. Influence of Tumour Volume -- 6.8. Influence of Electrode Type -- 7. LIMITATIONS OF ELECTROCHEMOTHERAPY -- 7.1. Side Effects Related to Therapy -- 7.2. Patient Referral Criteria -- 7.3. Limitation of Clinical Utility -- 7.4. Need for Comparison Studies with other Therapeutic Modalities -- 8. DEVELOPMENTAL PERSPECTIVES -- 8.1. Extension of Clinical Utility -- 8.2. Enhancement of Existing Therapeutic Regimens -- 8.3. Gene Delivery Vector -- 8.4. Microneedles -- 8.5. Nanoparticles -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 16 ELECTROPORATION IN CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. , Opportunities for Gene Transfer in CLL Research.