Note: Cover -- PLANETS AND MOONS -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Preface -- Contributors -- Editorial Advisory Board -- Chapter 1 Overview -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Our Planetary System -- 1.3 Planetary Missions -- 1.4 Planet and Satellite Orbits and Rotation States -- 1.5 Composition and Interior Structure of Planets -- 1.6 Surfaces and Atmospheres -- 1.7 Energy Balance and Evolution -- 1.8 Magnetic Fields and Field Generation -- 1.9 Origin of the Solar System -- 1.10 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Relevant Websites -- Chapter 2 Interior Structure, Composition, and Mineralogy of the Terrestrial Planets -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Observational Methods -- 2.3 Interior Structure and Composition -- 2.4 Earth as a Type Example of a Terrestrial Planet -- 2.5 The Moon -- 2.6 Mercury -- 2.7 Mars -- 2.8 Venus -- 2.9 Summary and Outlook -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 3 Planetary Seismology -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Lunar Results -- 3.3 Seismic Activity of the Moon and Terrestrial Planets -- 3.4 Atmospheric Seismology -- 3.5 The Challenge: Mars Seismology -- 3.6 Concluding Remarks -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 4 The Rotation of the Terrestrial Planets -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Theoretical Foundations -- 4.3 Mars -- 4.4 Venus -- 4.5 Mercury -- 4.6 Summary -- References -- Chapter 5 Gravity and Topography of the Terrestrial Planets -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Mathematical Preliminaries -- 5.3 The Data -- 5.4 Methods for Calculating Gravity from Topography -- 5.5 Crustal Thickness Modeling -- 5.6 Admittance Modeling -- 5.7 Localized Spectral Analysis -- 5.8 Summary of Major Results -- 5.9 Future Developments and Concluding Remarks -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 6 Exogenic Dynamics, Cratering and Surface Ages -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Impact Craters - Morphology -- 6.3 Basics of Impact Cratering Processes. , 6.4 Size-Frequency Distribution of Impact Craters -- 6.5 Impact Rate Estimates -- 6.6 Extraterrestrial Surface Dating -- 6.7 Conclusions -- References -- Relevant Websites -- Chapter 7 Planetary Magnetism -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Tools -- 7.3 Terrestrial Planets -- 7.4 Gas Giants -- 7.5 Discussion -- 7.6 Ice Giants -- 7.7 Satellites and Small Bodies -- 7.8 Discussion -- 7.9 Summary -- References -- Relevant Website -- Chapter 8 Planetary Dynamos -- 8.1 Historical Introduction -- 8.2 General Remarks on the Dynamo Theory of Planetary Magnetism -- 8.3 Mathematical Formulation of the Problem of Spherical Dynamos -- 8.4 Convection in Rotating Spherical Shells -- 8.5 Convection-Driven Dynamos -- 8.6 Applications to Planetary Dynamos -- 8.7 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Chapter 9 Dynamics and Thermal History of the Terrestrial Planets, the Moon, and Io -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Physical and Chemical Properties of Planets and Planetary Materials Bearing on Mantle Dynamics and Thermal Evolution Models -- 9.3 Planform of Convection -- 9.4 Thermal Evolution Models Using Parametrized Convection -- 9.5 Thermal Evolution, Volcanic History, and Magnetic Field History of Terrestrial Planets -- 9.6 Comparison of the Terrestrial Planets and the Moon -- 9.7 Io -- 9.8 Summary -- References -- Chapter 10 Solid Planet-Atmosphere Interactions -- 10.1 Atmosphere-Surface Interplay on Solar System Bodies -- 10.2 Observational Constraints on Venus and Mars -- 10.3 Chemistry of Atmosphere- Surface Reactions on Mars and Venus -- 10.4 Wind-Related Processes -- 10.5 Atmosphere-Surface Interactions throughout History -- 10.6 Summary and Unsolved Questions -- References -- Chapter 11 Water on the Terrestrial Planets -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Observational Evidence -- 11.3 Water on the Surface -- 11.4 Water in Mantle and Crust -- 11.5 Evolution of Water and Climate. , 11.6 Summary and Outlook -- References -- Chapter 12 Geology, Life and Habitability -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Geology, Life and Habitability -- 12.3 Geology and Life -- 12.4 Conclusions for Geology, Life and Habitability beyond the Earth -- References -- Chapter 13 Giant Planets -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Observations and Global Properties -- 13.3 The Calculation of Interior and Evolution Models -- 13.4 Interior Structures and Evolutions -- 13.5 Implications for Planetary Formation Models -- 13.6 Future Prospects -- References -- Chapter 14 The Origin of the Natural Satellites -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 The Earth-Moon System -- 14.3 Mars System -- 14.4 Jupiter System -- 14.5 Saturn System -- 14.6 Uranus System -- 14.7 Neptune System -- 14.8 Pluto System -- 14.9 Irregular Satellites -- Acknowledgments -- Appendix 1: Accretion Disks -- Appendix 2: Tides -- References -- Relevant Websites -- Chapter 15 Interiors and Evolution of Icy Satellites -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 Spectroscopic Constraints on Composition -- 15.3 Elemental Abundance from Density -- 15.4 Size, Shape, and Mass -- 15.5 Modeling the Interior Structure -- 15.6 Evolution of Satellite Interiors -- 15.7 Interior Structure of Selected Icy Satellites -- 15.8 Future Prospects for Determining Satellite Internal Structure -- References -- Chapter 16 Pluto, Charon, and the Kuiper Belt Objects -- 16.1 Overviews -- 16.2 Environment -- 16.3 Physical Properties -- 16.4 Origin -- 16.5 Future Observational Goals and Prospects -- References -- Relevant Websites -- Chapter 17 Mission Analysis Issues for Planetary Exploration Missions -- 17.1 Introduction -- 17.2 Scientific Rationale and Present Status of Planetary Exploration Missions -- 17.3 Energy Requirements and Mass Budgets for Planetary Missions -- 17.4 Remote-Sensing and In Situ Missions to Venus and Mars. , 17.5 Orbit Evolution around Planetary Bodies -- 17.6 In Situ Missions to Atmosphereless Bodies -- 17.7 Gravity-Assist Missions: Giant Planets, Mercury, Asteroid, and Comet Rendezvous -- 17.8 Advanced Propulsion Systems: Solar Sail, Ion Propulsion -- 17.9 The Specific Challenges of Sample Return Missions -- References -- Chapter 18 Instrumentation for Planetary Exploration Missions -- 18.1 Introduction -- 18.2 Building on Past Missions -- 18.3 Exploration Strategies and Associated Techniques -- 18.4 Instruments -- 18.5 Instrument Suites for Exploration -- 18.6 Outlook and Timeline -- References -- Relevant Websites.

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Note: Front Cover -- Encyclopedia of the Solar System -- Copyright -- Contents -- Foreword* -- Preface to the Third Edition -- Preface to the Second Edition -- Preface to the First Edition -- About the Editors -- Contributors -- Part I - The Solar System -- Chapter 1 - The Solar System and Its Place in the Galaxy -- 1 INTRODUCTION -- 2 THE DEFINITION OF A PLANET -- 3 THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM -- 4 THE ORIGIN OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM -- 5 THE SOLAR SYSTEM'S PLACE IN THE GALAXY -- 6 THE FATE OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM -- 7 CONCLUDING REMARKS -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- Chapter 2 - The Origin of the Solar System -- 1 INTRODUCTION -- 2 STAR FORMATION AND PROTOPLANETARY DISKS -- 3 METEORITES AND THE ORIGIN OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM -- 4 NUCLEOSYNTHESIS AND SHORT-LIVED ISOTOPES -- 5 EARLY STAGES OF PLANETARY GROWTH -- 6 FORMATION OF TERRESTRIAL PLANETS -- 7 THE ASTEROID BELT -- 8 GROWTH OF GAS AND ICE GIANT PLANETS -- 9 PLANETARY SATELLITES -- 10 EXTRASOLAR PLANETS -- 11 SUMMARY AND FUTURE PROSPECTS -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- Chapter 3 - Solar System Dynamics: Regular and Chaotic Motion -- 1 INTRODUCTION: KEPLERIAN MOTION -- 2 THE TWO-BODY PROBLEM -- 3 PLANETARY PERTURBATIONS AND THE ORBITS OF SMALL BODIES -- 4 CHAOTIC MOTION -- 5 ORBITAL EVOLUTION OF MINOR BODIES -- 6 LONG-TERM STABILITY OF PLANETARY ORBITS -- 7 DISSIPATIVE FORCES AND THE ORBITS OF SMALL BODIES -- 8 CHAOTIC ROTATION -- 9 EPILOG -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- Part II - Fundamental Planetary Processes and Properties -- Chapter 4 - Planetary Impacts -- 1 IMPACT CRATERS -- 2 IMPACT PROCESSES -- 3 IMPACTS AND PLANETARY EVOLUTION -- 4 IMPACTS AS PLANETARY PROBES -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- Chapter 5 - Planetary Volcanism -- 1 SUMMARY OF PLANETARY VOLCANIC FEATURES -- 2 CLASSIFICATION OF ERUPTIVE PROCESSES -- 3 EFFUSIVE ERUPTIONS AND LAVA FLOWS -- 4 EXPLOSIVE ERUPTIONS -- 5 INFERENCES ABOUT PLANETARY INTERIORS -- BIBLIOGRAPHY. , Chapter 6 - Magnetic Field Generation in Planets -- 1 PLANETARY MAGNETIC FIELD OBSERVATIONS -- 2 THE DYNAMO MECHANISM -- 3 THE STANDARD PLANETARY DYNAMO -- 4 SIMULATIONS AND EXPERIMENTS -- 5 PLANETARY DYNAMOS -- 6 CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE PROSPECTS -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- Chapter 7 - Planetary Magnetospheres -- 1 WHAT IS A MAGNETOSPHERE? -- 2 TYPES OF MAGNETOSPHERES -- 3 PLANETARY MAGNETIC FIELDS -- 4 MAGNETOSPHERIC PLASMAS -- 5 DYNAMICS -- 6 INTERACTIONS WITH MOONS -- 7 CONCLUSIONS -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- Chapter 8 - Rotation of Planets -- INTRODUCTION -- 1 OBSERVED ROTATION STATE OF PLANETS -- 2 ORIGIN AND LONG-TERM SPIN EVOLUTION -- 3 LONG-TERM EVOLUTION OF THE ORIENTATION -- 4 ROTATIONAL FLATTENING OF PLANETS -- 5 PRECESSION -- 6 NUTATION -- 7 LOD VARIATIONS -- 8 LIBRATION -- 9 WOBBLES AND THE INTERIORS OF TERRESTRIAL PLANETS -- 10 OBSERVATION OF THE ROTATION OF TERRESTRIAL PLANETS -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- Chapter 9 - Evolution of Planetary Interiors -- 1 INTRODUCTION -- 2 FORMATION AND EARLY EVOLUTION OF TERRESTRIAL BODIES -- 3 SUBSOLIDUS CONVECTION -- 4 ROCK RHEOLOGY AND MODES OF CONVECTION -- 5 MODELING INTERIOR DYNAMICS AND EVOLUTION -- 6 CONSTRAINTS ON AND MODELS OF THE EVOLUTION OF PLANETARY INTERIORS -- 7 CONCLUDING REMARKS AND PERSPECTIVES -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- Chapter 10 - Astrobiology -- 1 INTRODUCTION -- 2 WHAT IS LIFE? -- 3 THE HISTORY OF LIFE ON EARTH -- 4 THE ORIGIN OF LIFE -- 5 LIMITS TO LIFE -- 6 LIFE IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM -- 7 HOW TO SEARCH FOR LIFE ON MARS, EUROPA, OR ENCELADUS -- 8 LIFE ABOUT OTHER STARS -- 9 CONCLUSION -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- Part III - The Sun -- Chapter 11 - The Sun -- 1 INTRODUCTION -- 2 THE SOLAR INTERIOR -- 3 THE PHOTOSPHERE -- 4 THE CHROMOSPHERE AND TRANSITION REGION -- 5 THE CORONA -- 6 SOLAR FLARES AND CMES -- 7 FINAL COMMENTS -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- Chapter 12 - The Solar Wind -- 1 DISCOVERY. , 2 STATISTICAL PROPERTIES IN THE ECLIPTIC PLANE AT 1AU -- 3 NATURE OF THE HELIOSPHERIC MAGNETIC FIELD -- 4 CORONAL AND SOLAR WIND STREAM STRUCTURE -- 5 THE HELIOSPHERIC CURRENT SHEET AND SOLAR LATITUDE EFFECTS -- 6 EVOLUTION OF STREAM STRUCTURE WITH HELIOCENTRIC DISTANCE -- 7 CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS AND TRANSIENT SOLAR WIND DISTURBANCES -- 8 VARIATION WITH DISTANCE FROM THE SUN -- 9 TERMINATION OF THE SOLAR WIND -- 10 KINETIC PROPERTIES OF THE PLASMA -- 11 HEAVY ION CONTENT -- 12 ENERGETIC PARTICLES -- 13 TURBULENCE AND MAGNETIC FIELD AND VELOCITY FLUCTUATIONS -- 14 CONCLUSION -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- Part IV - Earthlike Planets -- Chapter 13 - Mercury -- 1 EXPLORATION OF MERCURY -- 2 GENERAL PLANETARY CHARACTERISTICS -- 3 MOTION AND TEMPERATURE -- 4 INTERNAL STRUCTURE AND MAGNETIC FIELD -- 5 EXOSPHERE AND MAGNETOSPHERE -- 6 GEOLOGIC FEATURES -- 7 RECENT SURFACE FEATURES -- 8 HISTORY -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- Chapter 14 - Venus: Atmosphere -- 1 INTRODUCTION AND OBSERVATIONS -- 2 ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURES -- 3 COMPOSITION -- 4 CLOUDS AND HAZES -- 5 GENERAL CIRCULATION AND DYNAMICS -- 6 EVOLUTION OF THE ATMOSPHERE AND CLIMATE -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- Chapter 15 - Venus: Surface and Interior -- 1 INTRODUCTION -- 2 HISTORY OF VENUS EXPLORATION -- 3 GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS -- 4 IMPACT CRATERS AND RESURFACING HISTORY -- 5 INTERIOR PROCESSES -- 6 COMPOSITION -- 7 VOLCANISM -- 8 TECTONICS -- 9 SUMMARY -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- Books -- Journal Articles Special Issues -- Web Sites -- Chapter 16 - Mars Atmosphere: History and Surface Interactions -- 1 INTRODUCTION -- 2 VOLATILE INVENTORIES AND THEIR HISTORY -- 3 PRESENT AND PAST CLIMATES -- 4 CONCLUDING REMARKS -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- Chapter 17 - Mars: Surface and Interior -- 1 MARS EXPLORATION -- 2 GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS -- 3 IMPACT CRATERING -- 4 VOLCANISM -- 5 TECTONICS -- 6 CANYONS -- 7 WATER -- 8 ICE -- 9 WIND -- 10 POLES. , 11 THE VIEW FROM THE SURFACE -- 12 SUMMARY -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- Chapter 18 - Interior Structure and Evolution of Mars -- 1 INTRODUCTION -- 2 FORMATION AND DIFFERENTIATION OF MARS -- 3 CORE -- 4 MANTLE -- 5 CRUST -- 6 PRINCIPLES OF GLOBAL INTERIOR STRUCTURE AND EVOLUTION -- 7 GLOBAL INTERIOR STRUCTURE OF MARS -- 8 EVOLUTION OF MARS -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- Chapter 19 - Mars: Landing Site Geology, Mineralogy, and Geochemistry -- 1 INTRODUCTION TO MARS EXPLORATIION -- 2 LANDING SITES ON MARS -- 3 MARS LANDING SITES IN REMOTELY SENSED DATA -- 4 LANDING SITE GEOLOGY -- 5 LANDING SITE MINERALOGY AND GEOCHEMISTRY -- 6 IMPLICATIONS FOR THE EVOLUTION OF MARS -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- Part V - Earth and Moon as Planets -- Chapter 20 - Earth as a Planet: Atmosphere and Oceans -- 1 OVERVIEW OF PLANETARY CHARACTERISTICS -- 2 VERTICAL STRUCTURE OF THE ATMOSPHERE -- 3 ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION -- 4 OCEANS -- 5 CLIMATE -- 6 LIFE IN THE ATMOSPHERE-OCEAN SYSTEM -- 7 CONCLUSIONS -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- Chapter 21 - Earth as a Planet: Surface and Interior -- 1 INTRODUCTION: THE EARTH AS A GUIDE TO OTHER PLANETS -- 2 PHYSIOGRAPHIC PROVINCES OF EARTH -- 3 EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES -- 4 TOOLS FOR STUDYING EARTH'S DEEP INTERIOR -- 5 SEISMIC SOURCES -- 6 EARTH'S RADIAL STRUCTURE -- 7 EARTH IN THREE DIMENSIONS -- 8 EARTH AS A ROSETTA STONE -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- Chapter 22 - Space Weather -- 1 THE SOLAR AND HELIOSPHERIC ROLES IN SPACE WEATHER -- 2 THE GEOSPACE ROLE IN SPACE WEATHER -- 3 ATMOSPHERIC EFFECTS OF SPACE WEATHER -- 4 PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF SPACE WEATHER -- 5 IMPLICATIONS FOR PLANETARY ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS -- 6 EPILOGUE -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- Chapter 23 - The Moon -- 1 INTRODUCTION -- 2 THE ORBIT OF THE MOON -- 3 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES -- 4 ORIGIN OF THE MOON -- 5 THE MAGMA OCEAN -- 6 THE INTERIOR OF THE MOON -- 7 THE LUNAR CRUST AND LUNAR TERRANES -- 8 LUNAR ROCKS -- 9 SURFACE OF THE MOON. , 10 LUNAR STRATIGRAPHY AND SURFACE AGES -- 11 THE REGOLITH -- 12 THE APOLLO AND LUNA LANDING SITES -- 13 SIGNIFICANCE OF LANDING SITES FOR THE INTERPRETATION OF GLOBAL DATA SETS -- 14 LUNAR VOLATILES -- 15 LUNAR ATMOSPHERE AND ENVIRONMENT -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENT -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- Chapter 24 - Interior of the Moon -- 1 INTRODUCTION -- 2 BULK LUNAR PROPERTIES -- 3 METHODS USED TO PROBE THE LUNAR INTERIOR -- 4 LUNAR INTERNAL STRUCTURE -- 5 IMPLICATIONS FOR LUNAR FORMATION AND EVOLUTION -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- Chapter 25 - Lunar Exploration -- 1 INTRODUCTION -- 2 TELESCOPIC EXPLORATION OF THE MOON -- 3 THE EARLY SPACE AGE -- 4 THE APOLLO PROGRAM -- 5 POST-APOLLO EXPLORATION -- 6 LETTING THE MOON COME TO US: THE IMPORTANCE OF LUNAR METEORITES FOR LUNAR EXPLORATION -- 7 FUTURE LUNAR EXPLORATION OBJECTIVES -- 8 CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- Websites -- Part VI - Asteroids, Dust and Comets -- Chapter 26 - Main-Belt Asteroids -- 1 INTRODUCTION TO ASTEROIDS -- 2 LOCATIONS AND ORBITS -- 3 PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND COMPOSITION -- 4 PUZZLES AND PROMISE -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- Chapter 27 - Near-Earth Objects -- 1 INTRODUCTION -- 2 SIGNIFICANCE -- 3 ORIGINS -- 4 POPULATION -- 5 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES -- 6 IN SITU STUDIES -- 7 IMPACT HAZARDS -- APPENDIX -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- Chapter 28 - Meteorites -- 1 INTRODUCTION -- 2 METEORITE CLASSIFICATION -- 3 METEORITES OF ASTEROIDAL ORIGIN -- 4 METEORITES FROM LARGER BODIES -- 5 CHEMICAL AND ISOTOPIC SIGNATURES -- 6 COMPONENTS OF CHONDRITES -- 7 METEORITE CHRONOMETRY -- 8 EPILOGUE -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- Chapter 29 - Dust in the Solar System -- 1 INTRODUCTION -- 2 MANIFESTATIONS OF COSMIC DUST -- 3 DYNAMICS AND EVOLUTION -- 4 FUTURE STUDIES -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- Chapter 30 - Physics and Chemistry of Comets -- 1 SPACE MISSIONS TO COMETS -- 2 A BRIEF HISTORY OF COMET STUDIES -- 3 PHYSICS OF THE NUCLEUS -- 4 COMA AND HYDROGEN CLOUD. , 5 TAILS.