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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Efficacy of a motilin receptor agonist (ABT-229) for the treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (2002)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd.
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 16 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: ABT-229 is a potent motilin agonist without significant antibiotic activity. It has been shown to improve gastric emptying in humans and to increase lower oesophageal sphincter pressure in cats.〈section xml:id="abs1-2"〉〈title type="main"〉Aim:To assess the efficacy of four different doses of ABT-229 (1.25 mg, 2.5 mg, 5 mg, 10 mg b.d.) compared to placebo in the treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, and to determine its safety in patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease.〈section xml:id="abs1-3"〉〈title type="main"〉Methods:In a double-blind, multicentre study, 324 patients with heartburn were randomized to receive four different doses of ABT-229 or placebo for 8 weeks. The efficacy was evaluated by Patient Symptom Questionnaire, daily diary, endoscopy and global evaluation of efficacy.〈section xml:id="abs1-4"〉〈title type="main"〉Results:There were no statistically significant improvement scores for any of the ABT-229 treatment groups vs. the placebo group in any of the efficacy parameters. Reflux symptom scores were significantly worse after treatment in the dyspeptic group. ABT-229 appeared to be well tolerated and safe in total daily doses up to 20 mg.〈section xml:id="abs1-5"〉〈title type="main"〉Conclusion:ABT-229 appears to have limited, if any, clinical utility in the treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.2002.01218.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Surgical significance of dilatation of the common bile duct—With special reference to choledocholithiasis (1980)
    Springer
    Surgery today 10 (1980), S. 296-301 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2813
    Keywords: bile duct stone ; bilirubin stone ; cholesterol stone ; congenital choledochal cyst ; choledochoenterostomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Diameter of the common bile duct was measured in 3,119 patients who underwent primary operation for gallstones, during the period from 1975 to 1978. Although dilatation of the common bile duct was most marked in patients with bilirubin stones in the bile duct alone, dilatation was also observed in patients with cholesterol stones in the gallbladder alone. Drip infusion cholangiograms of 84 healthy patients showed that the common bile duct dilated in parallel with aging. A review of patients with congenital choledochal cysts reported in the literature in Japan revealed that few had gallstones. Thus, it was difficult to determine whether common bile duct dilatation was the cause or result of gallstones, and it was suggested that the socalled drainage operation such as choledochoenterostomy should be done only under strict indications.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02468791
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    EXAFS and FTIR studies on the binding of deoxycholic acid with copper and zinc ions (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biospectroscopy 1 (1995), S. 291-296 
    Details
    ISSN: 1075-4261
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Deoxycholic acid is an important physiological bile acid. The binding of bile salts with metal ions has received more attention due to its clinical significance. In this study, a series of copper and zinc deoxycholate complexes were synthesized. EXAFS and FTIR spectroscopic techniques were used for characterization. The results indicated that both the carboxyl and hydroxyl groups of deoxycholic acid are binding to the Cu (or Zn) ion to form a new complex. There are six oxygen atoms surrounding the metal ion with the average bond lengths of Cu-O and Zn-O are 1.95 and 2.06 Å respectively. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bspy.350010407
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copper bilirubinate and black pigment gallstone (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biospectroscopy 1 (1995), S. 149-156 
    Details
    ISSN: 1075-4261
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: A series of copper bilirubinate complexes (CuBR) was synthesized in solution and in solid state to mimic the black color of the black-pigment gallstone and to explore the formation mechanism of the gallstonein vitro. The variation of the copper contents of these samples indicated that CuBR also exhibits nonstoichiometric characteristics from the FTIR study, i.e., both the so-called acid and neutral copper complex moieties exist in CuBR. The NH groups in pyrrole and lactam groups of bilirubin (H2BR) are binding to the copper ions. An EPR study demonstrates the generation of free radicals and the variation of its electronic structure and conjugation system in the skeleton of H2BR molecule during complex formation. A polymer of CuBR may form through the reaction of H2BR with copper ions. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bspy.350010209
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Periodic and chaotic precipitation phenomena in bile salt system related to gallstone formation (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biospectroscopy 3 (1997), S. 195-205 
    Details
    ISSN: 1075-4261
    Keywords: cholelithiasis ; gallstone ; bile salts ; periodic precipitation ; fractal precipitation ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: This is the first observation that both chaotic and periodic patterns are formed in metal ions-deoxycholate-gel systems. It is an in vitro model for approximating the conditions present during gallstone formation. The experimental results suggest that a nonlinear scientific concept such as the “butterfly effect” should be considered in understanding gallstone formation. This effect suggests that a butterfly flapping its wings in Beijing today may lead to a thunderstorm in New York months later. Applying this concept to biology, minor changes in the local chemical environment within biological systems may lead to large variations in the structure and morphology of gallstone through changes in the behavior of biological mineralization process. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biospect 3: 195-205, 1997
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A spectroscopic study of pigment gallstones in China (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biospectroscopy 3 (1997), S. 371-380 
    Details
    ISSN: 1075-4261
    Keywords: brown pigment stone ; PAGE ; mid-IR spectroscopy ; far IR spectroscopy ; FT-Raman ; bezoar ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Spectroscopic studies of various types of gallstones carried out in China are reviewed. Three basic classes of gallstones are surveyed: cholesterol stones, brown pigment stones, and black pigment stones. The emphasis of this review is on brown gallstones. The primary spectroscopic methods used in the studies surveyed are Fourier transform infrared absorption and Fourier transform Raman scattering. Chemical components studied in gallstones include cholesterol, bile pigments, glycoproteins, proteins, bilirubin metal complexes, and salts of calcium and other metals. Further studies are needed characterize the relationship of these components to more complex features of gallstones. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biospectroscopy 3: 371-380, 1997
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A spectroscopic investigation of the formation mechanism of pigment gallstones (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biospectroscopy 3 (1997), S. 381-391 
    Details
    ISSN: 1075-4261
    Keywords: black pigment gallstone ; FTIR ; EPR ; nonlinear phenomena ; vibrational mode ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Further spectroscopic studies of gallstones are reviewed with an emphasis on the formation of black pigment gallstones. This type of gallstone appears mainly in Western countries, with only 3% of the cholelithiasis patients in China having black gallstones. Fourier transform infrared absorption and electron paramagnetic resonance are used as spectroscopic probes of gallstones and their metal bilirubinate components. Nonlinear phenomena in gallstone formation were investigated through the appearance of ring structure in gallstones and fractal patterns in the formation in the precipitates of bile salt systems. Although a complete understanding of gallstone formation has not yet been achieved, interesting progress toward this goal has been made recently. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biospectroscopy 3: 381-391, 1997
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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