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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Handbook of Single Molecule Fluorescence Spectroscopy. (2006)
    Oxford :Oxford University Press, Incorporated,
    Details
    Keywords: Fluorescence spectroscopy -- Handbooks, manuals, etc. ; Molecular spectroscopy -- Handbooks, manuals, etc. ; Electronic books.
    Description / Table of Contents: This book is aimed at providing a practical introduction to single molecule fluorescence experiments, the analysis of the data, and applications of the techniques to the study of biological structure and function. The techniques have wide applications in biology, and underpin some aspects of nanotechnology and quantum information processing.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (279 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9780191523854
    URL: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/geomar/detail.action?docID=430357
    DDC: 543/.56
    Language: English
    Note: Intro -- CONTENTS -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- GLOSSARY OF TERMS AND SYMBOLS -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- I -- J -- K -- M -- N -- O -- P -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Motivation -- 1.2 A historical perspective -- 1.3 This book -- 1.4 Single molecule measurements -- References -- 2 Single molecule fluorescence techniques -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Burst analysis -- 2.3 Photon counting histograms -- 2.4 Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy -- 2.5 Fluorescence resonance energy transfer -- 2.6 Measurements of immobilized single molecules -- 2.7 Other related techniques -- References -- 3 Single molecule fluorescence instrumentation -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Optical arrangements for single molecule detection -- 3.3 Methods for discriminating signal from noise -- 3.4 Wavelength or polarization selection optics -- 3.5 Excitation sources -- 3.6 Microscope objectives for single molecule fluorescence detection -- 3.7 Detectors for single molecule fluorescence experiments -- 3.8 Acquisition cards and software -- 3.9 Realizing single molecule instrumentation -- References -- 4 Preparation of samples for single molecule fluorescence spectroscopy -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Dye selection -- 4.3 Labelling of biomolecules -- 4.4 Doubly labelling single protein molecules for FRET studies -- 4.5 Optimizing biochemical systems for single molecule fluorescence studies -- 4.6 Immobilization methods -- References -- 5 Fluorescence spectroscopy of freely diffusing single molecules: examples -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Single molecule studies of freely diffusing molecules -- References -- 6 Fluorescence spectroscopy of immobilized single molecules: examples -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Single molecule studies of immobilized molecules -- References -- 7 The outlook for single molecule fluorescence measurements -- 7.1 Outlook -- References -- INDEX. , A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- Q -- R -- S -- T -- W -- Y -- Z.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A kinetic study of benzene oxidation to phenol by whole cells of Nitrosomonas europaea and evidence for the further oxidation of phenol to hydroquinone (1985)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 143 (1985), S. 302-306 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Ammonia monooxygenase ; Benzene oxidation ; Methanotrophs ; Nitrifying bacteria ; Nitrosomonas europaea ; Phenol oxidation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The oxidation of benzene to phenol by whole cells of Nitrosomonas europaea is catalysed by ammonia monooxygenase, and therefore requires a source of reducing power. Endogenous substrates, hydrazine, hydroxylamine and ammonium ions were compared as reductants. The highest rates of benzene oxidation were obtained with 4 mM benzene and hydrazine as reductant, and equalled 6 μmol· h-1·mg protein-1. The specificity of ammonia monooxygenase for benzene as a substrate was determined by measuring k cat/K m for benzene relative to k cat/K m for uncharged ammonia, a value of 0.4 being obtained. Phenol was found to be further hydroxylated to yield hydroquinone. This reaction, like benzene oxidation, was sensitive to the ammonia monooxygenase inhibitor allylthiourea. Catechol and resorcinol were not detected as products of phenol oxidation, implying that at least 88% of the hydroxylation is para-directed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00411254
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Increased Production of IL-4 by Gut T-Cell Lines from Patients with Dermatitis Herpetiformis Compared to Patients with Isolated Gluten-Sensitive Enteropathy (2000)
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 45 (2000), S. 2036-2043 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Keywords: dermatitis herpetiformis ; gluten-sensitive enteropathy ; mucosal immunity ; T cell
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Dermatitis herpetiformis (DH) and isolated gluten-sensitive enteropathy (GSE) are gluten-sensitive diseases in which ingestion of dietary gluten results in the development of clinical disease. Patients with DH develop cutaneous IgA deposits and a severe skin disease, but rarely develop gastrointestinal symptoms. Patients with isolated GSE develop clinically significant gastrointestinal symptoms, but not skin disease or cutaneous IgA deposits. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism by which a mucosal immune response to the same dietary antigen can result in two distinct clinical phenotypes. T-cell lines were derived from activated T-cells in the small bowel mucosa of five patients with DH and 14 patients with isolated GSE and analyzed for T-cell markers and cytokine production in vitro. T-cell lines from DH and isolated GSE patients produced IFN-γ after stimulation (mean: DH = 2619 pg/ml; isolated GSE = 1993 pg/ml; NS). T-cell lines from patients with DH, however, produced significantly more IL-4 than the T-cell lines from patients with isolated GSE (IL-4: DH = 2010 pg/ml; isolated GSE = 235 pg/ml; P 〈 0.05). Analysis of intracytoplasmic cytokine production by the T-cell lines showed that T-cell lines from patients with DH were CD4+ predominant, with a greater proportion of CD4+/IL4+ cells than CD4+/IFN-γ+ cells. In contrast, isolated GSE T-cell lines were predominantly CD8+, with an equal proportion of IL-4- and IFN-γ-positive cells. These studies demonstrate that T cell lines from patients with DH produce significantly more IL-4 than T-cell lines from patients with isolated GSE, while producing similar amounts of IFN-γ. This difference in cytokine pattern may play an important role in the different clinical manifestations of these two forms of gluten sensitivity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005512513007
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of Interleukin-4 and Interferon-gamma in the Small Bowel of Patients with Dermatitis Herpetiformis and Isolated Gluten-Sensitive Enteropathy (1999)
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 44 (1999), S. 2124-2132 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Keywords: INTERLEUKIN-4 ; INTERFERON-γ ; GLUTEN-SENSITIVE ENTEROPATHY ; DERMATITIS HERPETIFORMIS
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Although possessing a morphologically similarsmall bowel abnormality to patients with isolatedgluten-sensitive enteropathy (GSE), patients withdermatitis herpetiformis (DH) have few gastrointestinal symptoms and exhibit blistering skin lesionsand cutaneous IgA deposits. To determine whetherclinical discrepancies between these gluten-sensitiveconditions might be the result of different patterns of small bowel cytokine expression, duodenalbiopsies were obtained from eight DH patients and nineisolated GSE patients. Biopsies were evaluated forinterleukin-4 (IL-4) and interferon-γ(IFN-γ) expression by reverse-transcriptase polymerasechain reaction (message) and immunohistochemistry(protein). In DH patients, most of whom had no gutsymptoms, IFN-γ mRNA expression was significantly less than in isolated GSE patients withsymptomatic gut disease. Conversely, IL-4 mRNAexpression in DH patients was greater than that foundamong isolated GSE patients. These findings suggest thatthe different clinical phenotypes of glutensensitivity may be caused by variation in cytokineexpression in the small bowel response togluten.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026699108147
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 5
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    Lipid remodelling is a widespread strategy in marine heterotrophic bacteria upon phosphorus deficiency (2016)
    Nature Publishing Group
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: © The International Society for Microbial Ecology, 2015. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in ISME Journal 10 (2016): 968–978, doi:10.1038/ismej.2015.172.
    Description: Upon phosphorus (P) deficiency, marine phytoplankton reduce their requirements for P by replacing membrane phospholipids with alternative non-phosphorus lipids. It was very recently demonstrated that a SAR11 isolate also shares this capability when phosphate starved in culture. Yet, the extent to which this process occurs in other marine heterotrophic bacteria and in the natural environment is unknown. Here, we demonstrate that the substitution of membrane phospholipids for a variety of non-phosphorus lipids is a conserved response to P deficiency among phylogenetically diverse marine heterotrophic bacteria, including members of the Alphaproteobacteria and Flavobacteria. By deletion mutagenesis and complementation in the model marine bacterium Phaeobacter sp. MED193 and heterologous expression in recombinant Escherichia coli, we confirm the roles of a phospholipase C (PlcP) and a glycosyltransferase in lipid remodelling. Analyses of the Global Ocean Sampling and Tara Oceans metagenome data sets demonstrate that PlcP is particularly abundant in areas characterized by low phosphate concentrations. Furthermore, we show that lipid remodelling occurs seasonally and responds to changing nutrient conditions in natural microbial communities from the Mediterranean Sea. Together, our results point to the key role of lipid substitution as an adaptive strategy enabling heterotrophic bacteria to thrive in the vast P-depleted areas of the ocean.
    Description: This work was partially supported by grants STORM (CTM2009-09352/MAR), MALASPINA (CSD2008-00077), HOTMIX (CTM2011-30010/MAR), DOREMI (CTM2012-34294) and EcoBGM (CTM2013-48292-C3-3-R) funded by the Spanish Government, GAČR project GA13-11281S and MESOAQUA (228224) funded by the European Union Seventh Framework Program (FP7/2007-2013) and by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), UK (NE/M002233/1).
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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