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  • 1
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    Personal microbiomes and next-generation sequencing for laboratory-based education (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-12-23
    Description: Sequencing and bioinformatics technologies have advanced rapidly in recent years, driven largely by developments in next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology. Given the increasing importance of these advances, there is a growing need to incorporate concepts and practices relating to NGS into undergraduate and high school science curricula. We believe that direct access to sequencing and bioinformatics will improve the ability of students to understand the information obtained through these increasingly ubiquitous research tools. In this commentary, we discuss approaches and challenges for bringing NGS into the classroom based on our experiences in developing and running a microbiome project in high school and undergraduate courses. We describe strategies for maximizing student engagement through establishing personal relevance and utilizing an inquiry-based structure. Additionally, we address the practical issues of incorporating cutting edge technologies into an established curriculum. Looking forward, we anticipate that NGS educational experiments will become more commonplace as sequencing costs continue to decrease and the workflow becomes more user friendly.
    Keywords: Professional Development
    Print ISSN: 0378-1097
    Electronic ISSN: 1574-6968
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experimentelle Untersuchungen von klinischen und subklinischen Formen der Zeckenencephalitis an unterschiedlich empfänglichen Wirten III. Das histologische Bild der Zeckenencephalitis bei Affen (1967)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 8 (1967), S. 35-46 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00686648
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experimentelle Untersuchungen von klinischen und subklinischen Formen der Zeckenencephalitis an unterschiedlich empfänglichen Wirten III. Das histologische Bild der Zeckenencephalitis bei Affen (1967)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 8 (1967), S. 24-34 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The neurovirulence of tick-borne encephalitis virus, strain JIR, for the monkey central nervous system (CNS) differs greatly after central (intracerebral or intraspinal) and after peripheral (subcutaneous) inoculation. After central administration there was observed severe cerebellitis of an “All or None” type, while in other parts of the CNS only slight encephalomyelitis appeared. The picture and the course of the infection after both intracerebral and intraspinal inoculation did not differ. Virus inoculated subcutaneously in high dosis produced the subclinical form of infection. In 3/4 of cases the extraneural infection developed with an antibody response, whereas in the remaining 1/4 of animals slight secondary encephalomyelitis was found with diffuse lesions of the CNS. The pathogenesis of these findings is discussed.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Der Stamm JIR der Zeckenencephalitis zeigt am Nervensystem von Affen je nach zentraler bzw. peripherer Inoculation eine unterschiedliche Neurovirulenz. Nach zentraler Applikation konnten wir im Bereich des Cerebellums eine Reaktion vom Typus “Alles-oder-Nichts” beobachten. In den übrigen Teilen des ZNS kam es nur zu einem leichten encephalomyelitischen Prozeß. Das Bild und der Verlauf der Infektion blieb nach intracerebraler wie nach intraspinaler Inoculation gleich. Subcutan verimpftes Virus rief nach hohen Dosen nur eine subklinische Form der Infektion hervor. In 3/4 der Fälle handelte es sich um eine extraneurale Infektion, die sich nur durch eine Antikörperbildung auswirkte, bei 1/4 der Tiere wurde eine leichte sekundäre Encephalomyelitis mit diffusen Läsionen im ZNS gefunden. Die Pathogenese dieser Befunde wird diskutiert.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00686647
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experimentelle Untersuchungen von klinischen und subklinischen Formen der Zeckenencephalitis an unterschiedlich empfänglichen Wirten: Mäusen, Hamstern und Affen (1966)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 7 (1966), S. 89-100 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00686776
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experimentelle Untersuchungen von klinischen und subklinischen Formen der Zeckenencephalitis an unterschiedlich empfänglichen Wirten: Mäusen, Hamstern und Affen (1966)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 7 (1966), S. 70-78 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The tick-borne encephalitis virus (TE), strain JIR isolated in Czechoslovakia, has been shown to be highly neurovirulent for central nervous system (CNS) of white mice. After both intracerebral and subcutaneous inoculation, this virus induced the severe encephalitis with “All or None”-character which progressed to a lethal end. The subclinical infection was not observed. The titration curve of the virus in CSN reached its maximum on the 4th day, that of CB-antigens on the 5th day after intracerebral inoculation. In the histological picture the first visible change was the inflammatory reaction, whereas the primary neuronal lesions appeared later. In further development of encephalitis the neuronal lesions prevailed reaching the maximum the 5th day and ending with destruction of the affected cells over extend areas of CNS. Differences in the morphological changes of primary (after intracerebral inoc.) and secondary (after subcutaneous inoc.) encephalitis were insignificant.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Der in der Tschechoslowakei isolierte Stamm JIR des ZE-Virus zeigte nach intracerebraler bzw. subcutaner Inoculation eine große Neurovirulenz gegenüber dem ZNS der Maus. Bei primärer (nach intracerebraler Inoculation) wie bei sekundärer (nach subcutaner Inoculation) Encephalitis wurde eine Reaktion vom Charakter des “Alles oder Nichts”-Typs beobachtet. Eine subklinische Form bildete sich nie aus. Die Titrationskurve des Infektionsvirus im ZNS hatte am 4. Tag, die des KB-Antigens am 5. Tag nach intracerebraler Inoculation ihren Gipfelpunkt. Im histologischen Bild erschien nach intracerebraler Inoculation zunächst eine entzündliche Reaktion, welche die später auftretende primäre Alteration der Nervenzellen übersteigt. Im weiteren Verlauf überwogen die Nervenzellveränderungen. Das Maximum der neuralen Veränderungen, welche mit dem Untergang von Nervenzellen in ausgedehnten Bereichen des ZNS endeten, war am 5. Tag zu verzeichnen, etwa 24 Std später als das Maximum des Infektionsvirus-Titers im Gewebe, jedoch zu gleicher Zeit mit dem Höhepunkt des Virus-Antigentiters. Die Unterschiede der histologischen Veränderungen bei primärer und sekundärer Encephalitis waren unbedeutend.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00686610
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A recombinant vaccinia virus expressing hepatitis B virus middle surface protein Restricted expression of HBV antigens in human diploid cells (1990)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 112 (1990), S. 181-193 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Several vaccinia virus recombinants inducing the synthesis of the middle surface (M) protein of hepatitis B virus (HBV) were constructed. One of them, denoted vl37, was examined in some detail. The virus replicated nearly to the same extent in various cell lines, viz. human embryo diploid fibroblast LEP and MRC-5 cells, rabbit embryo fibroblast REF cells, TK− rat RAT-2 cells, and green monkey CV-1 cells. However, the production of M protein was found considerably lower in the human LEP and MRC-5 than in the other cells examined. In addition, the kinetics of M formation were different in these two cell systems, LEP cells lagging significantly behind CV-1 cells. The low-level production of M protein in LEP cells was not increased by repeated vl37 passages in LEP cells, nor by a passage in a laboratory worker accidentally infected with the vl37 virus, nor by shortening the leader sequence preceding the translation initiation codon. The greater part of the M antigen was found to be cell associated, more so in the cells of human than monkey origin. From the major HBV S antigen (HBsAg) isolated from the plasma of chronically infected subjects, the antigen released by cell destruction differed by binding to polymerized human albumin. This property was utilized in ELISA to detect anti-preS2 antibody. Rabbits inoculated intradermally with the vl37 virus developed antibodies reactive in this assay as well as with a synthetic peptide corresponding in the amino acids 14–34 of the NH2terminus of the HBsAg preS2 region.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01323163
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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