Keywords:
Green chemistry.
;
Biochemical engineering.
;
Bioremediation.
;
Natural products-Biotechnology.
;
Electronic books.
Description / Table of Contents:
This book gives a sound knowledge on management of wastes using various biological techniques. Overall, the theme of this book is to sum up all the available cutting edge technologies for the Environmental pollution management as well as production of valuable products.
Type of Medium:
Online Resource
Pages:
1 online resource (271 pages)
Edition:
1st ed.
ISBN:
9780429584442
URL:
https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/geomar/detail.action?docID=5839963
Language:
English
Note:
Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Foreword -- Preface -- Editors -- Contributors -- 1: Biosorption - An Elective Strategy for Wastewater Treatment: An Eco-Friendly Approach -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Water Pollutants -- 1.2.1 Heavy Metals and Their Toxicity -- 1.3 Conventional Methodologies -- 1.3.1 Coagulation and Flocculation -- 1.3.2 Ion Exchange -- 1.3.3 Precipitation -- 1.3.4 Membrane Filtration -- 1.3.5 Electrochemical Processes -- 1.4 Biosorption Process -- 1.5 Biosorption Mechanism -- 1.5.1 Bacteria -- 1.5.2 Fungi -- 1.5.3 Algae -- 1.6 Factors Affecting the Biosorption Process -- 1.6.1 pH -- 1.6.2 Temperature -- 1.6.3 Characteristics and Concentration of Biomass -- 1.6.4 Initial Metal Ion Concentration -- 1.7 Biosorbents -- 1.7.1 Techniques for Biosorbent Characterization -- 1.8 Biosorption Isotherms -- 1.8.1 Langmuir Isotherm -- 1.8.2 Freundlich Isotherm -- 1.8.3 Constraint of Freundlich Adsorption Isotherm -- 1.9 Kinetics Study -- 1.10 Conclusion -- References -- 2: Recent Advancements and Perspectives on Biological Degradation of Azo Dye -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Industrial Application of Azo Dye -- 2.3 Environmental Concerns Due to Azo Dye -- 2.4 Technologies Available for Degradation of Azo Dye -- 2.4.1 Physico-Chemical Degradation -- 2.4.1.1 Coagulation -- 2.4.2 Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) and Ozonation -- 2.4.3 Biosorption -- 2.4.4 Enzymatic Degradation -- 2.4.5 Enzymatic Methods -- 2.5 Biological Degradation and Its Mechanism -- 2.5.1 Biodegradation by Plants -- 2.5.2 Biodegradation by Microbes -- 2.5.2.1 Factors that Control Microbial Dye Decoloration -- 2.5.2.2 Limitation of Microbial Dye Degradation -- 2.5.3 Bioaugmentation of Microbes for Degradation -- 2.5.3.1 Degradation of Effluents Using Genetic Engineering -- 2.5.4 Role of Nanotechnology in Biological Remediation.
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2.6 Reactors for Biological Degradation of Azo Dye -- 2.6.1 Continuously Stirred Anaerobic Digester -- 2.6.2 Up-Flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Reactor -- 2.6.3 Fluidized and Expanded Bed Reactors -- 2.6.4 Anaerobic Filters (AF) -- 2.6.5 Microbial Fuel Cells -- 2.7 Recent Advancements and Future Perspectives -- 2.8 Conclusion -- References -- 3: Performance Analysis of Anaerobic Digestion of Textile Dyeing Industry Effluent in a Modified Sequential Batch Reactor -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Materials and Methods -- 3.2.1 Sorbent and Support Media -- 3.2.2 Anaerobic Sequential Batch Reactor (ASBR) -- 3.2.3 Groundnut Shell Powder -- 3.2.4 Experimental Procedure for Optimization Studies in ASBRs -- 3.2.5 Screening of Sorbent -- 3.3 Results and Discussion -- 3.3.1 Start-Up of ASBR for Textile Dyeing Effluent Treatment -- 3.3.2 Optimization of Process Variables in ASBR -- 3.3.3 Continuous Study in ASBR -- 3.3.4 SVI and Mixed Liquor Volatile Suspended Solid Concentration in ASBR -- 3.3.5 Effect of HRT and Substrate Concentration on Volatile Fatty Acid -- 3.3.6 Gas Production and F/M Ratio in ASBR -- 3.4 Conclusions -- References -- 4: Waste Sea Shells for Biodiesel Production - Current Status and Future Perspective -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Waste Shells -- 4.2.1 Environmental Impacts of Waste Sea Shells -- 4.2.2 Beneficial Uses of Waste Sea Shells -- 4.2.2.1 Biopolymer Synthesis -- 4.2.2.2 Astaxanthin Extraction -- 4.2.2.3 In Constructions -- 4.2.2.4 Wastewater Treatment -- 4.2.2.5 Adsorbent -- 4.2.2.6 Biodiesel Synthesis -- 4.2.3 Characterization of Waste Sea Shells -- 4.3 Catalyst Preparation and Modification Technique -- 4.4 Production of Biodiesel Using Waste Shells -- 4.5 Future Perspective of Waste Shells -- 4.6 Conclusion -- References -- 5: An Intensified and Integrated Biorefinery Approach for Biofuel Production -- Abbreviations -- 5.1 Introduction.
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5.2 A View on Biorefineries in India -- 5.2.1 The Godavari Sugar Mills Ltd. -- 5.3 Necessity for Biorefinery Approach -- 5.4 Challenges in Biorefinery -- 5.5 Conceptualization -- 5.6 Biorefinery Phases -- 5.7 Prevailing Technologies for Biorefinery -- 5.8 Intensified Biorefinery Processes -- 5.8.1 Intensified Biorefinery Processes Based on Sophisticated and Prominent Technology -- 5.8.1.1 Microwave Irradiation -- 5.8.1.2 Pyrolysis -- 5.8.1.3 Acoustic Cavitation -- 5.8.1.4 Hydrodynamic Cavitation -- 5.8.1.5 Gamma Ray -- 5.8.1.6 Electron Beam Irradiation -- 5.8.1.7 High-Pressure Autoclave Reactor -- 5.8.1.8 Steam Explosion -- 5.8.1.9 Photochemical Oxidation -- 5.8.2 Intensification of Processes with Novel Synthetic Routes -- 5.8.3 Intensification of Biorefinery Processes in Terms of Modifying the Equipment -- 5.8.3.1 Second-Generation Biofuel from a Fifth-Generation Bioreactor -- 5.9 Benefits -- 5.10 Applicability -- 5.11 Recent Advancements and Future Scope of Biorefinery -- 5.12 Conclusions and Perspective -- References -- 6: Hydrothermal Carbonization for Valorization of Rice Husk -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Technologies Involved in Conversion of Biomass -- 6.2.1 Gasification -- 6.2.2 Pyrolysis -- 6.2.3 Dry Torrefaction -- 6.2.4 Hydrothermal Carbonization -- 6.3 Decomposition Reactions and Mechanisms Involved in HTC -- 6.4 Influence of Reaction Parameters on the HTC Process -- 6.4.1 Reaction Temperature -- 6.4.2 Operating Pressure -- 6.4.3 Reaction Time -- 6.4.3 pH -- 6.4.4 Solid Load -- 6.5 Hydrochar Applications -- 6.5.1 Soil Amendment -- 6.5.2 Renewable Energy Resource -- 6.5.3 Activated Carbon Adsorbent -- 6.5.4 Carbon Sequestration -- 6.5.5 Additional Applications -- 6.6 Hydrothermal Carbonization of Rice Husk -- 6.7 Thermogravimetric Analysis of Hydrochar -- 6.7.1 Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose Method (KAS) -- 6.7.2 Friedman Method.
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6.7.3 Flynn-Wall-Ozawa Method -- 6.7.4 Coats-Redfern Method -- 6.8 Modeling of HTC Process -- 6.8.1 Two-Step Kinetic Model for the HTC Process -- 6.9 Challenges and Future Scope -- References -- 7: Production of Biofuels from Algal Biomass -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Biomass Feedstock -- 7.2.1 Various Feedstocks -- 7.2.2 Algae as Biomass Feedstock -- 7.2.3 Advantage of Macro-Algae as Biomass Feedstock -- 7.3 Cultivation and Nutrients of Algae -- 7.3.1 Open Pond -- 7.3.2 Closed-Loop System -- 7.4 Methods for Biofuel Production -- 7.4.1 Chemical Conversion -- 7.4.2 Thermochemical Conversion -- 7.4.2.1 Pyrolysis -- 7.4.2.2 Gasification -- 7.4.2.3 Liquefaction -- 7.4.2.4 Torrefaction -- 7.4.3 Biochemical Conversion (BCC) -- 7.4.3.1 Anaerobic Digestion -- 7.4.3.2 Fermentation -- 7.5 Scope for Biorefinery -- 7.6 Summary -- References -- 8: Diffusion Limitations in Biocatalytic Reactions: Challenges and Solutions -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.1.1 Types of Catalysis -- 8.1.1.1 Homogeneous Catalysis -- 8.1.1.2 Heterogeneous Catalysis -- 8.1.1.3 Electrocatalysis -- 8.1.1.4 Nanocatalysis -- 8.1.1.5 Photocatalysis -- 8.1.1.6 Autocatalysis -- 8.1.1.7 Enzymatic Catalysis (Biocatalysis) -- 8.1.1.8 Acid-Base Catalysis -- 8.2 Factors Influencing Biocatalytic Action -- 8.2.1 Substrate Concentration -- 8.2.2 Enzyme Concentration -- 8.2.3 Surface Area -- 8.2.4 Diffusion -- 8.2.4.1 External Diffusion -- 8.2.4.2 Internal Diffusion -- 8.3 Approaches to Overcome Diffusional Limitations -- 8.3.1 Hydrogels -- 8.3.2 Sensitive Matrices -- 8.3.3 Non-Porous Supports -- 8.4 Summary -- References -- 9: Recent Advancements and Applications of Nanotechnology in Expelling Heavy Metal Contaminants from Wastewater -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Characteristics of Wastewater -- 9.3 Conventional Wastewater Treatment -- 9.3.1 Coagulation and Flocculation -- 9.3.2 Precipitation -- 9.3.3 Ion Exchange.
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9.3.4 Electro-Chemical Methods -- 9.3.5 Membrane Separation -- 9.3.6 Adsorption -- 9.4 Pros and Cons of the Conventional Treatment Methods -- 9.5 Nanotechnology for Wastewater Treatment -- 9.5.1 Nanosorbents for Heavy Metal Removal -- 9.5.2 Carbon Nanotube-Based Adsorption of Heavy Metals -- 9.5.3 Nanomembranes for Nanofiltration -- 9.5.4 Nano-Structured Catalyst for Photocatalytic Oxidation -- 9.5.5 Nanomaterials in Water Disinfection -- 9.6 Conclusions -- References -- 10: Organic Flocculation as an Alternative for Wastewater Treatment -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Flocculants from Natural Sources -- 10.2.1 Bio-sludge -- 10.2.2 Microbes as Sources of Bioflocculants -- 10.2.3 Plants as Sources of Bioflocculants -- 10.2.4 Biopolymers as Sources of Bioflocculants -- 10.3 Preparation of Flocculant Composites -- 10.4 Technological Advances -- 10.4.1 Adsorption-Coupled Flocculation -- 10.4.2 Ultrasonic-Assisted Flocculation -- 10.4.3 UV-Coupled Flocculation -- 10.5 Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 11: Power Production in Microbial Fuel Cells (MFC): Recent Progress and Future Scope -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Energy Crisis in India -- 11.3 Waste to Energy Options in India -- 11.4 Background of Microbial Fuel Cells (MFC) -- 11.4.1 Extra Cellular Electron Transfer by Bacteria -- 11.5 Factors Affecting MFC Performance -- 11.5.1 Operating Factors -- 11.5.1.1 pH of the System -- 11.5.1.2 Organic Loading Rate -- 11.5.1.3 Hydraulic Retention Time -- 11.5.1.4 Electrochemically Active Biofilm Formation -- 11.5.1.5 Temperature -- 11.5.2 MFC Material Properties -- 11.5.2.1 Anode -- 11.5.2.2 Cathode -- 11.5.2.3 Separator -- 11.5.3 Number of Chambers -- 11.6 Large-Scale MFC Architecture -- 11.6.1 Tubular MFC -- 11.6.2 Stacked MFC -- 11.6.3 Separate Electrode Modules -- 11.7 Power Harvesting in MFC -- 11.8 Real-Time MFC Testing -- 11.9 Future and Scope.
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11.10 Conclusion.
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