Note: Front Cover -- Antisense Technology -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Contributors to Volume 314 -- Preface -- Volumes in Series -- Section I: Antisense Receptor Targets -- Chapter 1. In Vivo Modulation of G Proteins and Opioid Receptor Function by Antisense Oligodeoxynucleotides -- Chapter 2. Targeting Brain GABAA Receptors with Antisense Oligonucleotides: Implications for Epilepsy -- Chapter 3. Delivery of Antisense DNA by Vectors for Prolonged Effects in Vitro and in Vivo -- Chapter 4. Antisense Mapping: Assessing Functional Significance of Genes and Splice Variants -- Chapter 5. In Vitro and in Vivo Effects of Antisense on alpha2-Adrenoceptor Expression -- Chapter 6. Design and Efficacy of a Serotonin-2A Receptor Antisense Oligodeoxynucleotide -- Chapter 7. Reduction of Neurotransmitter Receptor and G-Protein Expression in Vivo and in Vitro by Antisense Oligodeoxynucleotide Treatment -- Chapter 8. Use of Expression of Antisense mRNA for Convertases 1 and 2 in Prohormone Processing -- Section II: Antisense Neuroscience Targets -- Chapter 9. Strategies for the Design and Delivery of Antisense Oligonucleotides in Central Nervous System -- Chapter 10. Use of Antisense Expression Plasmids to Attenuate G-Protein Expression in Primary Neurons -- Chapter 11. Gene Functional Analysis in Nervous System -- Chapter 12. RNA Mapping: Selection of Potent Oligonucleotide Sequences for Antisense Experiments -- Chapter 13. Effects of Centrally Administered Antisense Oligodeoxynucleotides on Feeding Behavior and Hormone Secretion -- Chapter 14. Blockade of Neuropathic Pain by Antisense Targeting of Tetrodotoxin-Resistant Sodium Channels in Sensory Neurons -- Chapter 15. Antisense Approach for Study of Cell Adhesion Molecules in Central Nervous System. , Chapter 16. Sequence Design and Practical Implementation of Antisense Oligonucleotides in Neuroendocrinology -- Chapter 17. Localization of Oligonucleotides in Brain by in Situ Hybridization -- Chapter 18. Use of Antisense Oligonucleotides in Human Neuronal and Astrocytic Cultures -- Cnapter 19. Pharmacokinetic Properties of Oligonucleotides in Brain -- Chapter 20. Antisense Oligonucleotides: Preparation and in Vivo Application to Rat Brain -- Chapter 21. Application of Antisense Techniques to Characterize Neuronal Ion Channels in Vitro -- Section III: Antisense in Nonneuronal Tissues -- Chapter 22. Antisense Inhibition of Sodium-Calcium Exchanger -- Chapter 23. Targeted Delivery of Antisense Oligonucleotides to Parenchymal Liver Cell in Vivo -- Chapter 24. Antisense Methods for Discrimination of Phenotypic Properties of Closely Related Gene Products: Jun Kinase Family -- Chapter 25. Evaluation of Biological Role of c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase Using an Antisense Approach -- Chapter 26. Role of Antisense in Kidney Cells -- Chapter 27. Use of Antisense Techniques in Rat Renal Medulla -- Chapter 28. Antisense Approaches to in Vitro Organ Culture -- Chapter 29. In Vivo and in Vitro Antiproliferative Effects of Antisense Interleukin 10 Oligonucleotides -- Chapter 30. Inhibition of c-ABL Expression in Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells Using Antisense Oligodeoxynucleotides -- Chapter 31. Cellular Pharmacology of Antisense Oligodeoxynucleotides -- Chapter 32. Application of Antisense Oligodeoxynucleotides for Suppression of Na+/Ca2+ Exchange -- Chapter 33. Optimizing Efficacy of Antisense Oligodeoxynucleotides Targeting Inhibitors of Apoptosis -- Section IV: Antisense in Therapy -- Chapter 34. In Vitro and in Vivo Modulation of Transforming Growth Factor beta1 Gene Expression by Antisense Oligomer. , Chapter 35. Analysis of Cancer Gene Functions through Gene Inhibition with Antisense Oligonucleotides -- Chapter 36. Dosimetry and Optimization of in Vivo Targeting with Radiolabeled Antisense Oligodeoxynucleotides: Oligonucleotide Radiotherapy -- Chapter 37. Antisense Oligonucleotide Therapy of Hepadnavirus Infection -- Chapter 38. Preclinical Antisense DNA Therapy of Cancer in Mice -- Chapter 39. Retrovirally Mediated Delivery of Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Antisense in Vitro and in Vivo -- Author Index -- Subject Index.

Note: Cover -- Two-Component Signaling Systems, Part B -- Copyright -- Table of Contents -- Contributors to Volume 423 -- Methods in Enzymology -- Section I Structural Approaches -- [1]. The PICM Chemical Scanning Method for Identifying Domain-Domain and Protein-Protein Interfaces: Applications to the Core Signaling Complex of E. coli Chemotaxis -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Comparison of the PICM Method with Other Scanning Approaches -- PICM Studies of the Core Signaling Complex of Bacterial Chemotaxis -- Generalizing the PICM Method to Map Docking Sites in Other Systems -- Incorporation of an Affinity Tag and Creation of a Cysless Protein -- Choice of Positions for Cys Incorporation and Creation of a Mutant Library -- Selection of a Cys-Specific Probe for Chemical Modification -- Probe Labeling and Purification of the Single Cys Mutants -- Quantitation of Probe Coupling -- Measuring Functional Effects of Cys Substitution and Bulky Probe Coupling -- Interpretation of Results-Mapping Out Docking Sites -- Acknowledgments -- References -- [2]. Use of Site-Directed Cysteine and Disulfide Chemistry to Probe Protein Structure and Dynamics: Applications to Soluble and Transmembrane Receptors of Bacterial Chemotaxis -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Site-Directed Cysteine and Disulfide Chemistry: History -- Site-Directed Cysteine and Disulfide Chemistry: Applications and Limitations -- Incorporation of an Affinity Tag and Creation of a Cysless Protein -- Choice of Positions for Cys Incorporation and Creation of a Mutant Library -- Analysis of 2˚ deg Structure by Chemical Reactivity Scanning -- Disulfide Mapping of Spatial Proximity and Conformational Changes -- Disulfide Trapping of Thermal Backbone and Domain Motions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- [3]. Measuring Distances by Pulsed Dipolar ESR Spectroscopy: Spin-Labeled Histidine Kinases -- Abstract. , Introduction -- Dipolar ESR Spectroscopy -- Case Study: PDS Reconstruction of Histidine Kinases Signaling Complex -- Concluding Remarks -- Acknowledgments -- References -- [4]. Rigid Body Refinement of Protein Complexes with Long-Range Distance Restraints from Pulsed Dipolar ESR -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Method -- Initial Conformation of the Complex -- Results -- Discussion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- [5]. TonB/TolA Amino-Terminal Domain Modeling -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Alanyl Replacement -- TonB/TolA Chimeras -- Acknowledgments -- References -- [6]. Functional Dynamics of Response Regulators Using NMR Relaxation Techniques -- Abstract -- Introduction -- The Experimental Setup -- Two-State Allosteric Activation Identified by NMR Chemical Shift Analysis -- Two-State Allosteric Activation Buttressed by Standard NMR Relaxation Experiments -- A New Approach for Quantitative Analysis of Microsecond Protein Dynamics -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- [7]. The Design and Development of Tar-EnvZ Chimeric Receptors -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Construction of Tar-EnvZ Chimeric Protein, Taz -- Asp-Dependent Induction of ompC-lacZ Fusion Gene by Taz and OmpR -- Phenotype Analysis of the Taz Construct -- Regulation of Binding of Asp to One of Two Asp-Binding Pockets of Tar Receptor to Study Signal Transduction -- The Right Configuration of HAMP Domain is Crucial for Proper Signal Transduction in a Tar-EnvZ Chimeric Protein -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- [8]. Functional and Structural Characterization of EnvZ, an Osmosensing Histidine Kinase of E. coli -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Expression and Purification of EnvZc -- Expression and Purification of Domain A and Domain B -- Characterization of EnvZc -- Characterization of EnvZ with Help of its Specific Mutants. , Creation of a Monomeric Histidine Kinase Using EnvZc -- NMR Structural Analysis of Domain A and Domain B -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- [9]. Light Modulation of Histidine-Kinase Activity in Bacterial Phytochromes Monitored by Size Exclusion Chromatography, Crosslinking, and Limited Proteolysis -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Sample Preparation -- Photoconversion, Experimental Light Conditions, Protein Concentration -- Size Exclusion Chromatography -- Protein Crosslinking -- Limited Proteolysis -- Autophosphorylation -- References -- [10]. A Temperature-Sensing Histidine Kinase-Function, Genetics, and Membrane Topology -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Genetic Approaches to Characterize CorRSP -- Transcriptional Analysis -- Biochemical Characterization of CorRSP -- Topological Analysis of the HPK CorS -- Concluding Remarks -- Acknowledgments -- References -- [11]. The Regulation of Histidine Sensor Kinase Complexes by Quorum Sensing Signal Molecules -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Bacterial Quorum Sensing -- The V. harveyi AI-2 Signal Transduction Pathway -- Regulation of the LuxPQ Receptor Complex by AI-2 -- Expression of Wild-Type and Mutant LuxPQp -- Purification of LuxP, LuxQp, and LuxPQp -- Crystallization of LuxPQp Complexes -- Functional Analysis -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Section II. Reconstitution of Heterogeneous Systems -- [12]. Liposome-Mediated Assembly of Receptor Signaling Complexes -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Results―Biochemical Activity of Liposome-Assembled Receptor Fragments -- Methods -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgment -- References -- [13]. Analyzing Transmembrane Chemoreceptors Using In Vivo Disulfide Formation Between Introduced Cysteines -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Disulfide Formation In Vivo: Applications and Limitations -- Oxidation Reagents. , Oxidation Treatments That Preserve In Vivo Function -- Experimental Designs -- Procedures -- Analysis -- Closing Comments -- Acknowledgments -- References -- [14]. Using Nanodiscs to Create Water-Soluble Transmembrane Chemoreceptors Inserted in Lipid Bilayers -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Developing a Protocol for Producing Nanodisc-Embedded Protein -- Preparation of Nanodisc-Embedded Chemoreceptor -- Preparation of Cytoplasmic Membranes with High Tar-6H Content -- Receptor Purification -- Preparation of Receptor-Containing Nanodiscs -- Analysis of Receptor-Containing Nanodiscs -- Acknowledgments -- References -- [15]. Assays for CheC, FliY, and CheX as Representatives of Response Regulator Phosphatases -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Assays -- Phosphate Release Assay -- Pulldowns -- Acknowledgments -- References -- [16]. Genetic Dissection of Signaling Through the Rcs Phosphorelay -- Abstract -- Overview -- Flowchart of Testing: Signaling Inputs -- Analysis of the Regulation of a Target Gene -- Analysis of Signaling via the Rcs Phosphorelay -- RcsC-Dependent Signaling -- RcsA-Dependent Signaling: Increased RcsA Synthesis or Stability -- Determining Whether a Strain Carries a lon Mutation or is Phenotypically Lon¯ -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Section III Intracellular Methods and Assays -- [17]. In Vivo Measurement by FRET of Pathway Activity in Bacterial Chemotaxis -- Abstract -- Introduction -- FRET -- FRET Measurement of the Interaction Between CheY-YFP and CheZ-CFP in a Population of Bacteria Fixed to a Microscope Cover Slip -- FRET Measurement of the Interaction Between CheY-YFP and CheZ-CFP in Single Bacteria Fixed to a Microscope Cover Slip -- BRET Measurement of the Interaction Between YFP-CheY and -CheZ-RLUC in a Population of Bacteria Swimming in a Cuvette. , Comparison of Different Approaches and Application to Other Two-Component Systems -- References -- [18] In Vivo and In Vitro Analysis of the Rhodobacter sphaeroides Chemotaxis Signaling Complexes -- Abstract -- Introduction -- In Vitro Analysis of Signaling by the Kinase Cluster -- Genomic Replacements with Fluorescent Protein Fusions for Studying Protein Localization -- Assessing the Functionality of the Fluorescent Protein Fusions -- Summary -- References -- [19] In Vivo Crosslinking Methods for Analyzing the Assembly and Architecture of Chemoreceptor Arrays -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Use of a Lysine-Targeted Crosslinker to Probe Receptor-Receptor Interactions in Cells -- Use of Cys-Targeted Crosslinking to Probe for the Trimer-of -Dimers Geometry in Cellular Chemoreceptor Assemblies -- Intracytoplasmic Disulfide Crosslinks -- A Trifunctional Cys-Targeted Crosslinker -- TMEA Competition Assay: A Tool for Assessing the Trimer-Forming Ability of Mutant Receptors -- Exchange Assay: Dynamic Changes in Trimer Composition as a Consequence of Changes in the Receptor Population -- Concluding Remarks -- Acknowledgments -- References -- [20]. A "Bucket of Light" for Viewing Bacterial Colonies in Soft Agar -- Abstract -- Viewing Colonies Grown in Soft Agar -- Building a Bucket of Light -- Acknowledgments -- References -- [21]. Phenotypic Suppression Methods for Analyzing Intra- and Inter-Molecular Signaling Interactions of Chemoreceptors -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Conformational Suppression within Receptor Molecules -- Conformational Suppression Between Receptor Molecules -- Acknowledgments -- References -- [22]. Single-Cell Analysis of Gene Expression by Fluorescence Microscopy -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Transcriptional Reporters -- Measuring Cellular Fluorescence by Microscopy -- Agarose Pads -- Fluorescence Microscopy and Image Acquisition. , Image Analysis.

Note: Front Cover -- Two-Component Signaling Systems, Part A -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Contributors to Volume 422 -- Volumes in Series -- Section I: Computational Analyses of Sequences and Sequence Alignments -- Chapter 1: Comparative Genomic and Protein Sequence Analyses of a Complex System Controlling Bacterial Chemotaxis -- Introduction -- Bioinformatics Tools and Resources for Identifying and Analyzing Chemotaxis Components -- Defining MCP Membrane Topology -- Diversity of Input (Sensory) Domains in MCPs -- HAMP Domain Identification -- MCP Signaling Domain -- MCP Pentapeptide Tether -- The CheA Histidine Kinase: Domain Organization, Conservation, and Diversity -- The CheY Response Regulator: Big Problems of the Small Protein -- CheB and CheR -- CheC and CheX -- CheD -- CheZ -- CheW and CheV -- References -- Chapter 2: Two-Component Systems in Microbial Communities: Approaches and Resources for Generating and Analyzing Metagenomic Data Sets -- Introduction -- Generating Metagenomic Data -- Assembly of Environmental Sequence Data -- Gene Prediction in Environmental Sequence Data -- Analysis of Two-Component System Genes in Environmental Sequence Data -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 3: Identification of Sensory and Signal-Transducing Domains in Two-Component Signaling Systems -- Introduction -- Computational Tools for Domain Identification -- Sequence Analysis of Histidine Kinases -- Sequence Analysis of Response Regulators -- Sequence Analysis of Prokaryotic Signal Transducers -- Functional Annotation of Multidomain Proteins -- References -- Chapter 4: Features of Protein-Protein Interactions in Two-Component Signaling Deduced from Genomic Libraries -- Introduction -- Identifying Coupled Columns -- Predicting Protein-Protein Interaction -- Summary -- Acknowledgments -- References. , Chapter 5: Sporulation Phosphorelay Proteins and Their Complexes: Crystallographic Characterization -- Introduction -- Methods -- Insights from Structural Analysis -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 6: Control Analysis of Bacterial Chemotaxis Signaling -- Introduction -- Basic Concepts in Dynamics and Mathematical Modeling -- Robustness and Steady-State Sensitivity Analysis -- Constructing and Interpreting a Bode Plot -- Primer on Integral Feedback Control -- Noise Filtering and the Kalman Filter -- Future Perspectives and Further Information -- References -- Chapter 7: Classification of Response Regulators Based on Their Surface Properties -- Introduction -- Classification of the Receiver Domain of RRs Using Protein Interaction Surfaces -- Modeling and Subclassification of Receiver Domains of OmpR Subfamily RRs in B. subtilis and E. coli -- Modeling and Subclassification of the Receiver Domain of RRs in V. vulnificus -- References -- Section II: Biochemical and Genetic Assays of Individual Components of Signaling Systems -- Chapter 8: Purification and Assays of Rhodobacter capsulatus RegB-RegA Two-Component Signal Transduction System -- Introduction -- Expression and Purification of RegB -- Expression and Purification of RegA -- RegB Kinase and Phosphotransfer Assays -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Chapter 9: Purification and Reconstitution of PYP-Phytochrome with Biliverdin and 4-Hydroxycinnamic Acid -- Introduction -- Vector Construct -- Prepation of 4-Hydroxycinnamic Acid Anhydride and Biliverdin -- Overexpression and Reconstitution of apo-Ppr with Chromophores -- Purification of Ppr Reconstituted with Chromophores -- Spectroscopic Measurements of holo-Ppr, Ppr-BV, and Ppr-pCA -- In Vitro Autophosphorylation of Ppr -- Acknowledgments -- References. , Chapter 10: Oxygen and Redox Sensing by Two-Component Systems That Regulate Behavioral Responses: Behavioral Assays and Structural Studies of Aer Using In Vivo Disulfide Cross-Linking -- Introduction -- Assays of Oxygen and Redox Sensing: General Considerations -- Temporal Assay for Aerotaxis -- Spatial-Gradient Capillary Assay for Aerotaxis -- Using a Capillary to Determine the Preferred Partial Pressure of Oxygen for Bacteria -- Spatial-Gradient Soft Agar Plate Assays for Aerotaxis -- Spatial Assays for Redox Taxis -- Temporal Assay for Redox Taxis -- Disulfide Cross-Linking In Vivo to Elucidate the Structure of Aer -- Site-Directed Mutagenesis for Cysteine Replacement -- Disulfide Cross-Linking in the Cytosol Using Copper Phenanthroline -- Differentiating Intra- from Interdimeric Disulfide Bonds -- In Vivo Cross-Linking Using Bifunctional Sulfhydryl-Reactive Linkers -- Determining the Boundaries of Transmembrane Segments in Receptors -- Accessibility Studies in Membrane Vesicles -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 11: Two-Component Signaling in the Virulence of Staphylococcus aureus: A Silkworm Larvae-Pathogenic Agent -- Introduction -- Silkworm Larvae Infection Model -- Pathogenicity-Related Genes That Can Be Identified in the Silkworm Infection Assay -- Identification of Genes Involved in the Killing of Silkworm Larvae by Bacteria -- Identification of an SA0614 Response Regulator Mutant by Monitoring CPZ Sensitivity and Ability to Kill Silkworm Larvae -- Silkworm Larvae Infection Assay -- Measurement of the Number of Bacteria in Silkworm Hemolymph -- Defect in Cell Wall Integrity of the SA0614 Response Regulator Mutant -- Detergent and Lysozyme Sensitivity Test -- Melanization-Inducing Activity of Bacterial Peptidoglycan -- References -- Chapter 12: TonB System, In Vivo Assays and Characterization -- Introduction. , Selection For and Against the tonB Gene -- Precautions for Experiments Where TonB System Proteins Are Expressed from Plasmids -- Phenotypic Assays for the TonB System -- Mechanistically Informative Assays -- Potentially Mechanistically Informative Assays -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 13: Biochemical Characterization of Plant Ethylene Receptors Following Transgenic Expression in Yeast -- Introduction -- Transgenic Expression of Ethylene Receptors in Yeast -- Histidine Kinase Activity -- Isolation of Receptors for Use in Ethylene-Binding Assays -- Ethylene-Binding Activity -- Considerations When Working with Mercuric Perchlorate -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 14: Structure of SixA, a Histidine Protein Phosphatase of the ArcB Histidine-Containing Phosphotransfer Domain in Escherichia Coli -- Introduction -- Overall Structure -- Conservation of Catalytic Machinery and Active Site -- Sequence Analysis of SixA Homologs -- Eukaryotic Histidine Phosphatases -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 15: Triggering and Monitoring Light-Sensing Reactions in Protein Crystals -- Light-Regulated Histidine Kinases: A Brief Introduction -- Microbial Rhodopsins -- PAS/GAF/LOV Domains -- Photoreceptors and Kinetic Crystallography: A Near Perfect Match -- Kinetic Crystallography: Two Alternative Strategies -- Trapping Intermediates for X-Ray Crystallography -- Structural Interpretation of Kinetic Crystallography Results -- Optical Properties of Protein Crystals -- Mounting Crystals -- Design of a Single Crystal Microspectrophotometer -- Challenges of Recording UV-Visible Absorption Spectra in Crystals -- Leaking Light Introduces Spectral and Kinetic Artifacts -- Fluorescence Measurements -- Microspectrophotometry: Summary and Warning -- Light Activation of Photoreceptor Crystals -- Aligning the Activating Light Beam and the Crystal Position. , Summary and Outlook -- References -- Chapter 16: Synthesis of a Stable Analog of the Phosphorylated Form of CheY: Phosphono-CheY -- Introduction -- Protocols -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 17: Application of Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer to Examine EnvZ/OmpR Interactions -- Introduction -- Overexpression of EnvZ and Preparation of Spheroplasts -- Protein Purification and Fluorescent Labeling of OmpR -- Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer -- OmpR Has a Higher Affinity for EnvZ Than OmpR~P -- Concluding Remarks -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 18: Gene Promoter Scan Methodology for Identifying and Classifying Coregulated Promoters -- Introduction -- Challenge of Identifying Promoter Features Governing Gene Transcription -- GPS Methodology as an Integrated Algorithm -- Exploring Targets of Regulation of a Response Regulator Using GPS -- Technical Specifications of GPS -- Uncovering Promoter Profiles Regulated by Response Regulator PhoP Using GPS -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 19: Targeting Two-Component Signal Transduction: A Novel Drug Discovery System -- Introduction -- Differential Growth Assay -- High-Throughput Genetic System -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 20: The Essential YycFG Two-Component System of Bacillus subtilis -- Introduction -- Construction of Conditional Mutants -- Transposon Mutagenesis to Identify Regulatory Elements -- Constructing In-Frame Deletions in the yyc Operon -- Studying Interactions between the YycG Kinase and Its Regulatory Proteins -- Subcellular Localization Studies -- Concluding Remarks -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Section III: Physiological Assays and Readouts. , Chapter 21: Isolation and Characterization of Chemotaxis Mutants of the Lyme Disease Spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi Using Allelic Exchange Mutagenesis, Flow Cytometry, and Cell Tracking.

Note: Front Cover -- Confocal Microscopy -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Contributors to Volume307 -- Preface -- Volumes in Series -- Section I: Theory and Practical Considerations -- Chapter 1. Theoretical Basis of Confocal Microscopy -- Chapter 2. Practical Considerations in Acquiring Biological Signals from Confocal Microscope -- Section II: General Techniques -- Chapter 3. Equipment for Mass Storage and Processing of Data -- Chapter 4. Antifading Agents for Confocal Fluorescence Microscopy -- Chapter 5. Mounting Techniques for Confocal Microscopy -- Chapter 6. Preparation of Whole Mounts and Thick Sections for Confocal Microscopy -- Chapter 7. Cytotomography -- Chapter 8. Use of Confocal Microscopy to Investigate Cell Structure and Function -- Chapter 9. Combining Laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy and Electron Microscopy -- Chapter 10. Construction of Line-Scan Confocal Microscope for Physiological Recording -- Section III: Measurement of Subcellular Relations and Volume Determinations -- Chapter 11. Three-Dimensional Visualization of Cytoskeleton by Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy -- Chapter 12. Chromosome Spread for Confocal Microscopy -- Chapter 13. Visualization of Nuclear Pore Complex and Its Distribution by Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy -- Chapter 14. Measurement of Tissue Thickness Using Confocal Microscopy -- Chapter 15. Measurements of Vascular Remodeling by Confocal Microscopy -- Chapter 16. Cell Volume Measurements by Fluorescence Confocal Microscopy: Theoretical and Practical Aspects -- Chapter 17. Volume Measurements in Confocal Microscopy -- Section IV: Imaging of Processes -- Chapter 18. Quantitation of Phagocytosis by Confocal Microscopy -- Chapter 19. Measurement of Secretion in Confocal Microscopy -- Chapter 20. Receptor-Ligand Internalization. , Chapter 21. Quantitative Imaging of Metabolism by Two-Photon Excitation Microscopy -- Chapter 22. Localization of Proteases and Peptide Receptors by Confocal Microscopy -- Chapter 23. Observation of Microcirculatory Kinetics by Real-Time Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy -- Section V: Imaging of Ions -- Chapter 24. Confocal Imaging Analysis of Intracellular Ions in Mixed Cellular Systems or in Situ Using Two Types of Confocal Microscopic Systems -- Chapter 25. Confocal Ca2+ Imaging of Organelles, Cells, Tissues, and Organs -- Chapter 26. Using Confocal Microscopy and Fluorescent Indicator, 6-Methoxy-N-ethylquinolinium Iodide, to Measure Changes in Intracellular Chloride -- Section VI: Imaging of Specialized Tissues -- Chapter27. Measurement of Mineral Gain and Loss on Dental Enamel and Dentin Using Confocal Microscopy -- Chapter 28. Characterization of Ocular Cellular and Extracellular Structures Using Confocal Microscopy and Computerized Three-Dimensional Reconstruction -- Chapter 29. Multiphoton Excitation Microscopy, Confocal Microscopy, and Spectroscopy of Living Cells and Tissues: Functional Metabolic Imaging of Human Skin in Vivo -- Chapter 30. Video-Rate, Scanning Slit Confocal Microscopy of Living Human Cornea in Vivo: Three-Dimensional Confocal Microscopy of the Eye -- Chapter 31. In Vivo Imaging of Mammalian CNS Neurons with ICON -- Section VII: Imaging Viruses and Fungi -- Chapter 32. Identification of Viral Infection by Confocal Microscopy -- Chapter 33. Using Confocal Microscopy to Study Virus Binding and Entry into Cells -- Chapter 34. Fluorescent Labels, Confocal Microscopy, and Quantitative Image Analysis in Study of Fungal Biology -- Author Index -- Subject Index.

Note: Front Cover -- Applications of Chimeric Genes and Hybrid Proteins -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Contributors to Volume 327 -- Preface -- Volumes in Series -- Section I: Epitope Tags for Immunodetection -- Chapter 1. Epitope Tagging: General Method for Tracking Recombinant Proteins -- Section II: Markers for Cytology, Analysis of Protein Trafficking, and Lineage Tracing -- Chapter 2. Alkaline Phosphatase Fusions of Ligands or Receptors as in Situ Probes for Staining of Cells, Tissues, and Embryos -- Chapter 3. Chimeric Molecules Employing Horseradish Peroxidase as Reporter Enzyme for Protein Localization in the Electron Microscope -- Chapter 4. Biochemical Analyses of Trafficking with Horseradish Peroxidase-Tagged Chimeras -- Chapter 5. Visualizing Protein Dynamics in Yeast with Green Fluorescent Protein -- Chapter 6. Kinetic Analysis of Intracellular Trafficking in Single Living Cells with Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Protein G-Green Fluorescent Protein Hybrids -- Chapter 7. Dual Color Detection of Cyan and Yellow Derivatives of Green Fluorescent Protein Using Conventional Fluorescence Microscopy and 35-mm Photography -- Chapter 8. Invertase Fusion Proteins for Analysis of Protein Trafficking in Yeast -- Chapter 9. Introduction of Kex2 Cleavage Sites in Fusion Proteins for Monitoring Localization and Transport in Yeast Secretory Pathway -- Chapter 10. Lineage Analysis with Retroviral Vectors -- Chapter 11. Use of Pseudotyped Retroviruses in Zebrafish as Genetic Tags -- Section III: Tools for Analysis of Membrane Proteins -- Chapter 12. A Gene Fusion Method for Assaying Interactions of Protein Transmembrane Segments in Vivo -- Chapter 13. Using SUC2-HIS4C Reporter Domain to Study Topology of Membrane Proteins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae -- Chapter 14. Detecting Interactions between Membrane Proteins in Vivo Using Chimeras. , Chapter 15. Alkaline Phosphatase Fusion Proteins for Molecular Characterization and Cloning of Receptors and Their Ligands -- Chapter 16. Surface Chimeric Receptors as Tools in Study of Lymphocyte Activation -- Chapter 17. Use of Chimeric Receptor Molecules to Dissect Signal Transduction Mechanisms -- Chapter 18. Fusion Protein Toxins Based on Diphtheria Toxin: Selective Targeting of Growth Factor Receptors of Eukaryotic Cells -- Chapter 19. Green Fluorescent Protein-Based Sensors for Detecting Signal Transduction and Monitoring Ion Channel Function -- Chapter 20. Metabolic Labeling of Glycoproteins with Chemical Tags through Unnatural Sialic Acid Biosynthesis -- Section IV: Signals for Addressing Proteins to Specific Subcellular Compartments -- Chapter 21. Using Sorting Signals to Retain Proteins in Endoplasmic Reticulum -- Chapter 22. Directing Proteins to Nucleus by Fusion to Nuclear Localization Signal Tags -- Chapter 23. Identification, Analysis, and Use of Nuclear Export Signals in Saccharomyces cerevisiae -- Chapter 24. Directing Proteins to Mitochondria by Fusion to Mitochondrial Targeting Signals -- Chapter 25. Targeting Proteins to Plasma Membrane and Membrane Microdomains by N-Terminal Myristoylation and Palmitoylation -- Chapter 26. Analysis of Function and Regulation of Proteins That Mediate Signal Transduction by Use of Lipid-Modified Plasma Membrane-Targeting Sequences -- Chapter 27. Glycerolphosphoinositide Anchors for Membrane-Tethering Proteins -- Chapter 28. Fusions to Members of Fibroblast Growth Factor Gene Family to Study Nuclear Translocation and Nonclassic Exocytosis -- Section V: Application of Chimeras in Monitoring and Manipulating Cell Physiology -- Chapter 29. Posttranslational Regulation of Proteins by Fusions to Steroid-Binding Domains. , Chapter 30. Tet Repressor-Based System for Regulated Gene Expression in Eukaryotic Cells: Principles and Advances -- Chapter 31. Coumermycin-Induced Dimerization of GyrB-Containing Fusion Proteins -- Chapter 32. Use of Glutathione S-Transferase and Break Point Cluster Region Protein as Artificial Dimerization Domains to Activate Tyrosine Kinases -- Chapter 33. Recombinant Aequorin as Tool for Monitoring Calcium Concentration in Subcellular Compartments -- Chapter 34. Recombinant Aequorin as Reporter of Changes in Intracellular Calcium in Mammalian Cells -- Chapter 35. Monitoring Protein Conformations and Interactions by Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer between Mutants of Green Fluorescent Protein -- Chapter 36. Studies of Signal Transduction Events Using Chimeras to Green Fluorescent Protein -- Chapter 37. Use of Fusions to Green Fluorescent Protein in the Detection of Apoptosis -- Chapter 38. Synapto-pHluorins: Chimeras between pH-Sensitive Mutants of Green Fluorescent Protein and Synaptic Vesicle Membrane Proteins as Reporters of Neurotransmitter Release -- Chapter 39. Studying Organelle Physiology with Fusion Protein-Targeted Avidin and Fluorescent Biotin Conjugates -- Chapter 40. Fluorescent Labeling of Recombinant Proteins in Living Cells with FlAsH -- Chapter 41. Ubiquitin Fusion Technique and Its Descendants -- Chapter 42. Use of Phosphorylation Site Tags in Proteins -- Author Index -- Subject Index.

Note: Front Cover -- Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Contributors to Volume 305 -- Preface -- Volumes in Series -- Section I: Chemiluminescence and Bioluminescence: Overviews -- Chapter 1. Chemical Generation of Excited States: The Basis of Chemiluminescence and Bioluminescence -- Chapter 2. Some Brief Notes on Nomenclature and Units and Standards Used in Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence -- Section II: Instrumentation -- Chapter 3. Physics of Low Light Detectors -- Chapter 4. Luminometer Design and Low Light Detection -- Chapter 5. Absolute Calibration of Luminometers with Low-Level Light Standards -- Chapter 6. Commercially Available Luminometers and Low-Level Light Imaging Devices -- Chapter 7. Automated Recordings of Bioluminescence with Special Reference to the Analysis of Circadian Rhythms -- Chapter 8. Chemiluminescence Imaging Systems for the Analysis of Macrosamples: Microtiter Format, Blot Membrane, and Whole Organs -- Section III: Luciferases, Luminescence Accessory Proteins, and Substrates -- Chapter 9. Overexpression of Bacterial Luciferase and Purification from Recombinant Sources -- Chapter 10. Purification of Luciferase Subunits from Recombinant Sources -- Chapter 11. A Rapid Chromatographic Method to Separate the Subunits of Bacterial Luciferase in Urea Containing Buffer -- Chapter 12. Purification and Ligand Exchange Protocols for Antenna Proteins from Bioluminescent Bacteria -- Chapter 13. Purification of Firefly Luciferase from Recombinant Sources -- Chapter 14. Chemical Synthesis of Firefly Luciferin Analogs and Inhibitors -- Chapter 15. Structural Basis for Understanding Spectral Variations in Green Fluorescent Protein -- Chapter 16. Large-Scale Purification of Recombinant GFP from Escherichia coli. , Chapter 17. Recombinant Obelin: Cloning and Expression of cDNA, Purification, and Characterization as a Calcium Indicator -- Chapter 18. Gonyaulax Luciferase: Gene Structure, Protein Expression, and Purification from Recombinant Sources -- Chapter 19. Dinoflagellate Luciferin-Binding Protein -- Section IV: Bacterial Autoinduction System and Its Applications -- Chapter 20. Assay of Autoinducer Activity with Luminescent Escherichia coli Sensor Strains Harboring a Modified Vibrio fischeri lux Regulon -- Chapter 21. Detection, Purification, and Structural Elucidation of the Acylhomoserine Lactone Inducer of Vibrio fischeri Luminescence and Other Related Molecules -- Chapter 22. Chemical Synthesis of Bacterial Autoinducers and Analogs -- Chapter 23. Overexpression of Foreign Proteins Using the Vibrio fischeri lux Control System -- Section V: Luminescence-Based Assays in Vitro -- Chapter 24. Application of Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence in the Biomedical Sciences -- Chapter 25. Use of Firefly Luciferase in ATP-Related Assays of Biomass, Enzymes, and Metabolites -- Chapter 26. Chemiluminescent Methods for Detecting and Quantitating Enzyme Activity -- Chapter 27. Chemiluminescence Assay of Serum Alkaline Phosphatase and Phosphoprotein Phosphatases -- Chapter 28. Chemiluminescence Screening Assays for Erythrocytes and Leukocytes in Urine -- Chapter 29. Immunoassay Protocol for Quantitation of Protein Kinase Activities -- Chapter 30. Chemiluminescent Immunodetection Protocols with 1,2-Dioxetane Substrates -- Chapter 31. Chemiluminescent Reporter Gene Assays with 1,2-Dioxetane Substrates -- Chapter 32. Clinical Application of Southern Blot Hybridization with Chemiluminescence Detection -- Chapter 33. Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction and Solid-Phase Capture Nucleic Acid Detection -- Section VI: Luminescence Monitoring in Vivo. , Chapter 34. Targeted Bioluminescent Indicators in Living Cells -- Chapter 35. Green Fluorescent Protein as a Reporter of Transcriptional Activity in a Prokaryotic System -- Chapter 36. Bacterial lux Genes as Reporters in Cyanobacteria -- Chapter 37. Application of Bioluminescence to the Study of Circadian Rhythms in Cyanobacteria -- Chapter 38. Construction of lux Bacteriophages and the Determination of Specific Bacteria and Their Antibiotic Sensitivities -- Chapter 39. Luciferase Gene as Reporter: Comparison with the CAT Gene and Use in Transfection and Microinjection of Mammalian Cells -- Chapter 40. In Situ Hybridization and Immunohistochemistry with Enzyme-Triggered Chemiluminescent Probes -- Chapter 41. Blood Phagocyte Luminescence: Gauging Systemic Immune Activation -- Section VII: Bioluminescence as an Education Tool -- Chapter 42. Demonstrations of Chemiluminescence -- Chapter 43. Bioluminescence as a Classroom Tool for Scientist Volunteers -- Chapter 44. Green Fluorescent Protein in Biotechnology Education -- Author Index -- Subject Index.

Note: Front Cover -- Sphingolipid Metabolism and Cell Signaling -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Contributors to Volume 311 -- Preface -- Volumes in Series -- Section I: Sphingolipid Metabolism -- A. Biosynthesis -- Chapter 1. Serine Palmitoyltransferase -- Chapter 2. Assay of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Dihydrosphingosine C-4 Hydroxylase -- Chapter 3. Ceramide Synthase -- Chapter 4. Dihydroceramide Desaturase -- Chapter 5. Assays for the Biosynthesis of Sphingomyelin and Ceramide- Phosphoethanolamine -- Chapter 6. Glucosylceramide Synthase: Assay and Properties -- Chapter 7. Methods for Studying Glucosylceramide Synthase -- Chapter 8. Analysis of Galactolipids and UDP-Galactose: Ceramide Galactosyltransferase -- Chapter 9. Assay of Lactosylceramide Synthase and Comments on Its Potential Role in Signal Transduction -- Chapter 10. In Vitro Assays for Enzymes of Ganglioside Synthesis -- Chapter 11. Analyses of Sulfatide and Enzymes of Sulfatide Metabolism -- Chapter 12. 1-O-Acylceramide Synthase -- Chapter 13. N-Acetylation of Sphingosine by Platelet-Activating Factor: Sphingosine Transacetylase -- Chapter 14. Inositolphosphoryl Ceramide Synthase from Yeast -- Chapter 15. Enzymes of Sphingolipid Metabolism in Plants -- B. Turnover -- Chapter 16. Purification and Characterization of Recombinant Human Acid Sphingomyelinase Expressed in Insect Sf 21 Cells -- Chapter 17. Purification of Rat Brain Membrane Neutral Sphingomyelinase -- Chapter 18. Sphingomyelinase Assay Using Radiolabeled Substrate -- Chapter 19. Robotic Assay of Sphingomyelinase for High Throughput Screening -- Chapter 20. A High Throughput Sphingomyelinase Assay -- Chapter 21. Analyses of Sphingomyelin Hydrolysis in Caveolar Membranes -- Chapter 22. Ceramidases -- Chapter 23. Purification of Acid Ceramidase from Human Placenta -- Chapter 24. Ceramide Kinase. , Chapter 25. Assaying Sphingosine Kinase Activity -- Chapter 26. Yeast Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Phosphatases: Assay, Expression, Deletion, Purification, and Cellular Localization by GFP Tagging -- Chapter 27. Analysis of Ceramide 1-Phosphate and Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Phosphatase Activities -- Chapter 28. Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Lyase -- Chapter 29. Sphingolipid Hydrolases and Activator Proteins -- Chapter 30. Sphingolipid Hydrolyzing Enzymes in the Gastrointestinal Tract -- Chapter 31. Properties of Animal Ceramide Glycanases -- C. Genetic Approaches -- Chapter 32. Enzymatic N-Deacylation of Sphingolipids -- Chapter 33. Genetic Approaches for Studies of Glycolipid Synthetic Enzymes -- Chapter 34. Use of Yeast as a Model System for Studies of Sphingolipid Metabolism and Signaling -- Section II: Inhibitors of Sphingolipid Biosynthesis -- Chapter 35. Isolation and Characterization of Novel Inhibitors of Sphingolipid Biosynthesis: Australifungin, Viridiofungins, Rustmicin, and Khafrefungin -- Chapter 36. Fermentation, Partial Purification, and Use of Serine Palmitoyltransferase Inhibitors from Isaria (=Cordyceps) sinclairii -- Chapter 37. Isolation and Characterization of Fumonisins -- Chapter 38. Inhibitors of Glucosylceramide Synthase -- Section III: Chemical and Enzymatic Synthesis -- Chapter 39. Synthesis of Sphingosine and Sphingoid Bases -- Chapter 40. Synthesis of Sphingosine, Radiolabeled Sphingosine, 4-Methyl-cis-Sphingosine, and 1-Amino Derivatives of Sphingosine via Their Azido Derivatives -- Chapter 41. Total Synthesis of Sphingosine and Its Analogs -- Chapter 42. Radiolabeling of the Sphingolipid Backbone -- Chapter 43. Preparation of Radiolabeled Ceramides and Phosphosphingolipids -- Chapter 44. Synthesis of Key Precursors of Radiolabeled Sphingolipids. , Chapter 45. Practical Synthesis of N-Palmitoylsphingomyelin and N-Palmitoyldihydrosphingomyelin -- Chapter 46. Synthesis and Biological Activity of Glycolipids, with a Focus on Gangliosides and Sulfatide Analogs -- Chapter 47. Sphingolipid Photoaffinity Labels -- Chapter 48. Synthesis and Characterization of Metabolically Stable Sphingolipids -- Chapter 49. Synthetic Soluble Analogs of Glycolipids for Studies of Virus-Glycolipid Interactions -- Chapter 50. Preparation of Radioactive Gangliosides 3H or 14C Isotopically Labeled at the Oligosaccharide or Ceramide Moieties -- Chapter 51. Estimating Sphingolipid Metabolism and Trafficking in Cultured Cells Using Radiolabeled Compounds -- Chapter 52. Enzymatic Synthesis of [14C]Ceramide, [14C]Glycosphingolipids, and w-Aminoceramide -- Author Index -- Subject Index.

Note: Front Cover -- Amyloid, Prions, and Other Protein Aggregates -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Contributors to Volume 309 -- Preface -- Volumes in Series -- Section I: Characterization of in Vivo Protein Deposition -- A. Identification and Isolation of Aggregates -- Chapter 1. Staining Methods for Identification of Amyloid in Tissue -- Chapter 2. Isolation and Characterization of Amyloid Fibrils from Tissue -- Chapter 3. Isolating Inclusion Bodies from Bacteria -- Chapter 4. Isolation of Amyloid Deposits from Brain -- B. Isolation and Characterization of Protein Deposit Components -- Chapter 5. Microextraction and Purification Techniques Applicable to Chemical Characterization of Amyloid Proteins in Minute Amounts of Tissue -- Chapter 6. Purification of Paired Helical Filament Tau and Normal Tau from Human Brain Tissue -- Chapter 7. Chemical Modifications of Deposited Amyloid-B Peptides -- C. Characterization of Aggregates in Situ and in Vitro -- Chapter 8. Monoclonal Antibodies Specific for the Native, Disease-Associated Isoform of Prion Protein -- Chapter 9. Assays of Protease-Resistant Prion Protein and Its Formation -- Chapter 10. In Situ Methods for Detection and Localization of Markers of Oxidative Stress: Application in Neurodegenerative Disorders -- Chapter 11. Advanced Glycation End Products: Detection and Reversal -- Chapter 12. Analysis of Transglutaminase-Catalyzed Isopeptide Bonds in Paired Helical Filaments and Neurofibrillary Tangles from Alzheimer's Disease -- Section II: Characterization of in Vitro Protein Deposition -- A. Managing the Aggregation Process -- Chapter 13. Methodological and Chemical Factors Affecting Amyloid-B Peptide Amyloidogenicity -- Chapter 14. In Vitro Immunoglobulin Light Chain Fibrillo- genesis -- Chapter 15. Inhibition of Aggregation Side Reactions during in Vitro Protein Folding. , Chapter 16. Inhibition of Stress-Induced Aggregation of Protein Therapeutics -- B. Aggregation Theory -- Chapter 17. Analysis of Protein Aggregation Kinetics -- C. Monitoring Aggregate Growth by Dye Binding -- Chapter 18. Quantification of B-Sheet Amyloid Fibril Structures with Thioflavin T -- Chapter 19. Quantifying Amyloid by Congo Red Spectral Assay -- Chapter 20. Kinetic Analysis of Amyloid Fibril Formation -- D. Measurement and Characterization of Assembly Intermediates -- Chapter 21. Small-Zone, High-Speed Gel Filtration Chromatog- raphy to Detect Protein Aggregation Associated with Light Chain Pathologies -- Chapter 22. Detection of Early Aggregation Intermediates by Native Gel Electrophoresis and Native Western Blotting -- E. Monitoring Aggregate Growth by Measuring Solid-Phase Accumulation -- Chapter 23. Deposition of Soluble Amyloid-B onto Amyloid Templates: Identification of Amyloid Fibril Extension Inhibitors -- Chapter 24. Membrane Filter Assay for Detection of Amyloid- like Polyglutamine-Containing Protein Aggre- gates -- Chapter 25. Analysis of Fibril Elongation Using Surface Plas- mon Resonance Biosensors -- Chapter 26. Methods for Studying Protein Adsorption -- F. Monitoring Aggregate Growth and Structure Using Light Scattering -- Chapter 27. Monitoring Protein Assembly Using Quasielastic Light Scattering Spectroscopy -- Chapter 28. Flow Cytometric Characterization of Amyloid Fibrils -- G. Aggregation Inhibitors -- Chapter 29. Screening for Pharmacologic Inhibitors of Amyloid Fibril Formation -- Chapter 30. Design and Testing of Inhibitors of Fibril Formation -- Section III: Aggregate and Precursor Protein Structure -- A. Aggregate Morphology -- Chapter 31. Electron Microscopy of Prefibrillar Structures and Amyloid Fibrils -- Chapter 32. In Situ Electron Microscopy of Amyloid Deposits in Tissues. , Chapter 33. Analysis of Amyloid- Assemblies Using Tapping Mode Atomic Force Microscopy under Ambient Conditions -- B. Molecular Level Aggregate Structure -- Chapter 34. X-Ray Fiber Diffraction of Amyloid Fibrils -- Chapter 35. Solid State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance of Protein Deposits -- Chapter 36. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy in Analysis of Protein Deposits -- Chapter 37. Stable Isotope-Labeled Peptides in Study of Protein Aggregation -- Chapter 38. Mapping Protein Conformations in Fibril Structures Using Monoclonal Antibodies -- C. Characterization of Precursor Protein Structure -- Chapter 39. Analysis of Protein Structure by Solution Optical Spectroscopy -- Chapter 40. Probing Conformations of Amyloidogenic Proteins by Hydrogen Exchange and Mass Spectroscopy -- Section IV: Cellular and Organismic Consequences of Protein Deposition -- A. Microbial Model Systems -- Chapter 41. Yeast Prion [Y+ ] and Its Determinant, Sup35p -- B. Animal Models of Protein Deposition Diseases -- Chapter 42. The Senescence-Accelerated Mouse -- Chapter 43. Detection of Polyglutamine Aggregation in Mouse Models -- Chapter 44. A Mouse Model for Serum Amyloid A Amyloidosis -- C. Cell Studies on Protein Aggregate Cytotoxicity -- Chapter 45. Toxicity of Protein Aggregates in PC12 Cells: 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5- diphenyltetrazolium Bromide Assay -- Chapter 46. Inflammatory Responses to Amyloid Fibrils -- Chapter 47. Impairment of Membrane Transport and Signal Transduction Systems by Amyloidogenic Proteins -- Chapter 48. Amyloid B-Peptide-Associated Free Radical Oxidative Stress, Neurotoxicity, and Alzheimer's Disease -- Author Index -- Subject Index.

Note: Front Cover -- Energetics of Biological Macromolecules -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Contributors to Volume -- Preface -- Volumes in Series -- Chapter 1. Quantitative Dissection of Transcriptional Control System: N-Dependent Antitermination Complex of Phage λ as Regulatory Paradigm -- Chapter 2. Problems and Prospects in Microcalorimetry of Biological Macromolecules -- Chapter 3. Probing Stability of Helical Transmembrane Proteins -- Chapter 4. Energetics of Vinca Alkaloid Interactions with Tubulin -- Chapter 5. Kinetics and Thermodynamics of Conformational Equilibria in Native Proteins by Hydrogen Exchange -- Chapter 6. Mathematical Modeling of Cooperative Interactions in Hemoglobin -- Chapter 7. Deriving Complex Ligand-Binding Formulas -- Chapter 8. Calculation of Entropy Changes in Biological Processes. Folding, Binding, and Oligomerization -- Chapter 9. Evaluating Energetics of Erythropoietin Ligand Binding to Homodimerized Receptor Extracellular Domains -- Chapter 10. Measurement of Protein Interaction Bioenergetics. Application to Structural Variants of Anti-sCD4 Antibody -- Chapter 11. Analysis of Interaction of Regulatory Protein TyrR with DNA -- Chapter 12. Proteolytic Footprinting Titrations for Estimating Ligand-Binding Constants and Detecting Pathways of Conformational Switching of Calmodulin -- Chapter 13. Analysis of Reversibly Interacting Macromolecular Systems by Time Derivative Sedimentation Velocity -- Chapter 14. Kinetic, Equilibrium, and Thermodynamic Analysis of Macromolecular Interactions with BIACORE -- Chapter 15. Structure-Function Relationships in Two-Component Phospholipid Bilayers: Monte Carlo Simulation Approach Using a Two-State Model -- Chapter 16. Parsing Free Energies of Drug-DNA Interactions -- Chapter 17. Direct Measurement of Sodium Ion Release from DNA on Binding of Cationic Ligands. , Chapter 18. Enthalpy-Entropy Compensations in Nucleic Acids. Contribution of Electrostriction and Structural Hydration -- Chapter 19. Time-Resolved Fluorescence Methods for Analysis of DNA-Protein Interactions -- Chapter 20. Use of Fluorescence Spectroscopy as Thermodynamics Tool -- Chapter 21. Microsecond Dynamics of Biological Macromolecules -- Author Index -- Subject Index -- Chapter 22. Errata.

Note: Front Cover -- Sphingolipid Metabolism and Cell Signaling -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Contributors to Volume 312 -- Preface -- Volumes in Series -- Section I: Methods for Analyzing Sphingolipids -- Chapter 1. Analysis of Sphingoid Bases and Sphingoid Base 1-Phosphates by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography -- Chapter 2. Enzymatic Method for Measurement of Sphingosine 1-Phosphate -- Chapter 3. Ceramide Mass Analysis by Normal-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography -- Chapter 4. Quantitative Determination of Ceramide Using Diglyceride Kinase -- Chapter 5. Analysis of Sphingomyelin, Glucosylceramide, Ceramide, Sphingosine, and Sphingosine 1-Phosphate by Tandem Mass Spectrometry -- Chapter 6. Analyses of Glycosphingolipids by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography -- Chapter 7. Sphingolipid Extraction and Analysis by Thin-Layer Chromatography -- Chapter 8. Extraction and Analysis of Multiple Sphingolipids from a Single Sample -- Chapter 9. Purification of Sphingolipid Classes by Solid-Phase Extraction with Aminopropyl and Weak Cation Exchanger Cartridges -- Chapter 10. Ganglioside Analysis by High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography -- Chapter 11. Purification and Analysis of Gangliosides -- Chapter 12. Thin-Layer Chromatography Blotting Using Polyvinylidene Difluoride Membrane (Far-Eastern Blotting) and Its Applications -- Chapter 13. Thin-Layer Chromatography Immunostaining -- Chapter 14. Monoclonal Anti-Glycosphingolipid Antibodies -- Chapter 15. Immunolocalization of Gangliosides by Light Microscopy Using Anti-Ganglioside Antibodies -- Chapter 16. Cloud-Point Extraction of Gangliosides Using Nonionic Detergent C14EO6 -- Chapter 17. Analyses of Glycosphingolipids Using Clam, Mercenaria mercenaria, Ceramide Glycanase. , Chapter 18. Quantitative Analyses of Binding Affinity and Specificity for Glycolipid Receptors by Surface Plasmon Resonance -- Chapter 19. Use of Circular Dichroism for Assigning Stereochemistry of Sphingosine and Other Long-Chain Bases -- Chapter 20. Infrared Determination of Conformational Order and Phase Behavior in Ceramides and Stratum Corneum Models -- Chapter 21. Use of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Evaluation of Ganglioside Structure, Conformation, and Dynamics -- Chapter 22. Fluorescence Quenching Assay of Sphingolipid/ Phospholipid Phase Separation in Model Membranes -- Section II: Methods for Analyzing Aspects of Sphingolipid Metabolism in Intact Cells -- Chapter 23. Synthesis of Fluorescent Substrates and Their Application to Study of Sphingolipid Metabolism in Vitro and in Intact Cells -- Chapter 24. Selection of Mammalian Cell Mutants in Sphingolipid Biosynthesis -- Chapter 25. Selection of Yeast Mutants in Sphingolipid Metabolism -- Chapter 26. Fluorescence-Based Selection of Gene-Corrected Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells Based on Acid Sphingomyelinase Expression -- Chapter 27. Mammalian Ganglioside Sialidases: Preparation and Activity Assays -- Section III: Sphingolipid-Protein Interactions and Cellular Targets -- Chapter 28. Effects of Sphingosine and Other Sphingolipids on Protein Kinase C -- Chapter 29. Kinetic Analysis of Sphingoid Base Inhibition of Yeast Phosphatidate Phosphatase -- Chapter 30. Assays of Sphingosine-Dependent Kinase for 14-3-3 Protein -- Chapter 31. Synthesis and Use of Caged Sphingolipids -- Chapter 32. Binding of Sphingosine 1-Phosphate to Cell Surface Receptors -- Chapter 33. Use of Short-Chain Ceramides -- Chapter 34. Analysis of Ceramide-Activated Protein Phosphatases. , Chapter 35. Use of Affinity Chromatography and TID-Ceramide Photoaffinity Labeling for Detection of Ceramide-Binding Proteins -- Chapter 36. Lectin-Mediated Cell Adhesion to Immobilized Glycosphingolipids -- Chapter 37. Analysis of Glycolipid-Dependent Cell Adhesion Based on Carbohydrate-Carbohydrate Interaction -- Chapter 38. Analysis of Interactions between Glycosphingolipids and Microbial Toxins -- Chapter 39. Oxidation of Aglycone of Glycosphingolipids: Serine and Ceramide Acid Precursors for Soluble Glycoconjugates -- Chapter 40. Separation of Glycosphingolipid-Enriched Microdomains from Caveolae Characterized by Presence of Caveolin -- Chapter 41. Reconstitution of Sphingolipid-Cholesterol Plasma Membrane Microdomains for Studies of Virus-Glycolipid Interactions -- Chapter 42. Analysis of Ceramides Present in Glycosylphosphatidylinositol Anchored Proteins of Saccharomyces cerevisiae -- Chapter 43. Preparation of Functionalized Lipid Tubules for Electron Crystallography of Macromolecules -- Section IV: Sphingolipid Transport and Trafficking -- Chapter 44. Applications of BODIPY-Sphingolipid Analogs to Study Lipid Traffic and Metabolism in Cells -- Chapter 45. Using Biotinylated Gangliosides to Study Their Distribution and Traffic in Cells by Immunoelectron Microscopy -- Chapter 46. Assays for Transmembrane Movement of Sphingolipids -- Section V: Other Methods -- Chapter 47. Compilation of Methods Published in Previous Volumes of Methods in Enzymology -- Author Index -- Subject Index.