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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Genomics and Human Genetics 6 (2005), S. 143-164 
    ISSN: 1527-8204
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: As whole-genome sequencing efforts extend beyond more traditional model organisms to include a deep diversity of species, comparative genomic analyses will be further empowered to reveal insights into the human genome and its evolution. The discovery and annotation of functional genomic elements is a necessary step toward a detailed understanding of our biology, and sequence comparisons have proven to be an integral tool for that task. This review is structured to broadly reflect the statistical challenges in discriminating these functional elements from the bulk of the genome that has evolved neutrally. Specifically, we review the comparative genomics literature in terms of specificity, sensitivity, and phylogenetic scope, as well as the trade-offs that relate these factors in standard analyses. We consider the impact of an expanding diversity of orthologous sequences on our ability to resolve functional elements. This impact is assessed through both recent comparative analyses of deep alignments and mathematical modeling.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1546-1718
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Early outgrowth of the vertebrate embryonic limb requires signalling by the apical ectodermal ridge (AER) to the progress zone (PZ), which in response proliferates and lays down the pattern of the presumptive limb in a proximal to distal progression. Signals from the PZ maintain the AER until ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The mouse syndactylism ( sm ) mutation impairs some of the earliest aspects of limb development and leads to subsequent abnormalities in digit formation. In sm homozygotes, the apical ectodermal ridge (AER) is hyperplastic by embryonic day 10.5, leading to abnormal dorsoventral thickening of ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 35 (1992), S. 253-260 
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Protein-coding sequences ; DNA sequences ; Evolution ; Evolutionary rates ; Rate heterogeneity ; Maximum likelihood ; Statistical testing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A codon-based approach to estimating the number of variable sites in a protein is presented. When first and second positions of codons are assumed to be replacement positions, a capture-recapture model can be used to estimate the number of variable codons from every pair of homologous and aligned sequences. The capture-recapture estimate is compared to a maximum likelihood estimate of the number of variable codons and to previous approaches that estimate the number of variable sites (not codons) in a sequence. Computer simulations are presented that show under which circumstances the capture-recapture estimate can be used to correct biases in distance matrices. Analysis of published sequences of two genes, calmodulin and serum albumin, shows that distance corrections that employ a capture-recapture estimate of the number of variable sites may be considerably different from corrections that assume that the number of variable sites is equal to the total number of positions in the sequence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 31 (1990), S. 51-68 
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Evolutionary trees ; Base composition ; Transversional equilibrium ; Endosymbiont hypothesis ; Statistical testing ; RNA polymerase ; Archaebacteria ; Eubacteria ; Eukaryotes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary We present compositional statistics, a new method of phylogenetic inference, which is an extension of evolutionary parsimony. Compositional statistics takes account of the base composition of the compared sequences by using nucleotide positions that evolutionary parsimony ignores. It shares with evolutionary parsimony the features of rate invariance and the fundamental distinction between transitions and transversions. Of the presently available methods of phylogenetic inference, compositional statistics is based on the fewest and mildest assumptions about the mode of DNA sequence evolution. It is therefore applicable to phylogenetic studies of the most distantly related organisms or molecules. This was illustrated by analyzing conservative positions in the DNA sequences of the large subunit of RNA polymerase from three archaebacterial groups, a eubacterium, a chloroplast, and the three eukaryotic polymerases. Internally consistent results, which are in accord with our knowledge of organelle origin and archaebacterial physiology, were achieved.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 367 (1994), S. 26-26 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SIR - In the light of Stewards Review article1 on parsimony, I would like to comment on the use of this technique with molecular sequence data. Phylogenetic inference, no matter which method is applied, hinges on the tenet that the method used takes into account the mode of evolution of the ...
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