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  • 1
    Keywords: Anderson, E. M ; Surface fault ruptures ; Igneous rocks ; Faults (Geology) ; Konferenzschrift ; Erdkruste ; Bruch ; Deformation ; Spannung ; Störung ; Störungstektonik ; Deformationsverhalten ; Bruchtektonik ; Seismizität ; Intrusion ; Tektonische Analyse
    Description / Table of Contents: Geologists have long grappled with understanding the mechanical origins of rock deformation. Stress regimes control the nucleation, growth and reactivation of faults and fractures; induce seismic activity; affect the transport of magma; and modulate structural permeability, thereby influencing the redistribution of hydrothermal and hydrocarbon fluids. Experimentalists endeavour to recreate deformation structures observed in nature under controlled stress conditions. Earth scientists studying earthquakes will attempt to monitor or deduce stress changes in the Earth as it actively deforms. All are building upon the pioneering research and concepts of Ernest Masson Anderson, dating back to the start of the twentieth century. This volume celebrates Anderson's legacy, with 14 original research papers that examine faulting and seismic hazard; structural inheritance; the role of local and regional stress fields; low angle faults and the role of pore fluids; supplemented by reviews of Andersonian approaches and a reprint of his classic paper of 1905--
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (253 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9781862393479
    Series Statement: Geological Society special publication 367
    DDC: 551.87
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Note: Stress, faulting, fracturing and seismicity: the legacy of Ernest Masson Anderson -- Andersonian wrench faulting in a regional stress field during the 2010-2011 Canterbury, New Zealand, earthquake sequence -- Andersonian and Coulomb stresses in Central Costa Rica and its fault slip tendency potential: new insights into their associated seismic hazard -- Reverse fault rupturing: competition between non-optimal and optimal fault orientations -- The complexity of 3D stress-state changes during compressional tectonic inversion at the onset of orogeny -- Geomechanical modelling of fault reactivation in the Ceduna Sub-basin, Bight Basin, Australia -- Quantifying Neogene plate-boundary controlled uplift and deformation of the southern Australian margin -- Pressure conditions for shear and tensile failure around a circular magma chamber; insight from elasto-plastic modeling -- Stress fluctuation during thrust-related folding: Boltana anticline (Pyrenees, Spain) -- Stress deflections around salt diapirs in the Gulf of Mexico -- Evidence for non-Andersonian faulting above evaporites in the Nile Delta -- Modelling of sediment wedge movement along low-angle detachments using ABAQUS -- On the nucleation of non-Andersonian faults along phyllosilicate-rich mylonite belts -- Anisotropic poroelasticity and the response of faulted rock to changes in pore-fluid pressure -- The dilatancy-diffusion hypothesis and earthquake predictability -- Facsimile reproduction of The Dynamics of Faulting by E. M. Anderson.
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2016-11-19
    Description: During earthquakes, melt produced by frictional heating can accumulate on slip surfaces and dramatically weaken faults by melt lubrication. Once seismic slip slows and arrests, the melt cools and solidifies to form pseudotachylytes, the presence of which is commonly used by geologists to infer earthquake slip on exhumed ancient faults. Field evidence suggests that solidified melts may weld seismic faults, resulting in subsequent seismic ruptures propagating on neighboring pseudotachylyte-free faults or joints and thus leading to long-term fault slip delocalization for successive ruptures. We performed triaxial deformation experiments on natural pseudotachylyte-bearing rocks, and show that cooled frictional melt effectively welds fault surfaces together and gives faults cohesive strength comparable to that of an intact rock. Consistent with the field-based speculations, further shear is not favored on the same slip surface, but subsequent failure is accommodated on a new subparallel fault forming on an off-fault preexisting heterogeneity. A simple model of the temperature distribution in and around a pseudotachylyte following slip cessation indicates that frictional melts cool to below their solidus in tens of seconds, implying strength recovery over a similar time scale.
    Print ISSN: 0091-7613
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-2682
    Topics: Geosciences
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