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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Convulsions associated with epidural analgesia during sevoflurane anaesthesia (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd.
    Pediatric anesthesia 6 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9592
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A three-year-old girl who underwent an operation for adrenal neuroblastoma was anaesthetized with sevoflurane and epidural analgesia. In the immediate recovery period she had convulsions. The convulsions were successfully treated with thiopentone and sevoflurane, there were no neurological sequelae. The convulsions were considered to be a manifestation of mepivacaine toxicity because of a high plasma mepivacaine concentration. Complications of paediatric regional analgesia and manifestations of mepivacaine toxicity under sevoflurane anaesthesia are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1460-9592.1996.d01-15.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Epidural pressure and its relation to spread of epidural analgesia (1987)
    Springer
    Journal of anesthesia 1 (1987), S. 168-172 
    Details
    ISSN: 1438-8359
    Keywords: Epidural pressusre ; Epidural compliance ; Spread of epidural analgesia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The relationships between the epidural pressures following the injection of local anesthetic solution and the spread of epidural analgesia were investigated. In 46 patients, 15 ml of 2% mepivacaine was injected into the lumbar epidural space at a constant rate (1 ml/sec) using an electropowered syringe pump. Injection pressures and residual pressures were recorded and the spread of analgesia to pinprick was assessed. The changes of the epidural pressures during and following the injection of a volume of local anesthetic solution in old subjects were significantly smaller than those in young subjects (P 〈 0.05). The spread of analgesia closely correlated with the epidural pressures during and following the injection of local anesthetic solution. The most close correlation was found between the epidural pressure immediately after the completion of injection and the spread of analgesia (r = −0.5659, P 〈 0.001). In conclusion, the lower the terminal injection pressure and the residual pressures associated with higher age, the wider the spread of epidural analgesia. (Hirabayashi Y, Matsuda I, Inoue S et al.: Epidural pressure and its relation to spread of epidural analgesia. J Anesth 1: 168–172, 1987)
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s0054070010168
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Airway obstruction associated with induction of general anesthesia in a patient with mediastinal tumor (1987)
    Springer
    Journal of anesthesia 1 (1987), S. 209-211 
    Details
    ISSN: 1438-8359
    Keywords: Airway obstruction ; Mediastinal tumor ; Head tilt-jaw thrust maneuver
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s0054070010209
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analgesic dose-response relation in cervical epidural block (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of anesthesia 2 (1988), S. 22-27 
    Details
    ISSN: 1438-8359
    Keywords: Epidural analgesic dose-response relation ; Segmental dose requirement ; Cervical epidural analgesia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The relationship between the age and the spread of analgesia from different epidural anesthetic doses was examined by studying analgesic dose responses in cervical epidural analgesia. Two different anesthetic doses (5 ml or 10 ml) of 2% mepivacaine were injected into the cervical epidural space at a constant pressure (80 mmHg) using an intravenous apparatus, and the spread of analgesia to pinprick was assessed. The significant correlation was found between the patient’s age and the number of spinal segments blocked (5 ml : r = 0.8498, P 〈 0.01, 10 ml : r = 0.5988, P 〈 0.01). The inverse linear relationship was found between the patient’s age and the segmental dose requirement (5 ml : r = −0.6754, P 〈 0.01, 10 ml : r = −0.5784, P 〈 0.01). Patients under 39 years of age showed a direct relationship between the dose injected and the number of spinal segments blocked, enabling prediction of the number of segments blocked with a given dose of local anesthetic. Doubling the epidural dose approximately doubled the number of spinal segments blocked. The analgesic dose-response relation in patients over 60 years of age differed from that in patients under 39 years of age and doubling the epidural dose did not double the number of spinal segments blocked. Progressively more extensive analgesia was obtained from a given dose of local anesthetic with advancing age. It was difficult to limit the extent of analgesia by injecting a smaller dose of local anaesthetic in the elderly. (Hirabayashi Y, Matsuda I, Inoue S et al.: Analgesic dose-response relation in cervical epidural block. J Anesth 2: 22–27, 1988)
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s0054080020022
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The distance from the skin to the epidural space (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of anesthesia 2 (1988), S. 198-201 
    Details
    ISSN: 1438-8359
    Keywords: Distance to the epidural space ; Thoraco-Cervical ; Lower-thoracic ; Thoraco-lumbar ; and Mid-lumbar area
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract To determine whether there is any systemic relationship between the distance from the skin to the epidural space and physical constitution, the distance from the skin to the epidural space was measured in 1007 epidural punctures. The distance from the skin to the epidural space in male was greater than that in female (P ≪ 0.001). However, the analysis of the distance from the skin to the epidural space of the selected patients who had both a weight of 50–60 kg and a height of 1.5–1.7 m indicated no statistical difference between male and female. The best correlation was found between the distance from the skin to the epidural space and body weight. The correlation between the distance from the skin to the epidural space and height was less striking. Ninety-five percent of the patients who received epidural puncture at the thoraco-cervical area (C7-T2) had a distance to the epidural space of 4.0–6.9 cm; 87% at the lower-thoracic area (T8–T10), 4.0–6.9 cm; 93% at the thoraco-lumbar area (T12-L2), 3.0–4.9 cm; 85% at the mid-lumbar area (L2–L4), 3.0–4.9 cm. These results may be useful for young anesthesiologists to master epidural block safely and efficiently. (Hirabayashi Y, Matsuda I, Inoue S et al.: The distance from the skin to the epidural space. J Anesth 2: 198–201, 1988)
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s0054080020198
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of histamine-releasing property of propofol in whole blood in vitro (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of anesthesia 7 (1993), S. 189-192 
    Details
    ISSN: 1438-8359
    Keywords: Propofol ; Intravenous anesthetic ; Histamine ; Whole blood ; in vitro
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We examined the property of emulsion form of propofol (ICI 35 868) to release histamine in whole blood in vitro. Heparinized whole blood from 10 healthy volunteers were incubated with medium and propofol at the final concentration of 0, 1, 10 and 100 µg·ml−1. The concentration of histamine in supernatant fluid after incubation was measured by radioimmunoassay. Histamine release was expressed as the percentage of the concentration of histamine released into supernatant fluid relative to the total cellular histamine content, which was yielded by destroying cell components in the whole blood. Histamine release in the presence of propofol at the concentrations of 1, 10 and 100 µg·ml−1 were almost the same as histamine release in the absence of propofol. We conclude that emulsion form of propofol has no property to release histamine in whole blood in vitro. (Mitsuhata H, Shimizu R: Evaluation of histamine-releasing property of propofol in whole blood in vitro. J Anesth 7: 189–192, 1993)
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s0054030070189
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plasma histamine levels during induction of anesthesia with propofol in dogs (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of anesthesia 7 (1993), S. 206-209 
    Details
    ISSN: 1438-8359
    Keywords: Propofol ; Dog ; Histamine ; Intravenous anaesthetic
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We examined a property of emulsion formation of propofol (ICI 35868) to release histamine into circulating plasma in dogs. Plasma histamine was measured with radioimmunoassay before (baseline), and 1, 5 and 10 min after the administration of 15 mg·kg−1 propofol. There were no significant differences between the plasma histamine levels at 1, 5 and 10 min after the administration of propofol and the baseline level. We conclude that the emulsion formation of propofol of 15 mg·kg−1 does not release histamine during induction of anesthesia in dogs. (Mitsuhata H, Shimizu R: Plasma histamine levels during induction of anesthesia with propofol in dogs. J Anesth 7: 206–209, 1993)
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s0054030070206
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of glucose concentration on the subarachnoid spread of tetracaine in the parturient (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of anesthesia 9 (1995), S. 211-213 
    Details
    ISSN: 1438-8359
    Keywords: Spinal anesthesia ; Hyperbaric tetracaine ; Obstetric
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We have studied the effect of glucose concentration on the spread of tetracaine spinal anesthesia in 40 parturient patients. Forty women undergoing cesarean section received a subarachnoid injection of tetracaine 8 mg dissolved in either 5% or 10% glucose solution. The maximum cephalad spread of analgesia [median (range)] was higher with 10% glucose [T3 (T4-C8)] than with 5% glucose [T4 (T5.5-T2)]. The time from the spinal injection to the maximum spread of analgesia (mean ± SD) was significantly shorter with 10% glucose (15 ± min) than with 5% glucose (28 ± 16 min). The cumulative dose of ephedrine was higher with 10% glucose (19 ± 10 mg) than with the 5% glucose (13± 8 mg). In tetracaine spinal anesthesia, the rate of onset of analgesia was faster and the maximum level of analgesia was higher in the 10% glucose solution than in the 5% glucose solution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02479865
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spread of epidural analgesia following a constant pressure injection (1987)
    Springer
    Journal of anesthesia 1 (1987), S. 44-50 
    Details
    ISSN: 1438-8359
    Keywords: Epidural pressure ; Spread of epidural analgesia ; Drip infusion technique
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract (1) The spread of epidural analgesia following injection of 15 ml of 2% mepivacaine was 17.3 ± 0.6, 14.3 ± 0.4, and 13.3 ± 0.7 spinal segments in cervical, thoracic, and lumbar epidural analgesia, respectively. The patient’s age showed significant correlation with the spread of epidural analgesia in cervical (r = 0.5776, p 〈 0.001), thoracic (r = 0.3758, p 〈 0.01), and lumbar area (r = 0.8195, p 〈 0.001). The spread of cervical epidural analgesia was more caudad than cephalad (p 〈 0.05), but in lumbar epidural analgesia it was more cephalad than caudad (p 〈 0.05). There was no difference between the cephalad and caudad spread in thoracic epidural analgesia. (2) The epidural pressure immediately after injection of 15 ml of 2% mepivacaine into the lumbar epidural space at a constant pressure (80 mmHg) correlated to the patient’s age (r = −0.5714, p 〈 0.001) and the spread of analgesia (r = −0.3904, p 〈 0.05). The lower epidural pressure associated with higher age, the wider spread of analgesia. There was no significant correlation between the residual pressure at 60 seconds and the age or the spread of analgesia. (Hirabayashi Y et al.: Spread of epidural analgesia following a constant pressure injection: an investigation of relationships between locus of injection, epidural pressure and spread of analgesia. J Anesth 1: 44–50, 1987)
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s0054070010044
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Malignant hyperthermia associated with atypical central core disease (1987)
    Springer
    Journal of anesthesia 1 (1987), S. 105-108 
    Details
    ISSN: 1438-8359
    Keywords: Malignant hyperthermia ; Ca-induced Ca release ; Central core disease
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s0054070010105
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