Note: Front cover -- Radioactivity in the Terrestrial Environment -- Copyright page -- Contents -- Chapter 1. Introduction -- 1. Radionuclides in the environment -- 2. Sources and attributes of radionuclides -- 3. The aims and methods of radioecology -- 4. Key topics in terrestrial radioecology -- References -- Chapter 2. Behaviour of radionuclides in soil/crop systems following contamination -- 1. Introduction -- 2.Physical and chemical behaviour of relevant radionuclides in arable soils -- 3. Physiological aspects of crop root-uptake and translocation of radionuclides in arable systems -- 4. Quantification of soil-plant transfer -- 5. Overall mass/activity balances of radionuclides in arable systems -- 6. Possible countermeasures -- 7. Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 3. Phytoremediation of soils contaminated with radionuclides -- 1. Phytoremediation-a 21st century challenge for radioecology -- 2. A phytoremediation perspective on the biogeochemistry of radionuclides -- 3. Phytoremediation of soil contaminated with radionuclides -- 4. Assessing the feasibility of phytoremediation of radionuclides using a simple model -- 5. The future of phytoremediation for radionuclides -- 6. Conclusions and prospects -- References -- Chapter 4. Transfer of radionuclides in animal production systems -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Animal production systems -- 3. Transfer of radionuclides to animals -- 4. Quantification of the transfer of radionuclides in animal products -- 5. Countermeasures -- 6. Concluding remarks -- References -- Chapter 5. Radionuclides in grassland, heath, mire and mountain ecosystems -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Global distribution of fallout and affected ecosystems -- 3. The material cycles in ecosystems -- 4. The importance of soil properties for bioavailability -- 5. Time-dependent changes in bioavailability. , 6. Partitioning and fluxes of radionuclides -- 7. Seasonality -- 8. Plant species differences -- 9. The influence of management -- 10. Conclusions -- List of plant species mentioned -- References -- Chapter 6. Radionuclides in forest ecosystems -- 1. Forests as receptors of atmospheric pollutants -- 2. Relevant time scales -- 3. Pathways and processes within forests -- 4. Radionuclides in forests after Chernobyl -- 5. Strontium in forests -- 6. Plutonium in forests -- 7. Technetium in forests -- 8. Iodine and chlorine in forests -- 9. Radiation exposures associated with forest products -- 10. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 7. Radioecology of terrestrial arctic ecosystems -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The arctic terrestrial environment -- 3. Radionuclides in arctic terrestrial ecosystems -- 4. Arctic specific processes -- 5. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 8. The distribution and transport of radionuclides in dryland ecosystems -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Characteristics of dryland ecosystems -- 3. Sources of radionuclides in dryland environments -- 4. Radioecology in dryland ecosystems -- 5. Radionuclide distribution in arid ecosystems -- 6. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 9. Radionuclides in tropical and subtropical ecosystems -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Input of fallout radionuclides in tropical areas and critical foods for human intake of radionuclides -- 3. Soil-to-crop transfers of radionuclides in (sub-)tropical areas -- 4. Paddy field ecosystems -- 5. Radioecology of the Marshall Islands -- 6. Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 10. Naturally occurring radionuclides from industrial sources: characteristics and fate in the environment -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Geochemical behavior of naturally occurring radionuclides in the lithosphere -- 3. Form, fate and transport of radionuclides in the biosphere. , 4. Bioavailability -- 5. Oil and natural gas production and processing -- 6. Phosphate fertilizer and elemental phosphorus production -- 7. Water and wastewater treatment residuals -- 8. Coal mining and combustion -- 9. Mineral sands -- 10. Site reclamation -- 11. Assessing radionuclide partitioning in TENORM disposal environments -- References -- Chapter 11. Protection of the environment from exposure to ionising radiation -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The current conceptual basis for protection of the environment from ionising radiation -- 3. State of the art at the end of the 20th century -- 4. Developments at the national level -- 5. Developments at the international level -- 6. Example of the Environment Agency assessment approach in England and Wales -- 7. The Tees estuary assessment-a case study -- 8. Conclusions-significance for regulators and operators -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 12. Concluding remarks -- References -- Author Index -- Keyword Index.