Note: Front Cover -- Arctic Ecosystems in a Changing Climate: An Ecophysiological Perspective -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Contributors -- Preface -- Introduction -- Chapter 1. Arctic Plant Physiological Ecology: A Challenge for the Future -- I. Introduction -- II. Physiological Ecology and Ecosystem Studies -- III. Physiological Ecology in the Arctic -- IV. Climate Change: A Theme for Arctic Physiological Ecology -- References -- Part I: The Arctic System -- Chapter 2. Arctic Climate: Potential for Change under Global Warming -- I. Introduction -- II. Present-Day Climate -- III. The Greenhouse Effect -- IV. Climate Models -- V. Implications for Snow, Permafrost, and Ice -- VI. Implications for Ecosystems -- VII. Summary -- References -- Chapter 3. Arctic Hydrology and Climate Change -- I. Introduction -- II. Watershed Structure -- III. Watershed Processes -- IV. Impact of Climatic Warming on Watershed Structure -- V. Hydrologic Response of an Arctic Watershed to Global Warming -- VI. Summary -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 4. Circumpolar Arctic Vegetation -- I. Introduction -- II. Forest-Tundra -- III. Low Arctic -- IV. High Arctic -- V. Arctic Carbon Reserves -- VI. Arctic Climate Change and Vegetation Patterns -- VII. Summary -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 5. Phytogeographic and Evolutionary Potential of the Arctic Flora and Vegetation in a Changing Climate -- I. Introduction -- II. Status and History of the Arctic Flora -- III. History of the Tundra Vegetation on the Alaskan North Slope -- IV. History of the Subarctic Vegetation in Central Alaska -- V. Floristic Richness along Latitudinal Gradients -- VI. Warmer Climates and Future Migrations -- VII. Summary -- References -- Chapter 6. Plant Succession, Competition, and the Physiological Constraints of Species in the Arctic -- I. Introduction. , II. Arctic Landscapes -- III. Models of Succession -- IV. Succession in the Low Arctic -- V. Succession in the High Arctic -- VI. Plant Competition -- VII. Summary -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Part II: Carbon Balance -- Chapter 7. Effects of Global Change on the Carbon Balance of Arctic Plants and Ecosystems -- I. Introduction -- II. Current Net Ecosystem Carbon Storage and Flux -- III. Effects of Global Change on Photosynthesis and Net Primary Productivity -- IV. Expected Effects of Global Change on Net Ecosystem Carbon Flux -- V. Summary and Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 8. Photosynthesis, Respiration, and Growth of Plants in the Soviet Arctic -- I. Introduction -- II. Photosynthesis -- III. Respiration and Growth -- IV. Summary and Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 9. Phenology, Resource Allocation, and Growth of Arctic Vascular Plants -- I. Introduction -- II. Phenology, Allocation, and Storage -- III. Growth Rates and Productivity -- IV. Conclusions -- V. Summary -- References -- Chapter 10. The Ecosystem Role of Poikilohydric Tundra Plants -- I. Introduction -- II. The Ecosystem Role of Mosses and Lichens -- III. Community Interactions and Poikilohydric Plants -- IV. Carbon Flows a s an Indicator of the Ecosystem Role of Poikilohydric Plants -- V. Summary -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 11. Arctic Tree Line in a Changing Climate -- I. Introduction -- II. Environmental Correlates of Tree Line -- III. Physiological Processes -- IV. Soil Processes -- V. Life History -- VI. Future Scenarios -- VII. Summary -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Part III: Water and Nutrient Balance -- Chapter 12. Water Relations of Arctic Vascular Plants -- I. The Importance of Water Stress -- II. Unique Aspects of the Arctic Environment -- III. Factors Influencing Plant Water Relations. , IV. Interactions between Water Relations and Whole-Plant Function -- V. Scaling Up from Leaf to Canopy Processes -- VI. Water Relations, Global Climate Change, and Ecosystem Processes -- VII. Arctic Plant Water Relations and the Biosphere -- VIII. Summary -- References -- Chapter 13. Microbial Processes and Plant Nutrient Availability in Arctic Soils -- I. Introduction -- II. Microbial and Soil Processes -- III. Soil Nitrogen and Phosphorus Cycling in a Warmer Arctic Climate -- IV. Summary -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 14. Nitrogen Fixation in Arctic Plant Communities -- I. Introduction -- II. Nitrogen Fixation Rates and Their Biological Importance in Arctic Ecosystems -- III. Environmental Controls -- IV. Climate Change, Nitrogen Fixation, and Arctic Ecosystem Processes -- V. Summary -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 15. Nutrient Absorption and Accumulation in Arctic Plants -- I. Introduction -- II. Response of Tundra Plants to the Environment -- III. Species and Growth-Form Differences -- IV. Uptake in the Field -- V. Role of Nutrient Uptake in Ecosystem Processes -- VI. Climate Change and Plant Nutrient Absorption -- VII. Summary -- References -- Chapter 16. Nutrient Use and Nutrient Cycling in Northern Ecosystems -- I. Introduction -- II. Storage and Recirculation of Nutrients or Additional Uptake? -- III. Nutrient Losses from the Plant -- IV. Impact of Dominant Plant Species on Nutrient Cycles -- V. Climate Change and Nutrient Cycles in Tundra Ecosystems -- VI. Summary -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Part IV: Interactions -- Chapter 17. Response of Tundra Plant Populations to Climatic Change -- I. Introduction -- II. Life Histories of Tundra Plants -- III. Demography at the Modular Level: Implications for Productivity -- IV. Demography at the Individual Level: Implications for Ecosystem Change. , V. Ecological Genetic Variation, Plasticity, and Ecosystem Change -- VI. Summary and Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 18. Controls over Secondary Metabolite Production by Arctic Woody Plants -- I. Introduction -- II. Environmental Controls of Secondary Metabolite Production -- III. Responses of Secondary Metabolite Production to Climate Change -- IV. Replacement of Tundra by Taiga -- V. Summary -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 19. Tundra Grazing Systems and Climatic Change -- I. Introduction -- II. Tundra Grazing Systems -- III. Comparisons among Tundra Grazing Systems -- IV. Tundra Grazing Systems and Climatic Change -- V. Summary -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 20. Modeling the Response of Arctic Plants to Changing Climate -- I. Introduction -- II. Scales and Types of Models -- III. Arctic Plant Growth Models -- IV. Critique of Models -- V. The Paradox of Model Complexity -- VI. A Strategy for Future Modeling -- VII. Summary -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Part V: Summary -- Chapter 21. Arctic Plant Physiological Ecology in an Ecosystem Context -- I. Ecophysiology of Individual Processes -- II. Physiological Ecology in an Ecosystem Context -- III. Physiological Ecology and Climate Change -- IV. Conclusion -- References -- Index.