Note: Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- About the Author -- 1. Introduction to Quantum Mechanics -- 1.1. Blackbody Radiation and Planck's Hypothesis -- 1.2. Photoelectric Effect -- 1.3. Bohr's Atomic Model and the Hydrogen Atom -- 1.4. Compton Scattering of Photons -- 1.5. De Broglie Hypothesis -- 1.6. Pauli Exclusion Principle -- 1.7. Schrödinger Wave Equation -- 1.8. Born Interpretation of Wave Function -- 1.9. Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle -- 1.10. Davisson and Germer Wave Properties of Electrons -- 1.11. Bohr-Sommerfeld Quantization Condition -- 1.12. Correspondence Principle -- 1.13. Heisenberg Quantum Mechanics -- 1.14. Dirac Theory of Quantum Mechanics -- 1.15. Important Quantum Mechanical Parameters in SI Units -- 1.16. Solved Examples -- 1.17. Exercises -- 2. Wave Mechanics and Its Simple Applications -- 2.1. Schrödinger Equation -- 2.2. Bound States and Scattering States -- 2.3. Probability Density, Probability Current, and Expectation Value -- 2.4. Simple Applications of Time-Independent Schrödinger Equation -- 2.4.1. Free Particle Motion -- 2.4.2. Infinite Potential Well (Particle in a Box) -- 2.4.3. The Finite Potential Well -- 2.4.4. Step Potential -- 2.4.5. Finite Potential Barrier and Tunneling -- 2.4.6. Relevance of Free Particle, Potential Wells, and Potential Barriers -- 2.5. Periodic Solids and their Band Structures -- 2.5.1. The Kronig-Penney Model -- 2.5.2. Confined States in Quantum Wells, Wires, and Dots -- 2.6. Solved Examples -- 2.7. Exercises -- 3. Matrix Formulation of Quantum Mechanics -- 3.1. Matrices and their Basic Algebra -- 3.2. Bra and Ket Notations -- 3.3. Vectors and Vector Space -- 3.3.1. Linearly Independent Vectors -- 3.3.2. Orthogonal and Orthonormal Vectors -- 3.3.3. Abstract Representation of a Vector -- 3.3.4. Outer Product of Vectors. , 3.4. Gram-Schmidt Method for Orthogonalization of Vectors -- 3.5. Schwarz Inequality -- 3.6. Linear Transformation of Vectors -- 3.6.1. Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors of a Matrix -- 3.6.2. Numerical Method to Find Eigenvalue and Eigenvector -- 3.7. Inverse Matrix -- 3.8. Orthogonal Matrix -- 3.9. Hermitian Matrix -- 3.10. Unitary Matrix -- 3.11. Diagonalization of a Matrix -- 3.12. Cayley-Hamilton Theorem -- 3.13. Bilinear, Quadratic, and Hermitian Forms -- 3.14. Change of Basis -- 3.14.1. Unitary Transformations -- 3.15. Infinite-dimensional Space -- 3.16. Hilbert Space -- 3.16.1. Basis Vectors in Hilbert Space -- 3.16.2. Quantum States and Operators in Hilbert Space -- 3.16.3. Schrödinger Equation in Matrix Form -- 3.17. Statement of Assumptions of Quantum Mechanics -- 3.18. General Uncertainty Principle -- 3.19. One Dimensional Harmonic Oscillator -- 3.20. Solved Examples -- 3.21. Exercises -- 4. Transformations, Conservation Laws, and Symmetries -- 4.1. Translation in Space -- 4.2. Translation in Time -- 4.3. Rotation in Space -- 4.4. Quantum Generalization of the Rotation Operator -- 4.5. Invariance and Conservation Laws -- 4.5.1. Infinitesimal Space Translation -- 4.5.2. Infinitesimal Time Translation -- 4.5.3. Infinitesimal Rotation -- 4.5.4. Conservation of Charge -- 4.6. Parity and Space Inversion -- 4.6.1. Parity Operator -- 4.7. Time-Reversal Operator -- 4.7.1. Properties of Antilinear Operator -- 4.7.2. Time Reversal Operator for Non-zero Spin Particles -- 4.8. Solved Examples -- 4.9. Exercises -- 5. Angular Momentum -- 5.1. Orbital Angular Momentum -- 5.2. Eigenvalues of Angular Momentum -- 5.3. Eigenfunctions of Orbital Angular Momentum -- 5.4. General Angular Momentum -- 5.5. Spin Angular Momentum -- 5.5.1. Pauli Theory of Spin One-half Systems -- 5.6. Addition of Angular Momentum. , 5.6.1. Clebsch-Gordon Coefficients and their Properties -- 5.6.2. Recursion Relations for Clebsch-Gordon Coefficients -- 5.6.3. Computation of Clebsch-Gordon Coefficients -- 5.7. Solved Examples -- 5.8. Exercises -- 6. Schrödinger Equation for Central Potentials and 3D System -- 6.1. Motion in a Central Field -- 6.2. Energy Eigenvalues of the Hydrogen Atom -- 6.3. Wave Functions of the Hydrogen Atom -- 6.4. Radial Probability Density -- 6.5. Free Particle Motion -- 6.6. Spherically Symmetric Potential Well -- 6.7. Electron Confined to a 3D Box -- 6.8. Solved Examples -- 6.9. Exercises -- 7. Approximation Methods -- 7.1. Perturbation Theory -- 7.1.1. Perturbation Theory for Nondegenerate States -- 7.1.1.1. First Order Corrections to Energy and Wave Function Ket -- 7.1.1.2. Second Order Corrections to Energy and Wave Function Ket -- 7.1.1.3. kth Order Corrections to Energy and Wave Function Ket -- 7.1.1.4. Anharmonic Oscillator -- 7.1.2. Perturbation Theory for Degenerate States -- 7.1.2.1. Effect of an Electric Field on the First Excited State in a Hydrogen Atom (Linear Stark Effect) -- 7.2. Variation Method -- 7.2.1. The Ground State of the Helium Atom -- 7.2.2. Rayleigh-Ritz Variational Method -- 7.2.3. The Hydrogen Molecule Ion -- 7.2.4. Variational Method for Excited States -- 7.2.5. Application of Variational Method to the Excited State of a 1D Harmonic Oscillator -- 7.3. The W K B Approximations -- 7.3.1. The Classical Region -- 7.3.2. Alternative Derivation of the WKB Formula -- 7.3.3. Non-classical or Tunneling Region -- 7.3.4. Connecting Formulae -- 7.3.5. Quantum Condition for Bound State -- 7.4. Solved Examples -- 7.5. Exercises -- 8. Quantum Theory of Scattering -- 8.1. Scattering Cross-Section and Frame of Reference -- 8.2. Asymptotic Expansion and Scattering Amplitude -- 8.3. Partial Wave Analysis. , 8.3.1. Free Particle and Asymptotic Solutions -- 8.3.2. Scattering Amplitude and Phase Shift -- 8.3.3. Optical Theorem -- 8.3.4. Scattering Length -- 8.3.5. Scattering by a Square Well Potential -- 8.3.6. Scattering by a Hard Sphere Potential -- 8.3.7. Interpretation of the Phase Shift -- 8.4. Expression for Phase Shift -- 8.5. Integral Equation -- 8.6. The Born Approximation -- 8.6.1. Scattering by Screened Coulomb Potential -- 8.6.2. Validity of the Born Approximation -- 8.7. Transformation from the Center of Mass Coordinate System to the Laboratory Coordinate System -- 8.8. Solved Examples -- 8.9. Exercises -- 9. Quantum Theory of Many Particle Systems -- 9.1. System of Indistinguishable Particles -- 9.1.1. Non-interacting System of Particles -- 9.1.2. Space and Spin Parts of Wave Function -- 9.2. The Helium Atom -- 9.2.1. Ground State of Helium -- 9.2.2. Excited State of Helium -- 9.3. Systems of N-Electrons -- 9.3.1. Hartree Approximation -- 9.3.2. Hartree-Fock Approximation -- 9.3.3. Thomas-Fermi Theory -- 9.3.4. Thomas-Fermi Model of Atom -- 9.3.5. Density Functional Theory -- 9.4. Solved Examples -- 9.5. Exercises -- 10. Time-dependent Perturbations and Semi-classical Treatment of Interaction of Field with Matter -- 10.1. Time-dependent Potentials -- 10.2. Exactly Solvable Time-dependent Two-state Systems -- 10.3. Time-dependent Perturbation Theory -- 10.3.1. First Order Perturbation -- 10.4. Harmonic Perturbation -- 10.4.1. Transition Probability -- 10.4.2. Fermi's Golden Rule -- 10.5. Constant Perturbation -- 10.5.1. Fermi's Golden Rule -- 10.6. Semi-classical Treatment of Interaction of a Field with Matter -- 10.6.1. Absorption and Stimulated Emission -- 10.6.2. Electric Dipole Approximation -- 10.7. Spontaneous Emission and Einstein Coefficients -- 10.8. Dipole Selection Rules -- 10.9. Solved Examples -- 10.10. Exercises. , 11. Relativistic Quantum Mechanics -- 11.1. The Klein-Gordon Equation -- 11.1.1. Probability Density and Probability Current -- 11.1.2. The Klein-Gordon Equation in a Coulombic Field -- 11.2. The Dirac Equation -- 11.2.1. Derivation of the Dirac Equation -- 11.2.2. Covariant Form of the Dirac Equation -- 11.2.3. Probability Density and Probability Current -- 11.3. Free Particle Solutions of the Dirac Equation -- 11.3.1. Positive and Negative Energy Eigenvalues -- 11.4. The Dirac Equation and the Constants of Motion -- 11.5. Spin Magnetic Moment (the Dirac Electron in an Electromagnetic Field) -- 11.6. Spin-Orbit Interaction Energy -- 11.7. Solution of the Dirac Equation for Central Potential -- 11.7.1. Hydrogen-like Atom -- 11.8. Solved Examples -- 11.9. Exercises -- 12. Quantization of Fields and Second Quantization -- 12.1. Quantization of an Electromagnetic Field -- 12.1.1. Field Operators -- 12.2. Second Quantization -- 12.2.1. Second Quantization of the Schrödinger Equation for Bosons -- 12.2.2. Second Quantization of the Schrödinger Equation for Fermions -- 12.2.3. Matrix Representation of Fermionic Operators -- 12.2.4. Number Operator -- 12.3. System of Weakly Interacting Bosons -- 12.4. Free Electron System -- 12.5. Solved Examples -- 12.6. Exercises -- Annexure A: Useful Formulae -- I. Table of Integrals -- II. Series and Expansions -- III. Basic Functional Relations -- IV. Coordinate Systems -- Annexure B: Dirac Delta Function -- I. Properties of Delta Function -- II. Representation of Delta Function -- Answers to Exercises -- Chapter 1 -- Chapter 2 -- Chapter 3 -- Chapter 5 -- Chapter 6 -- Chapter 7 -- Chapter 8 -- Chapter 9 -- Chapter 10 -- Chapter 11 -- Chapter 12 -- Bibliography -- Index.

Note: Intro -- Preface to the Series "Plant Genome -- Preface to this Volume -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- Chapter 1: Evolution and Phylogeny of Cycads -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Secondary Metabolities in Cycads -- Molecular Phylogeny of Cycads -- Phylogenetic Position of Cycadophyta -- Phylogenetic Structure within the Cycadophyta -- Phylogenetic Relationships within the Genus Encephalartos -- Molecular Clock: Age Estimate of Cycad Speciation -- Acknowledgement -- References -- Chapter 2: Molecular Variability and Diversity of Mediterranean Pines: Pinus halepensis Mill. and Pinus brutia Ten. -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Genome Organization of Conifer -- Molecular polymorphism -- Differences in P.Halepensis and P.Brutia as Examples in the Evolutionary History of Mediterranean Pines -- Genetic Alterations as Adaptation to Environmental Changes -- Environmental effects on Adaptive Genetic Variation in Pinus Halepensis -- DIversity Between Circum-Mediterranean -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgement -- References -- Chapter 3: Survey of Genetic Diversity and Phylogenic Relationships in Tunisian Date-palms (Phoenix dactylifera L. by Molecular Methods -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Plant Material -- DNA Preparation -- Primers and RAPD Assays -- Primers and ISSR Assays -- SSR Genotyping -- Data Analysis -- Establishment of the Cultivars' Identification Key -- Results -- Cultivars' Identification Key -- Genetic Diversity Analysis as Inferred by RAPDs -- Phylogenic Relationships as Revealed by RAPD Data -- Genetic Diversity as Inferred by ISSRs -- Phylogenic Relationships as Revealed by ISSR Data -- Genetic Diversity and Phylogenic Relationships as Inferred by Combined RAPD and ISSR Data -- Genetic diversity as Inferred by SSR Data -- Phylogenetic Relationships as Revealed by Microsatellite Markers -- Conclusion. , Acknowledgement -- References -- Chapter 4: Oil Palm -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Botanical Classification and Phylogeny -- Palms -- The Elaeidinae -- Elaeis guineensis-the African oil palm -- Geographical Distribution -- Biology of Oil Palm -- Inflorescence, flower and fruit structure -- Oil Palm Products -- Palm oil based oleochemicals, diesel and biodegradable plastics -- Other products from oil palm -- Oil Palm Crop Improvement -- Advances in the crop improvement of oil palm -- Molecular Markers in Oil Palm Breeding -- Fingerprinting and linkage studies -- Potential applications of markers-simple traits -- Potential applications of markers-complex traits -- Potential applications of markers-disease resistance -- Genome Organization -- BAC (Bacterial Artificial Chromosome) libraries -- Uses fo Conserved Synteny -- Vegetative Propagation of Oil Palm -- Transformation Technology -- Conclusiton -- The future of genetic improvement in oil palm -- Molecular genetics -- Models and comparative genetics -- Transgenics and tissue culture -- References -- Chapter 5: Genome Complexity of Allium -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Species Hybridization -- Biochemical and Molecular Approaches for Classification -- DNA Content in ALLIUM -- Molecular Marker Systems -- Isozyme Analysis -- DNA Analysis -- Cytogenetic Chromosomal Analyses -- Chemotaxonomic Relationships -- Chemical Constituents -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgement -- References -- Chatper 6: Molecular Phylogenetics of Chinese Cymbidium (Orchidaceae) Based on nrITS Sequence and RAPD Data -- Abstract -- Introduction-Distribution Patterns -- The Traditional Taxonomy in Cymbidium -- Analysis of Phylogenetic Relationships in Cymbidium (Orchidaceae) Based in nrITS Sequence Data -- Relationship Between Species, Cultivars of Cymbidium Based on RAPD Data -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgement -- References. , Chapter 7: Genome Evolution and Population Biology in the Orchidaceae -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Chromosome Evolution -- General Aspects -- Genome SIze Evolution -- Evolution by Allopolyploidy -- Molecular Evolution and Phylogeny -- Descriptive Knowledge of Orchid Genome at the Nucleotide Sequence Level -- Phylogenetic Structure of Orchidaceae -- Molecular Markers and Population Biology in Orchids -- Population Biology studies in Terrestrial Orchids -- Population Biology Studies in Epiphytic and Lithophytic Orchids -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgement -- References -- Chapter 8: Karyological Evolution of the Genus Luzula DC. (Juncaceae) -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Cytological Character of the Genus Luzula -- Karyology of the Genus Luzula -- Agmatoploidy -- Agmatoploidy and Polyploidy -- Symploidy -- Origin of the Chromosome Variability in the Genus Luzula -- Acknowledgement -- References -- Chapter 9: Phylogenetic Relationships and Systematics in Genus Bromus (Poaceae) -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Section Genea -- Section Bromus -- Section Pnigma -- Section Ceratochloa -- Acknowledgement -- References -- Chapter 10: Phylogeny and Evolution of Festuca L. and Related Genera of SUbtribe Loliinae (Poeae, Poaceae) -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Classical and Modern Circumscriptions of the Festucoids -- Conflicts and Concerts Between Molecules and Morphology in the Lolinae -- Speciation and Evolutionary Trends in Loliinae: C-Values, Karyotype Evolution, Hybridization and Polyploidy -- Evolutionary Rates Across the Festucoids -- Biogeographical and Phylogeographical Patterns of Festucoid Lineages -- Biogeography -- Phylogeography -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgement -- References -- Chapter 11: Molecular Genetic and Cytogenetic Evidences Supporting the Genome Relationships of the Genus Avena -- Abstract -- Introduction -- OAT Genomes: An Overview. , Genome DIfferentiation Among Diploid Species -- Genome Differentiation Among Tetraploid Species -- Genome DIfferentiation Among Hexaploid Species -- Putative Progenitors of the Hexaploid Genomes -- Acknowledgement -- References -- Author Index -- Detailed Contents.

Note: Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Editors and Contributors -- About the Editors -- Contributors -- Abbreviations -- Fate and Persistence of Herbicide Residues in India -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Herbicide Residue Estimation -- 2.1 Liquid Liquid Extraction Method -- 2.1.1 Accelerated Solvent Extraction Method -- 2.1.2 Solid: Phase Extraction Method -- 3 Effects of Herbicides -- 3.1 Soil Physico-Chemical and Biological Properties -- 3.2 Non-targeted Organisms -- 3.3 Rotational and Succeeding Crops -- 3.4 Metabolites -- 3.5 Herbicide Residues in Soil -- 3.6 Dissipation of Herbicides in Soil -- 3.7 Dissipation of Herbicides in Plant -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- Environmental Fate of Herbicide Use in Central India -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Herbicide Use Pattern -- 2 Herbicide Persistence and Accumulation -- 2.1 Analytical Procedure -- 3 Fate, Persistence and Herbicide Residues in Soil -- 3.1 Effect of Soil Properties -- 3.2 Effect of Climatic Conditions -- 3.3 Herbicide Half-Life in Soil -- 3.4 Biodegradation of Herbicides by Soil Microbes -- 3.5 Herbicide Residues in Cereals and Other Crops -- 3.5.1 Rice and Wheat -- 3.5.2 Maize -- 3.5.3 Pulses -- 3.5.4 Cowpea and Greengram -- 3.5.5 Oilseed Crops -- 3.5.6 Vegetables -- 3.5.7 Plantation Crops -- 3.5.8 Other Crops -- 3.5.9 Medicinal Plants -- 3.5.10 Herbicide Residues in Non-cropped Areas -- 3.5.11 Water -- 3.6 Effect of Herbicides on Non-targeted Organisms -- 3.6.1 Earthworms -- 3.6.2 Microbes and Fishes -- 3.6.3 Humans -- 3.7 Metabolites/Transformation Products -- 3.8 Herbicide Leaching and Transport -- 3.8.1 Laboratory Conditions -- 3.8.2 Herbicide Leaching in Field Lysimeters -- 3.9 Phytoremediation/Mitigation of Herbicides -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- Environmental Aspects of Herbicide Use Under Intensive Agriculture Scenario of Punjab -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Environmental Aspects of Herbicides. , 2.1 Herbicide and Soil Interaction -- 2.1.1 Transport Processes -- Adsorption -- Leaching -- Volatilization -- Plant Uptake -- 2.1.2 Breakdown Processes -- 2.1.3 Residue Limits for Different Herbicides -- 2.1.4 Sample Pre-treatment and Quantification -- Sample Pretreatment -- Identification and Quantification of Herbicide Residues -- 3 Agricultural Scenario of Punjab -- 3.1 Investigational Features -- 3.1.1 Adsorption-Desorption -- 3.1.2 Leaching -- 3.1.3 Dissipation -- 3.2 Extraction and Quantification of Herbicide Residues -- 3.3 Data Analysis/Prediction -- 4 Effect of Herbicides on Non-target Organisms -- 5 Soil and Herbicide Interaction Processes -- 5.1 Adsorption-Desorption -- 5.2 Leaching -- 5.3 Herbicides Dissipation in Soil -- 5.4 Dissipation Under Long-Term Experiments -- 5.5 Residual Effect on Succeeding Crops -- 5.6 Herbicides Dissipation in Crop Plants -- 5.6.1 Cereals -- 5.6.2 Vegetables -- 5.6.3 Oilseed Crops -- 5.7 Herbicides Dissipation Kinetics -- 5.8 Herbicide Residues in Water -- 6 Conclusions -- References -- Persistence of Herbicides in Rice-Rice System in Kerala -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Characteristics of Major Rice Soils of Kerala -- 3 Persistence of Herbicides -- 3.1 Persistence of 2,4-D Residues in Rice Field -- 3.2 2,4-D Residues in Surface and Groundwater -- 3.3 Residual Effect of Herbicides Under Different Methods of Application -- 3.4 Persistence of Chloroacetamide Herbicides -- 3.4.1 Flooded Situation -- 4 Persistence of Herbicides Under Long-Term Experiments -- 4.1 Herbicide Residues in Soil -- 4.2 Butachlor Residues -- 4.3 Pretilachlor Residues -- 4.4 2,4-D Residues -- 4.5 Herbicides Residues in Plants -- 4.6 Effect of Continuous Application of Herbicides -- 5 Herbicides Leaching -- 5.1 Herbicide Residues in Soil -- 5.2 Herbicide Residues in the Leachates -- 6 Adsorption of Herbicides. , 7 Effect of Herbicides on Soil Physico-chemical Properties -- 8 Effect of Herbicides on Soil Macro Fauna -- 8.1 Soil Microbial Population and Enzyme Activity -- 8.2 Effect of Herbicides on Soil Microflora -- 8.3 Effect of Herbicides on Dehydrogenase Activity -- 9 Conclusions -- References -- Dissipation and Impact of Herbicides on Soil Properties in Tamil Nadu -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Herbicide Use Scenario in Tamil Nadu -- 2 Herbicide Residue Research in Tamil Nadu -- 3 Persistence of Herbicides in Rice Ecosystem -- 3.1 Persistence of Herbicides in Rice: Rice Cropping System -- 3.1.1 Dissipation of Butachlor in Soil -- 3.1.2 Dissipation of Butachlor and Pretilachlor under Rotational Application -- 3.1.3 Dissipation of 2,4-D Under Continuous and Rotational Application -- 3.1.4 Herbicide Residues in Soil and Crop Produce -- 3.1.5 Soil Physico-chemical Properties -- 3.1.6 Persistence of Recent Herbicides and Formulations -- 3.2 Persistence of Herbicides in Cereals -- 3.2.1 Sorghum -- 3.2.2 Fingermillet -- 3.2.3 Maize -- 3.3 Persistence of Herbicides in Oilseeds -- 3.3.1 Sunflower -- 3.3.2 Groundnut -- 3.3.3 Soybean -- 3.4 Persistence of Herbicides in Pulses -- 3.4.1 Greengram -- 3.4.2 Blackgram -- 3.5 Persistence of Herbicides in Cash Crops -- 3.5.1 Sugarcane -- 3.5.2 Cotton -- 3.5.3 Sugarbeet -- 3.6 Persistence of Herbicides in Vegetables -- 3.6.1 Potato -- 3.6.2 Onion -- 3.7 Persistence of Herbicides in Plantation Crops -- 3.7.1 Tea -- 3.8 Persistence of Herbicides Under Conservation Agricultural Practices -- 3.9 Persistence, Movement and Sorption Behavior of Herbicides -- 3.9.1 Persistence -- 3.9.2 Movement and Leaching -- 3.9.3 Sorption -- 3.10 Persistence of Herbicides in Farmers' Field -- 3.11 Persistence of Herbicides in Water -- 3.11.1 Herbicide Persistence in River Basins. , 3.11.2 Persistence of Herbicides in Aquatic Ecosystem and Risk Assessment -- Herbicides Persistence in Water -- Effect on Fish Mortality -- Effect of Herbicides on Water Quality -- Herbicide Partitioning Between Water and Soil Sediment -- 3.11.3 Persistence of Herbicides in Water Under Field Conditions -- 3.12 Mitigation of Herbicide Residues -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- Herbicide Residues in Potato-Pearlmillet Cropping System in Western India -- 1 Herbicides Use in India -- 2 Use of Herbicides in Potato-Pearlmillet Cropping Sytem -- 3 Fate of Herbicides -- 4 Effect of Herbicides -- 4.1 Soil Properties -- 4.2 Soil Microbes -- 4.3 Potato Yield -- 4.4 Herbicide Residues -- 4.5 Residual Impact on Succeeding Pearlmillet -- 5 Conclusions -- References -- Herbicide Residues in Rice-Wheat Cropping System in Uttarakhand -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Experimentation -- 3 Recovery and Validation -- 4 Herbicide Residues in Soil and Plants -- 5 Conclusions -- References -- Herbicide Residues in Rice-Wheat System under North-Western Mid-Hill Conditions -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Field Experiments -- 2.1 Herbicide Residues -- 2.1.1 Bioassay Technique -- 2.1.2 Spectrophotometric Analysis -- 3 Effect of Herbicides on Soil and Residues -- 3.1 Soil Physico-Chemical Properties -- 3.2 Effect on Non-targeted Organisms -- 3.3 Herbicide Residues -- 3.3.1 Bioassay Technique -- 3.3.2 Analytical Technique -- 3.4 Dissipation of Herbicides in Soil -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- Persistence of Herbicides in  Pearlmillet-Wheat Cropping System in Madhya Pradesh -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Persistence of Herbicides in Soil and Plants -- 2.1 Herbicide Residues in Pearlmillet-Wheat Cropping System -- 2.2 Bioassay Studies -- 3 Phytotoxic Effect of Herbicides -- 4 Persistence of Herbicides Applied to Pearlmillet -- 5 Conclusions -- References. , Persistence of Herbicides in Rice-Maize Cropping System in Telengana and Andhra Pradesh -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Herbicide Use in Andhra Pradesh -- 2.1 Herbicide Use in the State -- 3 Analytical Procedures -- 4 Effects of Herbicides -- 4.1 Soil Physico-Chemical Properties -- 4.2 Rotational/Succeeding Crops -- 4.3 Herbicide Residues in Soil -- 4.4 Dissipation of Herbicides in Soil -- 4.5 Residues in Green and Mature Plants -- 5 Conclusions -- References -- Herbicide Residues in Rice-Based Cropping Systems in Assam -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Herbicide Use Scenario -- 2 Experimentation -- 3 Effect of Herbicides on Soil Physico-Chemical Properties -- 3.1 Rice-Rice Sequence -- 3.2 Rice-Wheat Sequence -- 3.3 Effect of Herbicides on Non-target Organisms -- 3.3.1 Rice-Rice System -- 3.3.2 Rice-Wheat System -- 3.4 Effects on Succeeding Crops -- 3.5 Herbicide Residues in Soil -- 3.6 Residues in Green and Mature Plants -- 3.7 Persistence of Herbicide in Farmers' Field -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- Herbicide Residues in Rice-Wheat System in Eastern Uttar Pradesh -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Herbicide Residues in Soil -- 2.1 Butachlor Residues in Soil of Rice Under Rice-Wheat System -- 2.2 Herbicides Residues in Soil of Rice Under Rice-Chickpea Cropping System -- 2.3 Residual Effect of Herbicides Applied in Winter Maize on Succeeding Rice -- 2.4 Persistence Studies of Herbicides in the Soil of Puddled Transplanted Rice -- 2.5 Persistence of Herbicide in Soil in Rice Under Rice-Wheat Cropping System -- 3 Herbicides Residues in Soil During Winter in Rice-Wheat Cropping System -- 3.1 Herbicide Residue Studies in the Post-harvested Soil of Wheat -- 3.1.1 Persistence of Herbicides in Soil in Maize Under Rice-Maize Cropping System -- 3.1.2 Residual Effect of Herbicides Applied in Rice on Succeeding Wheat Crop. , 3.1.3 Herbicide Residues in Soil Applied in Chickpea Under Rice-Chickpea Cropping System.

Note: Intro -- Title Page -- Contents -- Preface -- Complexity and Extreme Events in Geosciences: An Overview -- Section I: Solid Earth -- Earthquakes: Complexity and Extreme Events -- Patterns of Seismicity Found in the Generalized Vicinity of a Strong Earthquake: Agreement With Common Scenarios of Instability -- Characterizing Large Events and Scaling in Earthquake Models With Inhomogeneous Damage -- Fractal Dimension and b Value Mapping Before and After the 2004 Megathrust Earthquake in the Andaman-Sumatra Subduction Zone -- Stress Pulse Migration by Viscoelastic Process for Long-Distance Delayed Triggering of Shocks in Gujarat, India, After the 2001 Mw 7.7 Bhuj Earthquake -- Extreme Seismic Events in Models of Lithospheric Block-and-Fault Dynamics -- Section II: Oceans -- Investigation of Past and Future Polar Low Frequency in the North Atlantic -- Variability of North Atlantic Hurricanes: Seasonal Versus Individual-Event Features -- Large-Scale Patterns in Hurricane-Driven Shoreline Change -- Section III: Atmosphere -- Precipitation and River Flow: Long-Term Memory and Predictability of Extreme Events -- Extreme Events and Trends in the Indian Summer Monsoon -- Empirical Orthogonal Function Spectra of Extreme Temperature Variability Decoded From Tree Rings of the Western Himalayas -- On the Estimation of Natural and Anthropogenic Trends in Climate Records -- Climate Subsystems: Pacemakers of Decadal Climate Variability -- Dynamical System Exploration of the Hurst Phenomenon in Simple Climate Models -- Low-Frequency Weather and the Emergence of the Climate -- Section IV: Geospace -- Extreme Space Weather: Forecasting Behavior of a Nonlinear Dynamical System -- Supermagnetic Storms: Hazard to Society -- Development of Intermediate-Scale Structure in the Nighttime Equatorial Ionosphere -- Complex Analysis of Polar Auroras for 1996. , On Self-Similar and Multifractal Models for the Scaling of Extreme Bursty Fluctuations in Space Plasmas -- Section V: General -- Extreme Value and Record Statistics in Heavy-Tailed Processes With Long-Range Memory -- Extreme Event Recurrence Time Distributions and Long Memory -- Dealing With Complexity and Extreme Events Using a Bottom-Up, Resource-Based Vulnerability Perspective -- AGU Category Index -- Index.