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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Novel device for the generation of controlled prepulses in a Ti:sapphire laser amplifier chain (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 71 (2000), S. 3313-3316 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: For the generation of a well defined prepulse in high intensity laser plasma interactions, we implemented a newly developed prepulse device into a multiterawatt titanium:sapphire amplifier system. The temporal delay between the prepulse and main pulse is variable between −350 ps and + 100 ps. If the laser pulse is focused on a target, the spatial overlap of the two pulses in the focal point is corrected automatically over the entire range. It is possible to attenuate the main pulse as well as the prepulse independently of each other by more than one order of magnitude. We investigated the dependence of the Kα emission of the laser produced plasma of a silicon target on the delay between the prepulse and main pulse. An increase of the yield of the Kα emission by a factor of 2 for a temporal delay of several tens of picoseconds between the prepulse and main pulse was measured. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1287049
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Selective generation and control of excited vibrational wave packets in the electronic ground state of K2 (1999)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 110 (1999), S. 9560-9567 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We investigate the generation and real-time monitoring of coherent vibrational wave packets in the electronic ground state of supersonic jet-cooled potassium dimers. Vibrationally excited wave packets with mean quantum numbers v¯=6 and v¯=11 are generated by a stimulated Raman process which is enhanced by an electronic resonance. Two ultrashort laser pulses of different wavelengths induce the pump and the dump process. The population of the final hot ground-state wave packets is successfully controlled by a variable time delay between the pump and the dump process, which enables us to wait with the dumping for the optimal Franck–Condon overlap between the intermediate and the predicted final vibrational wave packet in the electronic ground state. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.478921
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Femtosecond time-resolved two-photon ionization spectroscopy of K2 (1997)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 107 (1997), S. 9749-9754 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We investigated the coherent motion of vibrational wave packets in the |B〉 1Πu state of the potassium dimer applying two color pump/probe spectroscopy with a sub 100 fs time resolution. Special interest was paid to the ionization probe step which was analyzed carefully by varying the probe energy over a wide range. Time-dependent quantum calculations explain the experimental outcomes by introducing a nonconstant transition dipole moment between the |B〉 and the ionic state |X+〉 and by taking into account the excitation of long lived autoionizing Rydberg states. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.475271
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Glucocorticoid receptor expression in inflammatory bowel disease: evidence for a mucosal down-regulation in steroid-unresponsive ulcerative colitis (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 19 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background : Glucocorticoids (GC) play a major role in the attenuation of inflammation. Glucocorticoid receptor (GR) expression is an important determinant of steroid sensitivity.Aims : To investigate whether GR mRNA expression is altered in inflammatory bowel disease, and whether GR mRNA expression correlates with disease activity and may predict response to GC therapy.Methods : Mucosal biopsies were taken from 33 patients with ulcerative colitis, 21 with Crohn's disease and 11 controls. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated from 24 ulcerative colitis and 18 Crohn's disease patients and 11 controls. GR mRNA was measured by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and correlated to endoscopic findings, clinical activity and outcome of GC therapy. In a subset of subjects GR localisation was shown by immunohistochemistry.Results : In patients with inflammatory bowel disease GR expression was not different from controls. However, GR was decreased in biopsies from ulcerative colitis patients with impaired GC response. The inhibitory subtype GRβ was expressed 100–1000 times lower than GRα. GR immunoreactivity was identified in immune and epithelial cells except for colonic crypts.Conclusion : In inflammatory bowel disease systemic and mucosal GR mRNA expression is not altered. However, in ulcerative colitis patients, low mucosal GR expression may predict the outcome of GC therapy. The low expression of GRβ challenges its role in steroid refractoriness in inflammatory bowel disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.2003.01802.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Laser-plasma acceleration of quasi-monoenergetic protons from microstructured targets (2006)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 439 (2006), S. 445-448 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Particle acceleration based on high intensity laser systems (a process known as laser–plasma acceleration) has achieved high quality particle beams that compare favourably with conventional acceleration techniques in terms of emittance, brightness and pulse duration. A long-term difficulty ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature04492
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nicotinic and muscarinic modulation of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) release from porcine and canine small intestine (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 70 (1992), S. 190-200 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Enterochromaffm cells ; Nicotine ; Muscarine ; Serotonin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Strips of porcine and canine small intestine were incubated in vitro and the release of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) was determined by HPLC with electrochemical detection. The spontaneous outflow of 5-HT from the porcine and canine small intestine largely reflects calcium-dependent 5-HT secretion from enterochromaffin cells which are under a spontaneous neuronal, excitatory input as indicated by the inhibitory effect (30–40%) of tetrodotoxin. In both species, nicotine enhanced the release of 5-HT in a concentration-dependent manner by a maximum of about 50% at 100 μM. This effect was blocked by the nicotine receptor antagonist hexamethonium, but not by the subtype-selective nicotine receptor antagonist α-bungarotoxin. The effect of nicotine was rapidly desensitized. The presence of tetrodotoxin abolished the effect of nicotine on 5-HT release in canine tissue but not in porcine tissue. The presence of the muscarine receptor antagonist scopolamine prevented the effect of nicotine on 5-HT release from canine tissue, but significantly enhanced 5-HT release from porcine tissue. The muscarine receptor agonist oxotremorine inhibited 5-HT release from porcine tissue, but increased 5-HT release from canine tissue. However, in the presence of tetrodotoxin, oxotremorine enhanced 5-HT release in tissue from both species. In conclusion, activation of nicotine receptors induce the release of 5-HT from porcine and canine small intestine. In the dog, the effect of nicotine is mediated via the release of acetylcholine which then stimulates 5-HT release via muscarine receptors on the enterochromaffin cells. In the pig, the stimulatory effect of nicotine appears to be located directly on the enterochromaffin cells. In addition, activation of neuronal muscarine receptors in the porcine small intestine induced the release of a previously unidentified neurotransmitter which inhibited 5-HT release. Nicotine, via cholinergic interneurons, also appears to induce the release of this inhibitory neurotransmitter which opposes the direct stimulatory action of nicotine on 5-HT release.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00184650
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of cigarette smoking or ingestion of nicotine on platelet 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) levels in smokers and non-smokers (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 70 (1992), S. 201-204 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Enterochromaffin cells ; Nicotine ; Serotonin ; Smoking ; Platelets
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Platelets of healthy smokers and nonsmokers were prepared and their content of 5-hydroxytryptamine was determined by HPLC with electrochemical detection. Platelet 5-HT levels in smokers (728 ± 156 pmol per 108 platelets, mean ±SEM, n=9) were significantly higher than those in non-smokers (353 ± 156 pmol per 108 platelets, n = 11). Smoking of a single cigarette caused a transient increase in platelet 5-HT levels by about 350% in non-smokers, but had no additional effect in smokers. Similarly, chewing of nicotine gum (48 mg nicotine) resulted in a transient increase in platelet 5-HT by about 100% in non-smokers, but not in smokers. In conclusion, smoking of cigarettes can cause an increase in platelet 5-HT, most likely via an enhanced supply of 5-HT from entero-chromaffm cells which can be stimulated via nicotine receptors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00184651
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Treatment of acute gouty arthritis with the 5-hydroxytryptamine antagonist ondansetron (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 72 (1994), S. 811-813 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Serotonin ; 5-Hydroxytryptamine type 3 receptors ; Ondansetron ; Pain ; Gouty arthritis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report on a 28-year-old man with hematemesis, renal dysfunction, and arterial hypertension who suffered from an acute gouty attack presenting as podagra. Because of the accompanying symptoms conventional treatment of the gouty attack with colchicine or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs was contraindicated. We treated the pain of acute arthritis with the specific 5-hydroxytryptamine subtype 3 receptor antagonist ondansetron. Within 30 min after intravenous injection of this drug a substantial degree of pain relief had occurred. Unwanted side effects due to treatment were not observed. It is suggested that the 5-hydroxytryptamine released during a gouty attack induces pain via activation of 5-hydroxytryptamine subtype 3 receptors on nociceptive afferent nerve fibers. 5-Hydroxytryptamine subtype 3 receptor antagonists may therefore be a novel class of drugs for the effective treatment of acute gouty attacks when conventional treatment is contraindicated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00180553
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Temperature-dependent effects of increased intraluminal pressure on serotonin release from the vascularly perfused guinea pig ileum (1987)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 336 (1987), S. 483-486 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Serotonin release ; Enterochromaffin cells ; Peristaltic reflex ; Guinea pig ileum ; Naloxone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Isolated segments of the guinea pig ileum were vascularly perfused and the release of endogenous serotonin into the portal effluent was measured. Peristalsis was induced by raising the intraluminal hydrostatic pressure by 500 Pa for 5 min. Serotonin release increased during peristalsis induced by fluid of 37°C, but decreased when the temperature of the intraluminal fluid was between 13°C and 22°C. In the presence of naloxone (0.3 μmol/l) raising the intraluminal pressure with fluid of 37°C caused an inhibition of the serotonin release which was blocked by scopolamine (0.1 μmol/l). Naloxone did not affect the inhibition of Serotonin release during peristalsis caused by fluid of 19°C, neither did indometacin (1 μmol/l). In conclusion, liquid distension of the guinea pig isolated ileum elicits peristaltic activity, and affects the release of serotonin into the portal circulation. The changes in serotonin release depend on the temperature of the fluid passing through the intestinal lumen, whereas peristalsis is not affected by the temperature of the intraluminal fluid.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00169303
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of cromakalim on acetylcholine release and smooth muscle contraction in guinea-pig small intestine (1989)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 339 (1989), S. 706-708 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Potassium channels ; Cromakalim ; Acetylcholine release ; M1-Receptor ; Small intestine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effects of the potassium channel opener cromakalim on smooth muscle contraction and 3H-acetylcholine release were studied simultaneously in guinea-pig longitudinal muscle myenteric plexus preparations which had been preincubated with 3H-choline. Cromakalim (10 μmol/1) inhibited more markedly the smooth muscle contractions caused by the release of endogenous acetylcholine (via electrical stimulation or via activation of nicotine- and 5-HT3-receptors) than contractions induced by pilocarpine. Cromakalim (10 ~mol/1) did not affect the release of 3Hacetylcholine evoked by electrical stimulation or by stimulation of nicotine- and 5-HT3-receptors. In contrast, the release of 3H-acetylcholine caused by stimulation of M1-receptors was concentration-dependently reduced by cromakalim (1–100 gmol/1). The results suggest that the relaxant effect of cromakalim on smooth muscle contraction is not caused by a reduction of acetylcholine release from myenteric neurones. An opening of cromakalim-sensitive potassium channels may be involved in the inhibition of the M1-receptor mediated acetylcholine release.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00168666
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