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The future oceans - warming up, rising high, turning sour : special report (2006)

Schubert, Renate 1955- ; Wissenschaftlicher Beirat der Bundesregierung Globale Umweltveränderungen

Berlin : German Advisory Council on Global Change (WBGU)

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Keywords: Klimawandel ; Meer ; Meeresverschmutzung ; Küstenregion ; Meeresnutzung ; Meeresforschung ; Welt ; Treibhausgas-Emissionen ; Küstenschutz ; Umwelt ; Ökologie ; Meer ; Ökosystem ; Erde ; Graue Literatur ; Meer ; Meeresspiegel ; Erhöhung ; Erwärmung ; Meer ; Versauerung ; Kohlendioxid ; Meeresspiegel ; Klimaänderung ; Meer ; Versauerung ; Kohlendioxid ; Erhöhung ; Erwärmung

Type of Medium: Book

Pages: IX, 110 S. , Ill., graph. Darst., Kt.

ISBN: 393619114X , 9783936191141

Uniform Title: Die Zukunft der Meere - zu warm, zu hoch, zu sauer 〈engl.〉

DDC: 360

RVK:

AR 23100

Language: English , German

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Book

Die Zukunft der Meere - zu warm, zu hoch, zu sauer : Sondergutachten (2006)

Wissenschaftlicher Beirat der Bundesregierung Globale Umweltveränderungen [VerfasserIn]

Berlin : Wissenschaftlicher Beirat der Bundesregierung Globale Umweltveränderungen (WBGU)

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Keywords: Meer ; Meeresverschmutzung ; Klimawandel ; Zukunftsforschung ; Welt ; Umwelt ; Ökologie ; Meer ; Erwärmung ; Umweltgefährdung ; Weltproblematik ; Anpassung ; CO2 ; CO2-Speicherung ; Erderwärmung ; Fischerei ; Klima ; Klimawandel ; Koralle ; Küste ; Meer ; Meeresschtz ; Meeresökosystem ; Methan ; Methanhydrate ; Physische Geographie ; Sturm ; Versauerung ; Ökologie ; Ökosystem ; Graue Literatur ; Gutachten ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Kohlendioxid ; Meer ; Versauerung ; Erhöhung ; Meeresspiegel ; Erwärmung ; Meer ; Versauerung ; Kohlendioxid ; Meeresspiegel ; Erhöhung ; Erwärmung ; Meer ; Meeresspiegel ; Erhöhung ; Erwärmung ; Meer ; Versauerung ; Kohlendioxid

Description / Table of Contents: Neue Forschungsergebnisse zeigen, dass der ungebremste, vom Menschen verursachte Ausstoß von Kohlendioxid schwerwiegende Folgen für die Weltmeere haben wird. Die fortschreitende Erwärmung zum Einen und die Versauerung der Meere zum Anderen bedrohen die Meeresumwelt sowie die durch Überfischung ohnehin schon geschwächten Fischbestände. Durch den Anstieg des Meeresspiegels sind die Küsten zunehmend Überflutungs- und Wirbelsturmrisiken ausgesetzt. Um die Nachteile für Menschen und Ökosysteme in Grenzen zu halten, müssen neue Wege im Küstenschutz beschritten, Meeresschutzgebiete eingerichtet sowie Regelungen für den Umgang mit Flüchtlingen aus gefährdeten Küstengebieten beschlossen werden. Diese Maßnahmen können jedoch nur erfolgreich sein, wenn die globale Erwärmung und die Versauerung der Meere deutlich begrenzt werden. Ein ambitionierter Klimaschutz ist daher eine entscheidende Voraussetzung für erfolgreichen Meeres- und Küstenschutz.

Type of Medium: Book

Pages: 114 Seiten , Illustrationen, Diagramme , 27 cm

Edition: 1. Auflage

ISBN: 9783936191134 , 3936191131

URL: http://www.gbv.de/dms/goettingen/511240368.pdf

URL: https://swbplus.bsz-bw.de/bsz254269974inh.htm

URL: http://www.wbgu.de/sondergutachten/sg-2006-die-zukunft-der-meere/

DDC: 577.7

RVK:

AR 23100

RVK:

AR 22170

RVK:

RB 10405

Language: German

Note: Literaturverzeichnis: Seite 103 - 114

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Die Zukunft der Meere - zu warm, zu hoch, zu sauer : Sondergutachten (2006)

Schubert, Renate [VerfasserIn] 1955-

Berlin : Wissenschaftlicher Beirat d. Bundesregierung Globale Umweltveränderungen

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Keywords: Meer ; Meeresverschmutzung ; Klimawandel ; Zukunftsforschung ; Welt ; Anpassung ; CO2 ; CO2-Speicherung ; Erderwärmung ; Fischerei ; Klima ; Klimawandel ; Koralle ; Küste ; Meer ; Meeresschtz ; Meeresökosystem ; Methan ; Methanhydrate ; Physische Geographie ; Sturm ; Versauerung ; Ökologie ; Ökosystem ; Meer ; Versauerung ; Kohlendioxid ; Meeresspiegel ; Erhöhung ; Erwärmung

Type of Medium: Online Resource

Pages: Online-Ressource (130 S.) , Ill.

Edition: [Elektronische Ressource]

URL: http://www.wbgu.de/fileadmin/templates/dateien/veroeffentlichungen/sondergutachten/sn2006/wbgu_sn2006.pdf

URL: http://epub.sub.uni-hamburg.de/epub/volltexte/2011/10481/

URL: https://external.dandelon.com/download/attachments/dandelon/ids/DE011BC77DF0A47A487E8C125738A002E54EF.pdf

DDC: 577.7

RVK:

AR 23100

RVK:

RB 10405

RVK:

AR 22170

Language: German

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GEOMAR CATALOGUE

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Online Resource

Future Bioenergy and Sustainable Land Use. (2009)

Schubert, Renate.

Oxford :Taylor & Francis Group,

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Keywords: Land use -- Environmental aspects. ; Electronic books.

Type of Medium: Online Resource

Pages: 1 online resource (393 pages)

Edition: 1st ed.

ISBN: 9781849774505

URL: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/geomar/detail.action?docID=483796

DDC: 333.9539

Language: English

Note: Cover -- Future Bioenergy and SustainableLand Use -- Copyright -- Council Staff and Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Boxes -- Tables -- Figures -- Acronyms and Abbreviations -- Summary for policy-makers -- Global bioenergy policy for sustainable development: WBGU's guiding vision -- 1 Present use and future potential of bioenergy -- 2 Risks and undesirable developments arising from unregulated bioenergy expansion -- 3 Sustainable bioenergy pathways: WBGU's findings -- Production of biomass for use as energy: What are the key issues? -- Conversion, end-use application and system integration: What are the best ways of using bioenergy? -- Energy crops as bridging technology -- 4 Research recommendations for sustainable bioenergy use -- 5 Recommendations for action: Components of a sustainable bioenergy policy -- 5.1 Making bioenergy a consistent part of international climate policy -- 5.2 Introducing standards and certification for bioenergy and sustainable land use -- 5.3 Sustainably regulating competition among uses -- 5.4 Making targeted use of bioenergy promotion policies -- 5.5 Harnessing the sustainable bioenergy potential in developing and newly industrializing countries -- 5.6 Building structures for a sustainable global bioenergy policy -- 5.7 Conceiving of global land-use management as a challenge of the future -- Chapter 1. Introduction -- Chapter 2. Motives for deploying bioenergy -- 2.1 Current discourses on bioenergy -- 2.2 Sustainable global energy systems and land-use systems -- 2.2.1 Bioenergy, energy system transformation and climate change mitigation -- 2.2.2 Bioenergy, energy system transformation and energy poverty -- 2.2.3 Specific properties of biomass -- Chapter 3. Sustainability constraints upon bioenergy -- 3.1 Ecological sustainability -- 3.1.1 Guard rail for climate protection -- 3.1.2 Guard rail for biosphere conservation. , 3.1.3 Guard rail for soil protection -- 3.1.4 Additional ecological sustainability requirements -- 3.2 Socioeconomic sustainability -- 3.2.1 Guard rail for securing access to sufficient food -- 3.2.2 Guard rail for securing access to modern energy services -- 3.2.3 Guard rail for avoiding health risks through energy use -- 3.2.4 Additional socioeconomic sustainability requirements -- 3.3 Conclusion -- Chapter 4. Bioenergy, land use and energy systems: Situation and trends -- 4.1 Bioenergy in the global energy system -- 4.1.1 Current bioenergy use -- 4.1.1.1 Bioenergy in the global energy system -- 4.1.1.2 Use of bioheat and bio-electricity in the energy system -- 4.1.1.3 Use of biofuels -- 4.1.2 Current bioenergy promotion policy -- 4.2 Global land cover and land use -- 4.2.1 Global land cover -- 4.2.2 Global land use -- 4.2.3 The influence of land-use changes on ecosystem services -- 4.2.3.1 Conversion of forest -- 4.2.3.2 Conversion of wetlands -- 4.2.3.3 Conversion of grassland -- 4.2.3.4 Conversion of arable land -- 4.2.4 Summing up -- Chapter 5. Competing uses -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Competition with food and feed production -- 5.2.1 Introduction -- 5.2.2 Growing food supply and rising demand -- 5.2.3 Challenges arising from changed dietary habits -- 5.2.3.1 A summary of individual foods: Global trends -- 5.2.3.2 Land requirements of dietary habits and foods -- 5.2.3.3 Additional land requirements as a result of changing dietary habits -- 5.2.4 Limits to potential food production -- 5.2.4.1 Potentially available land and soil degradation -- 5.2.4.2 Climate change impacts on production potential -- 5.2.5 Impacts of the bioenergy boom on food security -- 5.2.5.1 The four dimensions of food security -- 5.2.5.2 The influence of the bioenergy boom on prices and incomes -- 5.2.6 Summary: Ways to defuse competition for land use. , 5.3 Using biomass as an industrial feedstock -- 5.3.1 Feedstock use of plant raw materials (excluding wood) in Germany -- 5.3.2 Feedstock use of forestry products -- 5.3.3 Cascade use -- 5.3.4 The outlook for material production without oil, gas and coal -- 5.4 Competition with biological diversity -- 5.4.1 Competition between energy crop cultivation and existing protected areas -- 5.4.2 Competition between energy crops and natural ecosystems outside protected areas -- 5.4.3 Competition between energy crops and the conservation of biological diversity in agricultural areas -- 5.4.4 The cross-cutting issue of climate change -- 5.4.5 Conclusions -- 5.5 Land-use options for climate change mitigation -- 5.5.1 Forests and climate change mitigation -- 5.5.1.1 Avoiding deforestation and forest degradation -- 5.5.1.2 Afforestation -- 5.5.1.3 Forest management, sustainable forestry -- 5.5.2 Agriculture and climate change mitigation -- 5.5.3 Climate change mitigation through the use of long-lived biomass products -- 5.5.4 Conclusions -- 5.6 Competing use of soil and water -- 5.6.1 Soil degradation and desertification -- 5.6.2 Overuse of freshwater resources -- 5.6.3 Conclusion: Integrate energy crop cultivation into sustainable soil and water management -- Chapter 6. Modelling global energy crop potential -- 6.1 Previous appraisals of bioenergy potential -- 6.1.1 Bioenergy potentials in the recent literature -- 6.1.2 Summary and evaluation -- 6.2 Global land-use models: The state of scientific knowledge -- 6.2.1 Effects and impacts of human land use -- 6.2.2 Typology of global models of land use and landuse change -- 6.3 Description of the model -- 6.3.1 Methods used in the model -- 6.3.1.1 Modelling plant productivity -- 6.3.1.2 Agriculture in LPJmL -- 6.3.1.3 Modelling the cultivation of energy crops -- 6.3.1.4 Comparison with measured data. , 6.3.1.5 Calculation of global bioenergy potential -- 6.3.2 Data sets used in the model -- 6.3.2.1 Climate change and climate data -- 6.3.2.2 Land-use data -- 6.4 Model assumptions and scenarios -- 6.4.1 Climate models and emissions scenarios -- 6.4.2 Irrigation scenarios -- 6.4.3 Scenarios for the calculation of biomass potentials -- 6.4.3.1 Scenarios for securing food production -- 6.4.3.2 Scenarios for nature conservation -- 6.4.3.3 Scenarios for greenhouse gas emissions from landuse changes -- 6.5 Results of the modelling of the global potential of energy crops -- 6.5.1 Influence of the climate models and emissions scenarios -- 6.5.2 Influence of the compensation period -- 6.5.3 Bioenergy potentials for four scenarios -- 6.5.4 Geographical distribution of possible land for energy crop cultivation -- 6.5.5 Biomass yields for trees and grasses -- 6.6 Key uncertainties in the modelling -- 6.6.1 Quality of the climate data -- 6.6.2 Response of plants and ecosystems to climate change -- 6.6.3 Availability of water and nutrients -- 6.6.4 Development of energy crop yields -- 6.6.5 Land-use data -- 6.6.6 Future irrigation possibilities -- 6.7 Regional survey -- 6.7.1 Latin America and the Caribbean -- 6.7.2 China and neighbouring countries -- 6.7.3 Pacific Asia -- 6.7.4 South Asia and India -- 6.7.5 Sub-Saharan Africa -- 6.7.6 Community of Independent States (CIS) -- 6.8 Interpretation and conclusions -- Chapter 7. Biomass cultivation and conversion to energy -- 7.1 Cultivation systems for biomass production as energy resource -- 7.1.1 Energy crop cultivation in monoculture -- 7.1.1.1 Perennial crops in the tropics -- 7.1.1.2 Rotational crops in temperate latitudes -- 7.1.1.3 Perennial crops in temperate latitudes -- 7.1.2 Short-rotation plantations (SRPs) -- 7.1.3 Agroforestry -- 7.1.4 Permanent grassland and pastures. , 7.1.5 Forests as biomass producers -- 7.1.5.1 Biomass use in tropical forests -- 7.1.5.2 Biomass use in temperate forests -- 7.1.5.3 Biomass use in boreal forests -- 7.1.6 Summary evaluation of currently predominant cultivation systems -- 7.2 Technical and economic analysis and appraisal of bioenergy pathways -- 7.2.1 Overview of energy conversion options -- 7.2.2 Energy conversion technologies -- 7.2.2.1 Combustion and thermochemical processes -- 7.2.2.2 Physical-chemical processes -- 7.2.2.3 Biochemical conversion -- 7.2.3 Efficiencies of various modern conversion processes -- 7.2.3.1 Overview of the bioenergy pathways investigated -- 7.2.3.2 Efficiencies -- 7.2.4 Efficiencies of various traditional conversion processes -- 7.2.5 Economic analysis and assessment of conversion processes -- 7.2.5.1 Production costs of modern conversion processes -- 7.2.5.2 Discussion of future developments of bioenergy pathway costs -- 7.3 Greenhouse gas balances -- 7.3.1 Life-cycle assessment methodology -- 7.3.2 Greenhouse gas balances of selected bioenergy pathways -- Chapter 8. Optimizing bioenergy integration and deployment in energy systems -- 8.1 Bioenergy as a part of sustainable energy supply in industrialized countries -- 8.1.1 Transforming energy systems for improved energy efficiency and climate change mitigation -- 8.1.1.1 Transformation components -- 8.1.1.2 Transforming energy systems by combining the components -- 8.1.2 The role of bioenergy in the sustainable energy supply of industrialized countries -- 8.1.2.1 Bioenergy for transport: Bio-electricity versus biofuels -- 8.1.2.2 Bioenergy for central and decentral heat supply -- 8.1.2.3 Bioenergy for electricity generation: Control energy and cogeneration -- 8.1.2.4 Overall assessment of bioenergy in industrialized countries. , 8.1.2.5 Stages en route to sustainable bioenergy use in industrialized countries.

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GEOMAR EBL

Fulltext

Electronic Resource

Scenario-Based Risk Assessment of Multi-Use Chemicals: Application to Solvents (2001)

Scheringer, Martin ; Vögl, Thomas ; Von Grote, Julia ; [et al.]

Boston, USA and Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishers Inc.

Risk analysis 21 (2001), S. 0

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ISSN: 1539-6924

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering

Notes: The risk through chemical exposure is commonly characterized by ratios of exposure concentrations and effect levels (risk quotients). For chemicals with many different applications such as solvents, however, in addition to the risk quotients of different exposure situations it is useful to determine the corresponding numbers of exposed individuals, that is, not only the magnitude but also the extent of the risk. To this end, the Scenario-Based Risk Assessment (SceBRA) method has been developed that makes use of a large set of scenarios, each of which describes a typical situation regarding handling a solvent or solvent-containing product. The scenarios cover the life-cycle steps of production, distribution, and use of solvents. For each scenario, SceBRA provides the risk quotient, r, and the number of exposed individuals, N. This study investigated seven solvents that are used in large amounts in Switzerland. For each solvent, characteristic distributions of r and N values were calculated, making it possible to compare different solvents with respect to their risk profile. Graphical representations of the r, N data provide an informative way for analyzing and communicating the results of SceBRA.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/0272-4332.213127

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