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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Anaesthesia 59 (2004), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Alterations of electrolytes and albumin cause metabolic acid-base disorders. It is unclear, however, to what degree these plasma components affect the overall metabolic acid-base state in the course of critical illness. We performed serial analyses of the metabolic acid-base state in 30 critically ill patients over the course of 1 week. We applied a physical–chemical acid-base model and used a linear regression model to determine the influence of sodium, chloride, unmeasured anions and albumin on the net metabolic acid-base state. Progressive hypochloraemia was identified as the main cause of developing metabolic alkalosis. Changes in serum chloride and unmeasured anions were responsible for changes of 41% and 22% in the metabolic acid-base state, respectively. Sodium and albumin played a minor role. In conclusion, chloride is the major determinant of metabolic acid-base state in critical illness.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz 42 (1999), S. 310-310 
    ISSN: 1437-1588
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 69 (1991), S. 426-429 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Hemolysis ; Triglycerides ; Hyperlipidemia ; Microcirculation ; Diffuse intravascular coagulation ; Acute renal failure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In 27 (78%) of 36 patients with massive hemolysis (defined as a fall in hematocrit of more than 12% within 12 h due to intravascular red cell destruction), hypertriglyceridemia (plasma triglycerides 〉 175 mg/dl) was present or appeared within two days after the hemolytic crisis. Eighteen subjects with triglycerides exceeding 300 mg/dl (peak 516 ± 39 mg/dl) were further analyzed. The development of hyperlipidemia was independent of the etiology of hemolysis (microangiopathic hemolytic disease 7, toxicemia 3, parainfectious complications 3, autoimmune hemolysis 2, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency 2). Factors known to increase plasma triglycerides, such as shock, infections, or pancreatitis, were present in only a few cases. Hemolysis-associated complications were activation of intravascular coagulation (16), coma (13), acute renal failure (13), and respiratory insufficiency (5), organ dysfunctions indicating diffuse microvascular injury. Plasma triglycerides fell within a few days if the cause of red cell destruction was eliminated. In 5 of the 8 patients presenting with triglycerides below 175 mg/dl, severe hepatic dysfunction was present. We conclude that hemolysis causes transient hyperlipidemia, either directly by red cell destruction or indirectly by inducing intravascular coagulation, and possibly due to both increased triglyceride synthesis and decreased catabolism.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 64 (1986), S. 615-618 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Fructose ; Hyperlactemia ; Hyperosmolar syndromes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Severe hyperlactemia of 8.7, 8.6 and 7.9 mmol/l, respectively, developed in three patients with hyperosmolar syndromes (two hypernatremic, 417 and 415 mosmol/kg H2O; one hyperglycemic 437 mosmol/kg H2O) during rehydration treatment with 5% fructose in water (fructose dosage 0.5 g/kg body wt. per hour). After resolution of the electrolyte disturbances, the infusion of fructose at the same dosage increased the plasma lactate concentration in two of the patients to 4.9 and 4.0 mmol/l, indicating near normalization of hepatic lactate utilization. Thus, in addition to peripheral insulin resistance and decreased muscular glucose utilization, the hyperosmolar state is associated with a reduced tolerance to fructose. This is most likely due to an osmolality-dependent impairment of hepatic gluconeogenesis. In rehydration therapy for hyperosmolar syndromes, fructose-containing infusion solutions should no longer be used.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1433-0474
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Keuchhustendiagnostik ; Pertussis-PCR ; Ringversuch ; Key words Diagnosis of whooping cough ; Pertussis-PCR ; External quality control
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Objective: Cultural detection of Bordetella pertussis is not very helpful in the management of patients with whooping cough, since culture takes three to five days until results are available, and only about 30–60% of patients may be detected by this method. In order to improve the laboratory diagnosis of whooping cough, different protocols for the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were developed. Methods: The German National Reference Laboratory for pertussis has initiated a multi-center study in order to compare the sensitivity and specificity of different protocols for pertussis-PCR. Results: Fourteen of fifteen participating laboratories have reported acceptable results. The detection limit was shown 10–100 colony-forming-units (CFU)/swab and it was, thus, 10 times more sensitive than cultural detection. Four percent of false positive PCR-results were reported. Conclusions: The polymerase chain reaction is an improved tool to diagnose whooping cough. False positive test results are due to cross reaction or contamination. Therefore PCR should only be applied by highly experienced molecular biological laboratories, who participate in an intensive program of external quality control.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Fragestellung: Der kulturelle Nachweis von Bordetella pertussis ist für Kinderärzte wenig hilfreich, da die Erregeranzüchtung nur bei 30–60% der Keuchhustenpatienten gelingt und das Ergebnis frühestens nach 3–5 Tagen vorliegt. Zur Verbesserung der Keuchhustendiagnostik sind verschiedene Polymerasekettenreaktionsprotokolle (PCR-Protokolle) entwickelt worden. Methode: Das Nationale Referenzzentrum Pertussis hat einen Ringversuch initiiert mit dem Ziel, die Leistungsfähigkeit der verschiedenen PCR-Protokolle zu vergleichen. Ergebnisse: Von 15 teilnehmenden Laboratorien haben 14 die Anforderungen des Ringversuchs erfüllt. Die Nachweisgrenze der Pertussis-PCR lag bei 10–100 koloniebildenden Einheiten/Tupfer. Die PCR war damit um mindestens 1 Zehnerpotenz empfindlicher als der kulturelle Nachweis. Die Rate der falsch-positiven Befunde betrug 4%. Schlußfolgerungen: Die Pertussis-PCR ist eine hochempfindliche Methode, die für die klinische Routinediagnostik des Keuchhustens empfohlen werden kann. Wegen der Möglichkeit falsch-positiver Befunde durch Kreuzreaktionen oder Kontaminationen gehört diese Methode, wie alle PCR-Verfahren, zwingend in die Hände erfahrener und qualifizierter Laborspezialisten. Zudem sollten alle PCR-Laboratorien, die Routinediagnostik betreiben, verpflichtet werden, an Ringversuchen teilzunehmen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1433-0407
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Annals of hematology 63 (1991), S. 39-41 
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: Hemolysis ; Pancreatitis ; Microcirculation ; Diffuse intravascular coagulation ; Acute renal failure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Forty cases of hemolysis (drop of hematocrit 〉 12%/12 h) were retrospectively analyzed for hyperamylasemia and pancreatic complications. In 15 subjects the serum amylase level was 〉 360 U/l, i.e., three times the normal range, in ten the amylase level exceeded 900 U/l. Excluding patients in circulatory shock and/or hepatic coma, acute pancreatitis as defined by an elevation of serum amylase and clinical signs (epigastric pain) was present in four, with additional ultrasound findings (pancreatic swelling) and/or laparatomy/postmortem findings in a further six subjects (total ten patients = 25%) with various causes of hemolysis: autoimmune hemolysis 2, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia 2, toxicemia, G-6-PDH deficiency, septic abortion, malaria, Wilson's disease, and hypophosphatemia, one case each. In all subjects acute renal failure and in seven an activation of intravascular coagulation was seen. Three patients died (33% vs 47% of all hyperamylasemic patients and 46% of the whole group), but none of the deaths was attributed to pancreatitis. Pancreatic postmortem findings were diffuse edema and patchy parenchymal necrosis in two cases and petechial bleeding in one case. We conclude that acute pancreatitis is a complication of massive hemolysis, occurring at a prevalence of above 20%. It may progress from diffuse edema and inflammation to focal necrosis, rarely if ever to gross hemorrhage, and does not contribute to the high mortality of massive hemolysis. Back pain in hemolysis might originate from the pancreas rather than from the kidneys.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Liver cirrhosis ; ICU ; APACHE ; ROC curve
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective To find the most adequate prognostic scoring system for predicting ICU-outcome in patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis in a medical intensive care unit (ICU). Design Retrospective analysis of patients' records over a 10-year period. Setting A medical ICU at the university medical center of Vienna.Patients and participants: 94% (n=198) of all patients with cirrhosis admitted to our medical ICU throughout the 10-year study period. Interventions None. Measurements and results From data obtained at admission and at 48 h after admission, scores were calculated using the following scoring systems: Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II and III, Scale for Composite Clinical and Laboratory Index Scoring (CCLI), Mayo Risk Score, and Child's Classification. Statistical analysis for the prognostic variables was performed using the chi-square test,t-test, Youden index, and area under a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. APACHE III was found to be the most reliable outcome predictor at admission and after 48 h for patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis (AUC=0.75 and 0.8, respectively). Conclusions To predict the outcome for patients with decompensated cirrhosis of the liver admitted to a medical ICU liver failure alone is not decisive. Liver-specific scoring systems (Mayo Risk Score, CCLI) are adequate, but the APACHE II and III proved to be more powerful, because they include additional physiologic parameters and therefore also take into account additional complications associated with this liver disorder.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Key words Liver cirrhosis ; ICU ; APACHE ; ROC curve
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: To find the most adequate prognostic scoring system for predicting ICU-outcome in patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis in a medical intensive care unit (ICU). Design: Retrospective analysis of patients‘ records over a 10-year period. Setting: A medical ICU at the university medical center of Vienna. Patients and participants: 94% (n=198) of all patients with cirrhosis admitted to our medical ICU throughout the 10-year study period. Interventions: None. Measurements and results: From data obtained at admission and at 48 h after admission, scores were calculated using the following scoring systems: Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II and III, Scale for Composite Clinical and Laboratory Index Scoring (CCLI), Mayo Risk Score, and Child‘s Classification. Statistical analysis for the prognostic variables was performed using the chi-square test, t-test, Youden index, and area under a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. APACHE III was found to be the most reliable outcome predictor at admission and after 48 h for patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis (AUC=0.75 and 0.8, respectively). Conclusions: To predict the outcome for patients with decompensated cirrhosis of the liver admitted to a medical ICU liver failure alone is not decisive. Liver-specific scoring systems (Mayo Risk Score, CCLI) are adequate, but the APACHE II and III proved to be more powerful, because they include additional physiologic parameters and therefore also take into account additional complications associated with this liver disorder.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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