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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Chirurg 69 (1998), S. 450-454 
    ISSN: 1433-0385
    Keywords: Key words: Pelvic carcinoma ; Total pelvic exenteration ; Urinary diversion ; Ileal conduit ; Continent reconstruction. ; Schlüsselwörter: Carcinome des kleinen Beckens ; totale pelvine Exenteration ; Rekonstruktionen der Urinableitung ; Ileumconduit ; kontinente Harnableitung.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung. Zwischen 1988 und 1996 wurde in unserer Abteilung bei 18 Patienten mit einem Durchschnittsalter von 59,8 Jahren eine totale pelvine Exenteration vorgenommen. Die Nachbeobachtungszeit betrug im Mittel 29,8 Monate. In 10 Fällen lag ursächlich das Rezidiv eines Carcinoms der Beckenorgane vor. Siebenmal fand sich ein Primärtumor des Rectums, der Blase bzw. der Prostata. Bei einem Patienten führte eine radiogene Rectumblasenfistel zu dem Eingriff. Die Darmkontinuität konnte in 7 Fällen wiederhergestellt werden. Nach Cystektomie wurde die Urinableitung in der Hälfte der Operationen (n = 9) durch Bildung eines Ileumconduits rekonstruiert. Die Hospitalletalität betrug bei 2 Todesfällen infolge eines septischen Multiorganversagens 11%. In 82% war eine komplette (R0) Resektion möglich. Allerdings entwickelte sich im weiteren Verlauf bei 5 Patienten (29%) ein erneutes Rezidiv. Innerhalb von 8 bzw. 9 Monaten traten bei 3 Patienten Fernmetastasen auf. Die mittlere Überlebenszeit der bislang 10 verstorbenen Patienten betrug 28,9 Monate (5–99 Monate). Die verbliebenen 6 Patienten leben nunmehr zwischen 22 und 36 Monaten nach der Exenteration, die somit trotz der Größe des Eingriffs, der eine multidisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit erfordert, und der psychologischen Probleme auch bei der Akzeptanz zumeist zweier permanenter Stomata ihre Berechtigung im Rahmen eines onkologischen Gesamtkonzepts bei der Behandlung lokal fortgeschrittener oder rezidivierender Carcinome des kleinen Beckens findet.
    Notes: Summary. From 1988 to 1996 we performed 18 total pelvic exenterations in patients with an average age of 59,8 years who could be followed up for a mean 29.8 months. In 10 cases a recurrent tumor of the pelvic viscera and 7 times a primary carcinoma of the rectum, bladder or prostate were treated. In 1 patient a radiogenic fistula led to this operation. Intestinal continuity could be reconstructed in 7 cases. Following cystectomy, urinary diversion was accomplished in half of the cases by an ileal conduit. Due to septic multiorgan failure 2 patients died postoperatively (hospital mortality rate 11%). In 82% a complete resection (R0) was possible. Subsequently 5 patients (29%) developed tumor recurrence. Distant metastases were observed in 3 patients, 8–9 months after surgery. So far 10 further patients have died. Their mean survival time was 28.9 months (range 5–99 months). The remaining 6 patients are still alive between 22 and 36 months postoperatively. Despite the extent of this kind of major surgery, which also requires multidisciplinary cooperation, and the psychosocial problems resulting from two permanent stomas, total pelvic exenteration should be regarded as an adequate alternative in the treatment plan in selected patients with locally advanced or recurrent pelvic disease.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1433-0563
    Keywords: Key words Exenterative surgery • Urinary diversion • Gynecological tumors ; Schlüsselwörter Exenteration • Harnableitung • ; Gynäkologische Tumoren
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei fortgeschrittenen oder rezidivierenden Tumorerkrankungen der weiblichen Genitalorgane ist die pelvine exenterative Resektion dann anzustreben, wenn eine lokale Tumorinfiltration des unteren Harntraktes vorhanden ist und wenn eine Strahlentherapie mit kurativer Zielsetzung als Alternative nicht mehr zur Verfügung steht. Bei der Planung des operativen Vorgehens muß die Resektion und Rekonstruktion der betroffenen ableitenden Harnorgane mit in das gynäkologische Therapiekonzept einbezogen werden. In der vorliegenden Serie war bei 11/32 Patientinnen die Rekonstruktion der ableitenden Harnwege möglich, so daß die Harnblase mit ausreichender Funktion erhalten werden konnte. Zur Harnableitung nach vorderer Exenteration wurde bei 17/32 Patientinnen ein kontinentes Harnreservoir gewählt und bei 4/17 Patientinnen ein Ileumkonduit. Nur bei Anlage eines kontinenten Harnreservoirs war aufgrund von Komplikationen in 5 Fällen eine operative Reintervention erforderlich. Bei diesen Patientinnen bestand ein Zustand nach primärer Strahlentherapie des gynäkologischen Tumors. Bei weiteren 11 Patientinnen nach einer primären Strahlentherapie traten keine Komplikationen auf. 9 der 32 Patientinnen haben den operativen Eingriff mit einer durchschnittlichen Überlebenszeit von 40,8 (25–57) Monaten bislang tumorfrei überlebt. Kontinente Harnreservoire stellen im Rahmen einer pelvinen exenterativen Maßnahme eine exzellente Möglichkeit dar, den damit verbundenen Ausfall an Körperfunktionen zu ersetzen. Aufgrund der häufig sehr komplexen Verhältnisse v. a. infolge vorausgegangener umfangreicher therapeutischer Maßnahmen ist aber eine strenge Selektion der Patientinnen unverzichtbare Voraussetzung.
    Notes: Summary In locally advanced or recurrent tumors of the female genital tract anterior or total exenteration may be mandatory in case of tumor invasion into the lower urinary tract or if a second course of radiation therapy is not feasible. The management of resection and reconstruction of the affected lower urinary tract has to be well integrated into the gynecological therapeutic concept. In 11/32 patients the reconstruction of the partially resected lower urinary tract was feasible with preservation of a functionally intact urinary bladder. Urinary diversion following pelvic exenteration was achieved in 13/17 patients with a continent urinary reservoir and in 4/17 patients with an ileal conduit. Operative reinterventions were needed only in patients with continent urinary diversion in 5 cases. All these patients had a past history of primary radiation therapy of their gynecological tumor. In the remaining other 11 patients with a history of primary radiation therapy no complications occurred. 9 of 32 patients survived the operative procedure 40,8 (25–57) month with no evidence of recurrent tumor. Continent urinary diversion represents an excellent therapeutic option for replacement of function lost due to exenterative pelvic surgery. Stringent selection of patients is mandatory to consider the presented therapeutic concept a reasonable tool in the management of the described clinical situations.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Urologe 38 (1999), S. 321-322 
    ISSN: 1433-0563
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1434-0879
    Keywords: Transitional cell carcinoma ; Rb ; p53 ; c-myc
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Recent investigations have demonstrated p53 and Rb alterations in a subset of transitional cell carcinoma (TCC). Further genetic changes during tumor progression include overexpression of the c-myc gene in a significant number of mainly invasive bladder tumors. To study the possible interactions between these genes in TCC, urothelial cancer cell lines were chosen as an in vitro model. Expression and mutation of p53 was studied in 15 bladder cancer cell lines by immunocytochemistry, Western blot, polymerase chain reaction single-strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) analysis and direct sequencing of double stranded PCR products of exons 4, 5, 7 and 8 of genomic DNA. C-myc expression and gene structure were studied using Northern and Southern blot techniques. Rb protein expression was analyzed by Western blot. Twelve of 15 cell lines showed either p53 mutations or abnormal protein expression. Consistent with previous studies, five cell lines did not express Rb protein. None of the cell lines studied retained both tumor suppressor genes in a functional form. The c-myc gene appeared to be intact in all cell lines and copy numbers were close to normal. Northern analysis demonstrated that all cell lines expressed c-myc mRNA but evidence for altered regulation was found in at least two cell lines. Our data suggest that amplification or translocation are not the underlying mechanism for c-myc overexpression in urothelial tumors. No correlation between loss of Rb protein and c-myc expression was observed. The results presented here for the cell lines match well those obtained in vivo. Thus, these cell lines may provide a suitable model for further analysis of molecular alterations in urothelial cancer.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1433-8726
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In recent years, the value of prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) as a tumor marker for early prostatic cancer (CaP) has been the subject of controversial discussion. Investigation of sera from patients with pathohistologically proven localized CaP and from those with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) has demonstrated a lack of discrimination between these groups of patients. Earlier investigations have demonstrated that the turnover rate of PAP in a conventional enzyme immunoassay (EIA) was limited by the release of the phosphate from the active center of the enzyme. However, a transfer of the activated phosphate on n-butanol or n-pentanol could increase the turnover rate to about 150%. Based on these observations 1-butanol was added to a solid-phase direct EIA in order to increase the sensitivity. PAP was assayed in 177 healthy male donors, 33 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia and 33 patients with CaP. In 10 out of 21 patients with localized CaP (T1-3N0M0), the tumor stage was based on pathohistological examination. The upper limit of discriminative normal value was set at 0.65 μg/l. The values of normal donors ranged between 0.07 and 0.6 μg/l (mean 0.27 μg/l), while the values for patients with BPH were slightly higher (mean 0.5 μg/l). Only one patient with BPH had an elevated serum level (0.7 μg/l). Out of 33 patients with CaP, 31 were found to have PAP values higher than 0.65 μg/l. In one patient with CaP, pT2pN0M0 and one other patient with CaP T1N0M0, serum PAP levels were slightly lower than 0.65 μg/l. This study indicates that an increase in the sensitivity of PAP determination might yield a valuable tool even in the diagnosis of early CaP.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    World journal of urology 9 (1991), S. 198-203 
    ISSN: 1433-8726
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Although renal cell carcinoma (RCC) can now be diagnosed earlier owing to the availability of modern imaging techniques, so that the prognosis is better than earlier, further improvement is necessary, as is the development of new and effective forms of treatment. The question of hybridoma technology and whether it can profitably be applied in the diagnosis and treatment of RCC is addressed in this paper. It is concluded that further efforts are needed before new diagnostic and therapeutic concepts that can improve the prognosis of patients substantially can be developed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    World journal of urology 12 (1994), S. 63-63 
    ISSN: 1433-8726
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1433-8726
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Recent investigations have demonstrated alterations of the p53 tumor-suppressor gene in a considerable number of transitional-cell carcinoma (TCC) specimens. Thus far, these investigations have been restricted to either papillary TCC or invasive bladder cancer. To obtain further information on a possible involvement of p53 in bladder cancer development or tumor progression, investigations of precursor lesions and early stages of this disease are required. Immunohistochemical examination of 6 dysplasias and 24 carcinomas in situ (TIS) showed p53 accumulation, which is suggestive of p53 inactivation, in 2 (33%) and 9 (38%) of these specimens, respectively. This ratio was similar in 9 T1 lesions (33%) and in 14 cases of muscle-infiltrative disease (35%). In papillary tumors, p53 accumulation was observed exclusively in 3/10 moderately differentiated or high-grade lesions but not in 1 Ta G1 tumor. The expression of p53 accumulation was a consistent finding. The examination of tumor recurrences yielded either the presence or the absence of p53 overexpression in the primary and recurrent tumors of 7/8 patients. Similarily, in multifocal TCC, p53 accumulation was also either present or absent in 10/11 cases examined. These results suggest the existence of at least two different subgroups of TCC, with p53 accumulation being present in one of these groups. The observation of p53 accumulation in dysplasia and in TIS is a prerequisite for a possible involvement of p53 in bladder cancer carcinogenesis, although it does not prove this assumption.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1433-8726
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Interferons (IFN) are a class of glycoproteins which have antiviral, antiproliferative and immunomodulating properties. Three major classes of IFN are characterized today on the basis of antigenic and physical-chemical properties. They modulate various immunological functions and can be characterized as biological response modifiers. In addition, they have direct cytotoxic effects on tumor cells. Since 1978, interferons have been in clinical use as antineoplastic agents in patients with superficial bladder tumors. The first reports on the treatment of superficial bladder tumors with natural IFN preparations offered encouraging results. Recently published data with systemically applied recombinant IFN alpha-2, however, did not confirm the good results previously reported. One of the reasons for these conflicting results might be the different types of IFN alpha used. Since laboratory results have demonstrated that reduction of the tumor cell multiplication rate can be influenced by the concentration of IFN, topical application, e.g. in the therapy of superficial bladder carcinoma, may offer more promising results in comparison to systemic application. Further knowledge on the immunomodulatory and anticellular mechanisms is needed in order to allow a successful application of IFN in the treatment of cancer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1433-8726
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Recent molecular biology investigations have demonstrated that tumor progression and dissemination in bladder cancer is a highly complicated phenomenon, consisting of multiple distinct steps and regulated by a great number of different genes. Some of these genes involved in the specific steps of tumor progression and dissemination have been identified. Several oncogenes, e.g., the epithelial growth factor receptor (EGF-R), and tumor-suppressor genes, e.g., the p53 gene, have been found to correlate significantly with tumor progression. The decreased expression of cell-adhesion molecules such as E-cadherin appears to facilitate tumor-cell detachment in the primary tumor, whereas expression of the intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 might be of relevance for cell attachment at the metastatic site. Tumor invasion through the basement membrane has been correlated with a decreased expression of laminin and elevated urinary levels of acidic fibroblast growth factor. Although the complex processes related to dissemination are far from being completely understood, the finding of differential expression of distinct genes appears to provide the first targets for therapeutic intervention.
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