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  • 1
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Antibiotics ; Cefaclor ; Clindamycin ; Bone infection ; Antibiotica ; Cefaclor ; Clindamycin ; Knocheninfektion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Clindamycin (1200 mg i.v., 41 Patienten) reichert sich gut im infizierten Knochen an, Cefaclor (1000 mg oral, 17 Patienten) dagegen nicht. Die histologische Unterteilung der Knochenproben ergibt ansteigende Antibioticawerte, die sich statistisch signifikant unterscheiden, in folgenden Gruppen: Nekrotischer (1), teilnekrotischer (2) und vitaler (3) Infektknochen, gesunde Corticalis (4) und Spongiosa (5). Die Antibioticakonzentration im Knochen ist von der Knochendichte, dem Weichteil- und Blutanteil, sowie dem Ausmaß der Nekrosezonen abhängig. Alle diese Größen können histometrisch und über Gewebe-Hb-Bestimmungen emessen werden.
    Notes: Summary Clindamycin (1200 mg IV, 41 Patients) penetrates well into the infected bone; Cefaclor (1000 mg PO, 17 patients) does not. The histologic discrimination of the bone samples reveals increasing values of antibiotics in the following groups, which differ significantly statistically: Necrotic (1), partly necrotic (2) and vital (3) infected bone, intact corticalis (4), and spongiosa (5). The concentration of antibiotics in bone depends on the bone's density, its softtissues and blood content, and the presence of necrotic areas. All these data are available by histometric and tissue hemoglobin measurements.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1433-044X
    Keywords: Key words Falls • Multiple trauma • ARDS • MOF • ; Outcome ; Schlüsselwörter Absturzverletzung • Polytrauma • ARDS • MOV • Letalität
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Ziel dieser Untersuchung war, Unterschiede im klinischen Verlauf zwischen Patienten mit suizidalem (S, n = 94) bzw. akzidentellem (A, n = 117) Absturztrauma (〉 4 m) herauszuarbeiten. Die Verletzungsschwere im „Injury Severity Score“ (S: 28 ± 1; A: 30 ± 1), Beatmungsdauer (S: 16 ± 2; A: 15 ± 1 d) und Letalität (S: 18 %; A: 22 %) waren vergleichbar. Signifikante Unterschiede fanden sich in der Geschlechtsverteilung [männlich/weiblich (m/w): S: 46/54; A: 73/27 %], der Anzahl von Lendenwirbelsäulen- (S: 34; A: 15 %), Becken- (S: 51, A: 38 %), Unterschenkel- (S: 47; A: 20 %), Pilon-tibiale- (S: 15; A: 5 %) und Fersenbeinfrakturen (S: 17; A: 9 %). Leberrupturen (S: 16; A: 6 %) traten signifikant häufiger nach akzidentellem Absturz auf. Nach akzidentellem Absturztrauma wurde signifikant häufiger ein Organ/Multiorganversagen (OV/MOV) diagnostiziert (S: 1; A: 8 %). Haupttodesursache in beiden Gruppen waren das OV/MOV (S: 47; A: 69 %) und das Schädel-Hirn-Trauma (S: 35; A: 19 %). Prognose, Rehabilitation und Langzeiterfolg der polytraumatisierter Patienten nach suizidalem Absturztrauma sind demnach von den Spätfolgen der Schädel-Hirn-Verletzungen, den Wirbelsäulenfrakturen, sowie der Knochen- und Gelenkzerstörung der unteren Extremität bestimmt. Demgegenüber ist die Prognose nach einem akzidentellem Absturz weitgehend von der Entwicklung eines OV/MOV in der primären intensivmedizinischen Phase abhängig.
    Notes: Summary The aim of this study was to compare the outcome and clinical course of multiple trauma patients with accidental or intentional (suicide related) fall from heights 〉 4 m. 211 patients with an injury severity score (ISS) 〉 17 were assigned to the following groups: I: intentional fall, n = 94; A: accidental fall, n = 117) and ISS (I: 28 ± 1; A: 30 ± 1), ventilation time (I: 16 ± 2; A: 15 ± 1) were not different. Significant differences were found in sex (m/f: I: 56/44; A: 73/27 %), fractures of lumbarspine (I: 34; A: 15 %), pelvis (I: 51; A: 38 %), lower leg (I: 47; A: 20 %), pilon (I: 15; A: 5 %), and os calcis (I: 17; A: 9 %). Liver lacerations occured more often after intentional fall (I: 16; A: 6 %). Single or multiple organ failure (MOF) was diagnosed significantly more often in group A (I: 1; A: 8 %). Main cause of death in both groups was single or multiple organ failure (MOF: I: 47; A: 69 %) or related to brain-injuries (I: 35; A: 19 %). Prognosis and rehabilitation of multiple trauma patients after intentional fall is related to brain-injuries, spine-fractures and the functional outcome of the injured lower leg. Prognosis of patients after accidental fall is related to the development of MOF during the ICU-course.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1433-044X
    Keywords: Key words Multiple trauma • Femur-fracture • ; Plate-osteosynthesis • ARDS • MOF ; Schlüsselwörter Polytrauma • Oberschenkelfraktur • Plattenosteosynthese • ARDS • MOV
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei polytraumatisierten Patienten mit Femurfraktur wird bei primärer gebohrter Marknagelosteosynthese mit einer höheren Inzidenz von pulmonalen Komplikationen gerechnet, insbesondere bei begleitendem schweren Thoraxtrauma. Mit dieser Studie sollte der Einfluß der primären Oberschenkelplattenosteosynthese auf den Verlauf nach Trauma untersucht werden. 325 Patienten mit einer Verletzungsschwere im „Injury Severity Score“ (ISS) über 18 Punkte, ohne letales Schädel-Hirn-Trauma und einem Alter von 16–64 Jahre wurden in die retrospektive Studie eingeschlossen. Anhand der regionalen Verletzungsschwere im „Abbreviated Injury Scale des Thorax“ (AIS T) wurden diese Patienten in eine Gruppe ohne (AIS T 〈 3, „N“) bzw. mit Thoraxtrauma (AIS T 〉 = 3, „T“) eingeteilt. Diese Gruppen wurden unterteilt in eine Gruppe ohne schweres Extremitätentrauma (AIS E 〈 3, „0“) und eine Gruppe mit Oberschenkelfraktur und primärer (〈 24 h, „I“) Plattenosteosynthese des Femur, wodurch 4 Gruppen entstanden: N0 (n = 39, ISS 25 ± 1, Pneumonie 10 %, ARDS 5 %, Tod 10 %); NI (n = 55, ISS 27 ± 1, Pneumonie 4 %, ARDS 5 %, Tod 4 %); T0 (n = 137, ISS 28 ± 1, Pneumonie 21 %, ARDS 15 %, Tod 16 %); TI (n = 94, ISS 31 ± 1, Pneumonie 21 %, ARDS 17 %, Tod 15 %). Die primäre Plattenosteosynthese führte weder bei Patienten mit, noch bei Patienten ohne relevantes Thoraxtrauma zur Erhöhung von Letalität oder Morbidität. Im Gegensatz zu mitgeteilten Ergebnissen nach Oberschenkelmarknagelung ist die Plattenosteosynthese als definitives und komplikationsarmes Verfahren gerade bei polytraumatisierten Patienten mit schwerem Thoraxtrauma zu empfehlen.
    Notes: Summary Primary intramedullary nailing of femoral fractures is well known to increase the risk of pulmonary complications, especially in multiple-trauma patients with severe thoracic injuries. Aim of this study was to investigate the influence of primary plate ostesynthesis of femur fractures on maior complications after trauma. This retrospective study based on the records of 325 multiple trauma patients (Injury severity score ISS 〉 18, no letal brain injury, age 16–65). According to the abbreviated injury scale of the Thorax (AIS T) patients were divided in groups without (AIS T 〈 3, “N”) or with relevant thoracic injury (AIS T 〉 = 3, “T”). Both groups were additionally divided in subgroups without severe trauma to the extremities (AIS E〈 3, “0”) or primary plate-osteosynthesis of femur fractures (〈 24 h, “I”). 4 groups were performed: N0 (n = 39, ISS 25 ± 1, pneumonia 10 %, ARDS 5 %, lethality 10 %); NI (n = 55, ISS 27 ± 1, pneumonia 4 %, ARDS 5 %, lethality 4 %); T0 (n = 137, ISS 28 ± 1, pneumonia 21 %, ARDS 15 %, lethality 16 %); TI (n = 94, ISS 31 ± 1, pneumonia 21 %, ARDS 17 %, lethality 15 %). Primary plate-osteosynthesis of femur fractures did not increase lethality or incidence of pulmonary complications in patients with or without severe thoracic injuries. Also complication rate after primary plate-osteosynthesis was less compared to published results after intramedullary nailing. For this, primary plate-osteosynthesis is recommendable in case of multiple trauma with thoracic injuries.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1433-044X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Polytrauma ; Behandlungskosten ; Key words Multiple trauma ; Cost for
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Treatment costs of emergency therapy, surgery and intensive care were analysed in 20 randomly chosen, representative patients with severe multiple trauma (mean ISS 32 p). For an average stay of about 22.5 days in the ICU, the total costs were DM 106,924.36 (about 70,000 US $), which breaks down as DM 39,635.88 (=37%) for physicians and nurses, DM 67,289.08 (=63%) for materials, X-rays, laboratory investigations, drugs and blood components. The whole treatment caused daily costs of DM 4.752.22, or DM 3.30 per min. The first emergency diagnostic procedures and emergency therapy take a mean of 451.9 min from admission to the beginning of the ICU treatment and itself generates costs of about DM 12,325.99. In Germany a new system of compensation by diagnosis-related group was introduced in 1996. Therefore, these data indicate that treatment of severe multiple trauma is very expensive and trauma care could be economically by damaging for smaller hospitals. We conclude that treatment of multiply injured patients (ISS〉16 p) should be concentrated in selected trauma centres and compensated by payment of a special daily amount of about DM 5,000 (about 3,500 US $).
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Unfallchirurg 100 (1997), S. 477-482 
    ISSN: 1433-044X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Polytrauma ; Prognose ; Verlauf ; Alter ; Key words Multiple trauma ; Polytrauma ; Outcome-Age
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Multiple injuries in elderly patients are still a common problem. The present study was performed to investigate mortality and complications in multiple trauma patients aged 65 years or more. A total of 1154 multiple trauma patients with an injury severity score (ISS) of at least 18 points were divided in two age groups: Y: 16 – 64 years, n = 1022; O: 65 – 94 years, n = 132. Older patients were injured as pedestrians in most cases (69%), while younger patients were more frequently injured as car and drivers passengers (41%). ISS was comparable in both groups (Y 28±1, O 27±1). During ICU-therapy incidence of ARDS (Y 10%, O 11%), multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MOF; Y 6%, O 9%) and pneumonia (Y 17%, O 21%) were comparable. In contrast, septic complications were more frequent in older patients (Y 19%, O 27%). Length of ICU stay (Y 19±2, O 18±1) and ventilation time (Y 14±2, O 17±1) were comparable. Mortality was significantly higher in older patients (Y 15%, O 53%). The major cause of death was sepsis in older patients (Y 15%, O 31%) and MOF in younger patients (Y 54%, O 29%). In conclusion, older trauma patients had a higher mortality due to the development of septical complications.
    Notes: Die Versorgung polytraumatisierter, älterer Patienten ist aufgrund vielfältiger Probleme besonders aufwendig und mit einer hohen Letalität bei diesen Patienten verknüpft. Der Verlauf und die Prognose älterer polytraumatisierter Patienten sollte durch Vergleich mit jüngeren Patienten untersucht werden. Dazu wurden 2 Gruppen gebildet: Gruppe J: 16 – 64 Jahre, n = 1022, Gruppe A: 65 – 94 Jahre, n = 132. Ältere Patienten wurden häufiger als Fußgänger (69%), jüngere Patienten vor allem als PKW-Insassen (41%) verletzt. Die Verletzungsschwere im ISS (J: 28±1, A: 27±1) war in beiden Gruppen gleich. Im Verlauf traten ARDS (J: 10%, A: 11%), MOV (J: 6%, A: 9%) und Pneumonien (J: 17%; A: 21%) in beiden Gruppen gleichhäufig auf, während septische Komplikationen bei den älteren Patienten signifikant häufiger beobachtet wurden (J: 19%, A: 27%). Ältere Patienten verstarben signifikant häufiger (J: 16%, A: 58%) an der Sepsis (J: 15%, A: 31%), jüngere Patienten dagegen häufiger an den Folgen des Organversagens (J: 54%, A: 29%). Die Intensiv-(J: 19±2, A: 18±1) und Beatmungsdauer (J: 17±1, A: 14±2) war bei den älteren Patienten nicht verlängert. Zusammengefaßt haben ältere Patienten nach schweren Unfallverletzungen bei vergleichbarer anatomischer Verletzungsschwere eine deutlich höhere Letalität als jüngere Patienten, wobei diese auf der Entwicklung septischer Komplikationen beruht.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1433-044X
    Keywords: Key words Polytrauma • Children • Etiology • ; Distribution of injuries • Injury severity ; Schlüsselwörter Polytrauma • Kinder • Unfallart • Verletzungsmuster • Verletzungsschwere
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Unfallverletzungen bei Kindern sind für einen großen Teil der Kindersterblichkeit verantwortlich. Bleibende Schäden als Unfallfolge haben darüber hinaus soziale und volkswirtschaftliche Bedeutung. In der vorliegenden Studie sollen die Charakteristika des kindlichen Polytrauma im Vergleich mit erwachsenen Schwerstverletzten eruiert werden. Die beiden untersuchten Patientengruppen (117 Kinder zwischen 3 und 15 Jahren und 1159 Erwachsene zwischen 16 und 59 Jahren) waren bezüglich der Gesamtverletzungsschwere vergleichbar. Die Kinder verunfallten überwiegend als Fußgänger, Erwachsene vermehrt als PKW-Insassen. In der Verletzungshäufigkeit führten in beiden Gruppen Extremitätenfrakturen, in der Einzelverletzungsschwere überwogen jeweils Kopfverletzungen. Komplikationen traten bei Erwachsenen insgesamt öfter auf; Multiorganversagen (MOV) und isoliertes Leberversagen wurden ausschließlich in der Erwachsenengruppe beobachtet; Pneumonien und Lungenversagen waren ebenfalls signifikant häufiger. Beatmungsdauer und Krankenhausaufenthalt waren in der Gruppe der Erwachsenen länger. Insgesamt haben Kinder mit schweren Mehrfachverletzungen eine niedrigere Letalität als Erwachsene. Die Haupttodesursache sind Kopfverletzungen, bleibende Schäden werden vor allem durch Frakturen der unteren Extremitäten verursacht.
    Notes: Summary Multiple injuries in children are responsible for a great part of childhood mortality. Remaining handicaps after injuries have a social and economic significance. In this study, the characteristics of polytrauma in childhood are evaluated by comparison with severely injured adults. The two groups of multiple trauma patients (117 children between 3 and 15 years of age and 1159 adults between 16 and 59) were equal in the overall severity of all injuries. Children were mainly hurt as pedestrians, whereas adults had an accident more often as car passengers. The most frequently injured region were in both groups fractures of the extremities. The greatest injury severity represented head injuries in each group. Complications were seen more often in adult patients. Multiple organ failure and isolated liver failure were exclusively seen in the adult group, pneumonia and lung failure occurred significantly more often. The duration of artificial ventilation and the duration of hospital stay were prolonged in the adult group. In summary, children with multiple injuries have a lower mortality rate than adults. The main cause of death are cerebral injuries. Remaining handicaps in surviving children are most often caused by fractures of the lower extremities.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery 113 (1994), S. 285-289 
    ISSN: 1434-3916
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In a prospective controlled study, carpal tunnel tissue pressures were determined in a group of 56 patients with distal dislocated fractures of the radius at initial presentation, immediately prior to and after reduction, and 1, 2, 4, 12, and 24 h after reduction. Depending on the severity of the trauma and delay to presentation at the hospital, initial measurements revealed raised pressure averaging 23 mmHg, which further increased during reduction to 44 mmHg. After 4 h the average pressure was 37 mmHg, and it then dropped to 26 mmHg after 12 h. For anatomical reasons the median nerve is quite vulnerable in the region of the wrist joint. Chronic pressure here may cause carpal tunnel syndrome. Acute pressure in the carpal tunnel, which according to our investigations represents a distinct compartment, results in an overt compartment syndrome. The possibility of a direct relationship between markedly elevated tunnel pressure and the development of Sudeck's dystrophy is discussed.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery 120 (2000), S. 562-569 
    ISSN: 1434-3916
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In the treatment of posttraumatic contracture of the elbow joint, arthrolysis is a proven procedure. We used a stepwise operative approach starting laterally and including an additional medial and dorsal incision if needed. A total of 91 patients with arthrolysis of the elbow could be followed-up on average 44 months (range 9–102 months) joint after operative (58, 63.7%) and non-operative (33, 36.3%) fracture treatment. The mean preoperative range of motion (ROM) in flexion/extension was 49° (SD ± 38°), while in pronation/supination it was 89° (SD ± 66°). Postoperatively, the ROM was on average 94° (SD ± 27°) in flexion/extension and 129° (SD ± 52°) in pronation/supination. Using our own grading system, it became evident that most patients had a functional benefit from the procedure, although the quality of the improvement differed. For example, postoperatively 59.3% of the patients were grade I (≥ 90°) in flexion/extension compared with 16.5% preoperatively. Although the rest also showed improvements, their functional benefit was less. The earlier the release of the joints was performed, the better was the functional outcome (p 〈 0.05). The importance of an intensive early rehabilitation programme is emphasised while indications for this procedure should only be seen in compliant patients.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1434-3916
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In a prospective clinical study of 54 patients with acute anterior cruciate ligament instability, 56 artificial ligaments made of polyethylene terephthalate (Trevira hochfest) were implanted to restore knee stability. The average follow-up of these artificial knee ligaments was 40.2 (12–79) months; five implants (10%) had to be explanted due to failure after an average of 17.8 (6–50) months. All explants were examined by histological and ultrastructural methods in a device retrieval analysis. With regard to short- and medium-term artificial ligament failure in the human knee joint, a non-isometric surgical implantation technique, inappropriate strain during rehabilitation and implant fatigue and wear were responsible for ligament failures.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery 114 (1995), S. 308-318 
    ISSN: 1434-3916
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract From 1981 to 1993, 21 patients received intercalary bone allografts for reconstruction of the extremity after en bloc tumor resection (15 malignant and 6 benign tumors). The allografts were collected from multiorgan donors and cryopreserved at −70°C. The mean follow-up was 4.4 (range 1–13) years. The fate of the grafts was followed by conventional radiography, bone scintigraphy, and functional assessment. The overall survival rate of the 7 patients with high-grade malignancies was 86%. Solid union of the graft-host sites in less that 15 months occurred in 85%. An increased isotope uptake of the graft indicates that incorporation at the osteotomies as well as remodelling is still continuing at 9 years after operation. The overall complication rate was 43%; 3 patients had two or more complications. Complications were related to the allograft in 6 (infection or fatigue fracture in 1 and delayed healing in 4 cases) and to the osteosynthesis in 3 patients. The definitive results after treatment of complications show that satisfactory results have been obtained in all but 2 patients: 62% had excellent, 19% good, and 10% fair results. Intercalary allografts therefore provide a valuable solution for large skeletal defects after resection of bone tumors.
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