Note: Nuclear magnetic resonance -- Contents -- Chapter 1 NMR Books and Reviews -- 1 Books -- 2 Regular Reviews Series -- 3 Edited Books and Symposia -- 4 Reviews in Periodicals -- 5 Reviews and Books in Foreign Languages -- Chapter 2 Theoretical and Physical Aspects of Nuclear Shielding -- 1 Theoretical Aspects of Nuclear Shielding -- 1.1 General Theory -- 1.2 Ab initio Calculations -- 1.3 Semi-empirical Calculations -- 2 Physical Aspects of Nuclear Shielding -- 2.1 Anisotropy of the Shielding Tensor -- 2.2 Shielding Surfaces and Rovibrational Averaging -- 2.3 Isotope Shifts -- 2.4 Intermolecular Effects on Nuclear Shielding -- 2.5 Absolute Shielding Scales -- 3 References -- Chapter 3 Applications of Nuclear Shielding -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Various Chemical and Physical Influences on Nuclear Shielding -- 2.1 Substituent Effects -- 2.2 Conformation Effects -- 2.3 Intermolecular and Hydrogen Bonding Effects -- 2.4 Solvent Effects -- 2.5 Isotope Effects -- 3 Shielding of Particular Nuclear Species -- 3.1 Group 1 (1H, 2H, 3H, 6,7Li, 23Na, 87Rb, 133Cs) -- 3.1.1 Hydrogen (1H)(I= 1/2) -- 3.1.2 Deuterium (2H) (I = 1) -- 3.1.3 Lithium (6,7Li) (I =1,3/2) -- 3.1.4 Sodium (23Na) (I = 3/2) -- 3.1.5 Rubidium (87Rb) (I = 3/2) -- 3.1.6 Caesium (133Cs) (I =7/2) -- 3.2 Group 2 (9Be, 25Mg, 137Ba) -- 3.2.1 Beryllium (9Be) (I=3/2) -- 3.2.2 Magnesium (25Mg) (I = 5/2) -- 3.2.3 Barium (137Ba) (I=3/2) -- 3.3 Group 3 and Lanthanoids (45Sc, 89Y, 139La, 153Eu) -- 3.3.1 Scandium (45Sc) (I = 7/2) -- 3.3.2 Yttrium (89Y) (I =1/2) -- 3.3.3 Lanthanum (139La) (I=7/2) -- 3.3.4 Europium (153Eu) (I =5/2) -- 3.4 Group 4 (47,49Ti) -- 3.4.1 Titanium (47,49Ti) (I = 5/2, 7/2) -- 3.5 Group 5 (51V and 93Nb) -- 3.5.1 Vanadium (51V, 93Nb) (I= 7/2) -- 3.5.2 Niobium (93Nb) (I=9/2) -- 3.6 Group 6 (95Mo, 183W) -- 3.6.1 Molybdenum (95Mo) (I=5/2) -- 3.6.2 Tungsten (183W) (I=1/2). , 3.7 Group 7 (55Mn, 99Tc) -- 3.7.1 Manganese (55Mn) (I=5/2) -- 3.7.2 Technetium (99Tc) (I= 3/2) -- 3.8 Group 8 (57Fe, 99Ru) -- 3.8.1 Iron (57Fe) (I =1/2) -- 3.8.2 Ruthenium (99Ru) (I =3/2) -- 3.9 Group 9 (59Co, 103Rh) -- 3.9.1 Cobalt (59Co) (I= 7/2) -- 3.9.2 Rhodium (103Rh) (I=1/2) -- 3.10 Group 10 (195Pt) -- 3.10.1 Platinum (195Pt)(I=1/2) -- 3.11 Group 11 (63Cu, 107,109Ag) -- 3.11.1 Copper (63Cu) (I=3/2) -- 3.11.2 Silver (107,109Ag) (I = 1/2, 1/2) -- 3.12 Group 12 (67Zn, 111,113Cd, 199Hg) -- 3.12.1 Zinc (67Zn) (I=5/2) -- 3.12.2 Cadmium (111,113Cd) (I= 1/2, 1/2) -- 3.12.3 Mercury (199Hg) (I=1/2) -- 3.13 Group 13 (11B,27Al,71Ga, 203,205Tl) -- 3.13.1 Boron (11B) (I=3/2) -- 3.13.2 Aluminium (27Al) (I = 5/2) -- 3.13.3 Gallium (71Ga) (I =3/2) -- 3.13.4 Thallium (203,205Tl) (I= 1/2, 1/2) -- 3.14 Group 14 (13C, 29Si, 73Ge, 117,119Sn, 207Pb) -- 3.14.1 Carbon (13C) (I =1/2) -- 3.14.2 Silicon (29Si) (I = 1/2) -- 3.14.3 Germanium (73Ge) (I =9/2) -- 3.14.4 Tin (117,119Sn) (I = 1/2, 1/2) -- 3.14.5 Lead (207Pb) (I = 1/2) -- 3.15 Group 15 (14,15N, 31P) -- 3.15.1 Nitrogen (14,15N) (I= 1, 1/2) -- 3.15.2 Phosphorus (31P) (I= 1/2) -- 3.16 Group 16 (17O,33S,77Se,125Te) -- 3.16.1 Oxygen (17O) (I =5/2) -- 3.16.2 Sulfur (33S)(I=3/2) -- 3.16.3 Selenium (77Se) (I =1/2) -- 3.16.4 Tellurium (125Te) (I = 1/2) -- 3.17 Group 17 (19F,35,37Cl) -- 3.17.1 Fluorine (19F) (I =1/2) -- 3.17.2 Chlorine (35,37Cl) (I = 3/2, 3/2) -- 3.18 Group 18 (3He, 129Xe) -- 3.18.1 Helium (3He) (I =1/2) -- 3.18.2 Xenon (129Xe) (I = 1/2) -- 4 References -- Chapter 4 Theoretical Aspects of Spin-Spin Couplings -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Relativistic Calculation of Spin-Spin Couplings -- 3 Density Functional Theory -- 4 Ab Initio Calculations -- 4.1 Correlation Effects -- 4.2 Scalar Couplings as a Function of Interatomic Distance -- 4.3 Anisotropy of the Spin-Spin Coupling Tensor. , 4.4 Effects of Internal Rotation and Bond Stretching -- 5 Through-space and Hydrogen Bond Scalar Couplings -- 5.1 Through-space Scalar Coupling -- 5.2 Hydrogen Bond Scalar Couplings -- 6 References -- Chapter 5 Applications of Spin-Spin Couplings -- 1 Introduction -- 2 New Methods -- 3 One-bond Couplings to Hydrogen -- 4 One-bond Couplings not Involving Hydrogen -- 5 Two-bond Couplings to Hydrogen -- 6 Two-bond Couplings not Involving Hydrogen -- 7 Three-bond Hydrogen-Hydrogen Couplings -- 8 Three-bond Couplings Between Hydrogen and Heteronuclei -- 9 Three-bond Couplings not Involving Hydrogen -- 10 Couplings over More than Three Bonds and Through Space -- 11 Couplings Through Hydrogen Bonds -- 12 References -- Chapter 6 Nuclear Spin Relaxation in Liquids and Gases -- 1 Introduction -- 2 General, Physical and Experimental Aspects of Nuclear Spin Relaxation -- 2.1 General Aspects -- 2.2 Experimental Aspects -- 2.3 Relaxation in Coupled Spin Systems -- 2.4 Dipolar Couplings and Distance Information -- 2.5 Exchange Spectroscopy -- 2.6 Radiation Damping -- 2.7 Quadrupolar Interactions -- 2.8 Intermolecular Dipolar Interaction in Diamagnetic and Paramagnetic Solution -- 2.9 Slow Motions in Glasses -- 2.10 Models for Molecular Dynamics -- 3 Selected Applications of Nuclear Spin Relaxation -- 3.1 Pure Liquids -- 3.2 Non-electrolyte Solutions -- 3.3 Electrolyte Solutions -- 3.4 Transition Metal Complexes -- 3.5 Molten Salts -- 4 Nuclear Spin Relaxation in Gases -- 5 Self-diffusion in Liquids -- 5.1 Experimental and Theoretical Aspects -- 5.2 Selected Examples -- 6 References -- Chapter 7 Solid-state NMR Spectroscopy -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Reviews -- 3 Theory -- 4 Experiment -- 4.1 New Technique Developments -- 4.1.1 1HNMR -- 4.1.2 Fast MAS -- 4.1.3 2D Correlation Spectroscopy -- 4.1.4 2D MQ MAS -- 4.1.5 Other Experiments. , 4.2 Distance and Angle Measurements by REDOR and Other Solid-state NMR Techniques -- 4.3 NMR Parameters: Experimental and Theoretical Studies -- 4.4 Exotic and Troublesome Nuclei -- 5 Applications -- 5.1 Organic Solids -- 5.2 Organometallic and Coordination Compounds -- 5.3 Natural Products -- 5.4 Biochemical, Medical and Pharmaceutical Applications -- 5.4.1 Proteins -- 5.4.2 Peptides -- 5.4.3 Lipids and Membranes -- 5.4.4 Biomedical Applications -- 5.5 Coal, Soil Organic Matter and Other Related Materials -- 5.5.1 Coals and Carbonaceous Materials -- 5.5.2 Soils -- 5.6 Polymers -- 5.7 Glasses and Amorphous Solids -- 5.8 Cements -- 5.9 Micro- and Mesoporous Solids -- 5.10 Surface Science and Catalysis -- 5.11 Inorganic and Other Related Materials -- 6 References -- Chapter 8 Multiple Pulse NMR -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Shaped Radiofrequency Pulses and Solvent Suppression -- 2.1 Adiabatic Pulses and Isotropic Mixing -- 2.2 Shaped Pulses and Other Homonuclear Experiments -- 3 NOE, Chemical Exchange and Relaxation -- 3.1 NOE and Chemical Exchange -- 3.2 Relaxation Rate Measurements -- 3.3 Cross-correlated Relaxation Experiments -- 4 Coupling Constants Measurements -- 4.1 Scalar Couplings -- 4.2 Couplings across Hydrogen Bonds -- 4.3 Residual Dipolar Couplings -- 5 Inverse Proton Detected Correlation Spectroscopy -- 5.1 Isotope Filtered Experiments -- 5.2 Isotope Edited Experiments -- 5.3 Heteronuclear Double Resonance Experiments -- 5.3.1 HSQC/HMQC -- 5.3.2 TROSY -- 5.4 Heteronuclear Triple Resonance Experiments -- 6 References -- Chapter 9 NMR of Proteins and Nucleic Acids -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Emerging NMR Methodology -- 2.1 Dipolar Couplings -- 2.2 Transverse Relaxation Optimized Spectroscopy (TROSY) -- 2.3 General Methodology -- 3 Solution Structures -- 3.1 Free Proteins -- 3.2 Protein-Small Molecule Complexes -- 3.3 Protein-Metal Complexes. , 3.4 Protein-Protein Complexes -- 3.5 Protein-Nucleic Acid Complexes -- 4 Protein Relaxation and Dynamics -- 5 Protein Folding -- 6 References -- Chapter 10 NMR of Carbohydrates, Lipids and Membranes -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Bacterial Natural Products -- 2.1 Bacteria Causing Mammalian Pathogenesis -- 2.2 Bacteria Causing Disease in Plants -- 2.3 Marine Bacteria -- 3 Fungal Natural Products -- 4 Plant Natural Products Characterised by 1H and 13C NMR -- 5 Other Organisms -- 6 Lipid Conjugates -- 7 Glycosylphosphatidylinositol Anchors -- 8 Membrane Studies -- 9 Mammalian Glycoproteins and Carbohydrate-Protein Recognition Studies -- 9.1 Structural Studies -- 9.2 Conformational Studies -- 9.3 In vivo Studies -- 10 References -- Chapter 11 Synthetic Macromolecules -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Primary Structure -- 3 Liquid Crystalline Polymers -- 4 Characterization of the Synthetic Macromolecules -- 5 Dynamics of the Synthetic Macromolecules -- 6 Gels and Crosslinking Macromolecules -- 7 Polymer Blend and Diffusion of the Synthetic Macromolecules -- 8 References -- Chapter 12 NMR in Living Systems -- 1 General Applications and New Methodology -- 1.1 Applications, Methodologies and Instrumentation -- 1.2 Spectral Editing -- 1.3 Localisation -- 1.4 Spectral Analysis -- 1.5 Data Analysis -- 1.6 Intracellular Ions -- 1.7 Cellular Metabolites -- 1.8 pH -- 2 Cells -- 2.1 Microorganisms -- 2.2 Blood -- 2.3 Cultured and Tumour Cells -- 2.4 Reproductive -- 3 Plants and Algae -- 3.1 Cells -- 3.2 Seeds and Fruits -- 3.3 Tissues -- 4 Animal Tissues -- 4.1 Brain -- 4.2 Eye -- 4.3 Heart -- 4.4 Liver -- 4.5 Muscle -- 4.6 Smooth Muscle -- 4.7 Tumour -- 4.8 Whole Animal -- 5 Clinical Studies -- 5.1 Brain -- 5.2 Heart -- 5.3 Liver -- 5.4 Muscle -- 5.5 Tumour -- 6 References -- Chapter 13 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging -- 1 Introduction -- 2 General Aspects and Reviews. , 3 Instruments.

Note: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance -- Contents -- Chapter 1 NMR Books and Reviews -- 1 Books -- 2 Regular Reviews Series -- 3 Edited Books and Symposia -- 4 Reviews in Periodicals -- 5 Reviews and Books in Foreign Languages -- Chapter 2 Theoretical and Physical Aspects of Nuclear Shielding -- 1 Theoretical Aspects of Nuclear Shielding -- 1.1 General Theory -- 1.2 Ab initio Calculations -- 2 Physical Aspects of Nuclear Shielding -- 2.1 Anisotropy of the Shielding Tensor -- 2.2 Shielding Surfaces and Rovibrational Averaging -- 2.3 Isotope Shifts -- 2.4 Intermolecular Effects on Nuclear Shielding -- 2.5 Absolute Shielding Scales -- 3 References -- Chapter 3 Applications of Nuclear Shielding -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Shielding of Particular Nuclear Species -- 2.1 Group l (1H, 2H, 6,7Li, 23Na, 39K, 87Rb, 133Cs) -- 2.1.1 Hydrogen (1H) (I = 1/2) -- 2.1.2 Deuterium (2H) (I = 1) -- 2.1.3 Lithium (6,7Li) (I = 1,2/3) -- 2.1.4 Sodium (23Na) (I = 3/2) -- 2.1.5 Potassium (39K) ( = 3/2) -- 2.1.6 Rubidium (87Rb) (I = 3/2) -- 2.1.7 Caesium (133Cs) (I = 7/2) -- 2.2 Group 2 (9Be, 25Mg, 43Ca, 137Ba) -- 2.2.1 Beryllium (9Be) (I =-3/2) -- 2.2.2 Magnesium (25Mg) (I = -5/2) -- 2.2.3 Calcium (43Ca) (I = 7/2) -- 2.2.4 Barium (137Ba) (I = 3/2) -- 2.3 Group 3 (45Sc, 89Y, 139La, 171Yb) -- 2.3.1 Scandium (45Sc) (I = 7/2) -- 2.3.2 Yttrium (89Y) (I =-1/2) -- 2.3.3 Lanthanum (139La) (I = 7/2) -- 2.3.4 Ytterbium (171Yb) (I = 1/2) -- 2.4 Group 4 (47,49Ti) -- 2.4.1 Titanium (47,49Ti) (I = - 5/2, -7/2) -- 2.5 Group 5 (51V and 93Nb) -- 2.5.1 Vanadium (51V) (I = 7/2) -- 2.5.2 Niobium (93Nb) (I = 9/2) -- 2.6 Group 6 (53Cr, 95Mo, 183W) -- 2.6.1 Chromium (53Cr) (I = - 3/2) -- 2.6.2 Molybdenum (95Mo) (I = 5/2) -- 2.6.3 Tungsten (183W) (I = 1/2) -- 2.7 Group 7 (55Mn, 99Tc, 185,187Re) -- 2.7.1 Manganese (55Mn) (I = 5/2) -- 2.7.2 Technetium (99Tc) (I = 9/2) -- 2.7.3 Rhenium (185,187Re) (I = 5/2). , 2.8 Group 8 (57Fe, 99Ru) -- 2.8.1 Iron(57Fe)(I = 1/2) -- 2.8.2 Ruthenium (99Ru) (I = 3/2) -- 2.9 Group 9 (59Co, 103Rh) -- 2.9.1 Cobalt (59Co) (I = 7/2) -- 2.9.2 Rhodium (103Rh) (I = 1/2) -- 2.10 Group 10 (195Pt) -- 2.10.1 Platinum (195Pt) (I = 1/2) -- 2.11 Group 11 (63Cu, 107,109Ag) -- 2.11.1 Copper (63Cu) (I = 3/2) -- 2.11.2 Silver (107,109Ag) (I = 1/2, 1/2) -- 2.12 Group 12 (67Zn, 111,113Cd, 199Hg) -- 2.12.1 Zinc(67Zn)(I = 5/2) -- 2.12.2 Cadmium (111,113Cd) (I = 1/2, 1/2) -- 2.12.3 Mercury (199Hg) (I = 1/2) -- 2.13 Group 13 (11B, 27Al, 71Ga, 203,205Tl) -- 2.13.1 Boron (11B) (I = 3/2) -- 2.13.2 Aluminium (27Al) (I = 5/2) -- 2.13.3 Gallium (71Ga) (I = 3/2) -- 2.13.4 Thallium (203,205Tl) (I = 1/2, 1/2) -- 2.14 Group 14 (13C, 29Si, 73Ge, 117,119Sn, 207Pb) -- 2.14.1 Carbon (13C) (I = 1/2) -- 2.14.2 Silicon (29Si) (I = 1/2) -- 2.14.3 Germanium (73Ge) (I = 9/2) -- 2.14.4 Tin (117,119Sn) (I = 1/2, 1/2) -- 2.14.5 Lead (207Pb) (I = 1/2) -- 2.15 Group15 (14,15N,31P) -- 2.15.1 Nitrogen (14,15N) (I = 1, 1/2) -- 2.15.2 Phosphorus (31P) (I = 1/2) -- 2.16 Group 16 (17O,33S, 77Se, 125Te) -- 2.16.1 Oxygen (17O) (I = 5/2) -- 2.16.2 Sulfur (33S) (I = 3/2) -- 2.16.3 Selenium (77Se) (I= 1/2) -- 2.16.4 Tellurium (125Te) (I = 1/2) -- 2.17 Group 17 (19F, 35,37Cl) -- 2.17.1 Fluorine (19F) (I = 1/2) -- 2.17.2 Chlorine (35,37Cl) (I= 3/2, 3/2) -- 2.18 Group 18 (3He, 129Xe) -- 2.18.1 Helium (3He) (I = 1/2) -- 2.18.2 Xenon (129Xe) (I =1/2) -- 3 References -- Chapter 4Theoretical Aspects of Spin-Spin Couplings -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Relativistic Calculation of Spin-Spin Couplings -- 3 Ab Initio Calculation of Spin-Spin Couplings -- 3.1 The Effect of Lone Pairs and Electronegativity -- 3.2 Nuclear Motion Corrections -- 3.3 Triple Excitation Effects -- 3.4 Ab Initio Calculations of [1.1.1]Propellane and Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane -- 3.5 Ab Initio Calculations of Karplus Relations. , 4 Density Functional Theory -- 4.1 Self-interaction Correction -- 4.2 Natural J Coupling Analysis -- 4.3 Conformational and Configurational Aspects -- 4.4 3J(C,H) Couplings in 1-X-Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes -- 4.5 Intermolecular Nuclear Spin-Spin Coupling in van der Waals Dimers -- 5 Spin-Spin Couplings Across Hydrogen Bonds -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 19F-1H Coupling Constants -- 5.3 Structural Dependencies of Interresidue Scalar Coupling 3hJ(N, C) -- 5.4 3hJ(31P, 15N) and 2hJ(31P, 1H) Coupling Constants Across Hydrogen Bonds -- 5.5 2hJ(15N, 15N) and lhJ(15N, 1H) Coupling Constants Across Hydrogen Bonds -- 6 Through-space Couplings -- 7 References -- Chapter 5 Applications of Spin-Spin Couplings -- 1 Introduction -- 2 New Methods -- 3 One-bond Couplings to Hydrogen -- 4 One-bond Couplings not Involving Hydrogen -- 5 Two-bond Couplings to Hydrogen -- 6 Two-bond Couplings not Involving Hydrogen -- 7 Three-bond Hydrogen-Hydrogen Couplings -- 8 Three-bond Couplings to Hydrogen -- 9 Three-bond Couplings not Involving Hydrogen -- 10 Couplings over More than Three Bonds and Through Space -- 11 Couplings Through Hydrogen Bonds -- 12 Residual Dipolar Couplings -- 13 References -- Chapter 6 Nuclear Spin Relaxation in Liquids and Gases -- 1 Introduction -- 2 General, Physical and Experimental Aspects of Nuclear Spin Relaxation -- 2.1 General Aspects -- 2.2 Experimental Aspects -- 2.3 Relaxation in Coupled Spin Systems -- 2.4 Dipolar Couplings and Distance Information -- 2.5 Exchange Spectroscopy -- 2.6 Radiation Damping -- 2.7 Quadrupolar Interactions -- 2.8 Intermolecular Dipolar Interaction in Diamagnetic and Paramagnetic Solution -- 2.9 Slow Motions in Glasses -- 2.10 Models for Molecular Dynamics -- 3 Selected Applications of Nuclear Spin Relaxation -- 3.1 Pure Liquids -- 3.2 Non-electrolyte Solutions -- 3.3 Electrolyte Solutions -- 3.4 Molten Salts. , 4 Nuclear Spin Relaxation in Gases -- 5 Self-diffusion in Liquids -- 5.1 Experimental and Theoretical Aspects -- 5.2 Selected Examples -- 6 References -- Chapter 7 Solid-state NMR Spectroscopy -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Reviews and Introductory Articles -- 3 Theory and Numerical Calculations -- 4 Experiment -- 4.1 New Technique Developments -- 4.1.1 1H NMR -- 4.1.2 2D Correlation Spectroscopy -- 4.1.3 2D MQ MAS -- 4.1.4 Other Experimental Aspects -- 4.2 Distance and Angle Measurements by REDOR and Other Solid-state NMR Techniques -- 4.3 NMR Parameters: Experimental and Theoretical Studies -- 4.4 Exotic and Troublesome Nuclei -- 5 Applications -- 5.1 Organic Solids -- 5.2 Organometallic and Coordination Compounds -- 5.3 Natural Products -- 5.4 Biochemical Applications -- 5.4.1 Amino Acids, Peptides and Proteins -- 5.4.2 Lipids and Membranes -- 5.5 Coals and Carbonaceous Materials -- 5.6 Soils and Related Materials -- 5.7 Polymers -- 5.8 Glasses and Amorphous Solids -- 5.9 Micro- and Mesoporous Solids -- 5.10 Surface Science and Catalysis -- 5.11 Inorganic and Other Related Solids -- 6 References -- Chapter 8 Multiple Pulse NMR -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Isotropic Mixing -- 3 NOE, Chemical Exchange, Relaxation and Diffusion -- 3.1 NOE and Chemical Exchange -- 3.2 Relaxation Rate Measurements -- 3.3 Cross-correlated Relaxation Experiments -- 3.4 Diffusion Experiments -- 4 Coupling Constants Measurements -- 4.1 Scalar Couplings -- 4.2 Couplings Across Hydrogen Bonds -- 4.3 Residual Dipolar Couplings -- 5 Inverse Proton Detected Correlation Spectroscopy -- 5.1 Isotope Filtered Experiments -- 5.2 Isotope Edited Experiments -- 5.3 TROSY -- 5.4 Heteronuclear Triple Resonance Experiments -- 6 References -- Chapter 9 NMR of Proteins and Nucleic Acids -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Application and Development of New Methodology -- 2.1 Automated Analysis. , 2.2 Dipolar Couplings -- 2.3 Transverse Relaxation Optimized Spectroscopy (TROSY) -- 3 Solution Structures -- 3.1 Free Proteins -- 3.2 Membrane Proteins -- 3.3 Protein-Small Molecule Complexes -- 3.4 Protein-Protein Complexes -- 3.5 Protein-Nucleic Acid Complexes -- 4 Protein Relaxation and Dynamics -- 5 Protein Folding -- 6 References -- Chapter 10 NMR of Carbohydrates, Lipids and Membranes -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Studies of Natural Membrane Assemblies -- 1.2 Hydrogen Bonding and Conformational Studies -- 1.3 Surfactants -- 2 In Vivo NMR Studies, LC-NMR and Metabolomics -- 2.1 Data Bases -- 2.2 NMR in Pharmaceutical Applications -- 2.3 Metabolomics -- 2.4 Proteomics of Enzymes Involved in Polysaccharide Metabolism/Catabolism and Toxicogenomic Approaches -- 3 Natural Products Analysis -- 3.1 Bacteria -- 3.1.1 Mammalian Pathogens -- 3.1.2 Other Bacteria -- 3.2 Mycobacteria -- 3.3 Fungus -- 3.4 Lichen -- 3.5 Algae -- 3.6 Sponges -- 3.7 Plants -- 3.7.1 Polysaccharides -- 3.7.2 Triterpenes -- 3.7.3 Flavanoid Glycosides -- 3.7.4 Lipids -- 3.8 Parasites -- 4 Carbohydrate Binding Proteins (Toxins, Adhesins and Lectins) and Antibody Binding Studies -- 5 Mammalian Glycoconjugates -- 5.1 Glycolipids -- 5.2 Glycoproteins -- 5.3 Proteoglycans -- 5.4 Other Conjugates -- 6 Conformational Studies in Protein Folding Disorders -- 7 References -- Chapter 11 Synthetic Macromolecules -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Primary Structure -- 3 Liquid Crystalline Polymers -- 4 Imaging -- 5 Characterization of the Synthetic Macromolecules -- 6 Dynamics of the Synthetic Macromolecules -- 7 Polymer Blend of the Synthetic Macromolecules -- 8 References -- Chapter 12 NMR in Living Systems -- 1 General Applications and New Methodology -- 1.1 Methodologies -- 1.2 Spectral Analysis -- 1.3 Intracellular Ions and pH -- 2 Cells -- 2.1 Microorganisms -- 2.2 Blood. , 2.3 Cultured Mammalian and Tumour Cells.

Note: Nuclear magnetic resonance -- Contents -- Chapter 1 NMR Books and Reviews -- 1 Books -- 2 Regular Reviews Series -- 3 Edited Books and Symposia -- 4 Reviews in Periodicals -- 5 Reviews and Books in Foreign Languages -- Chapter 2 Theoretical and Physical Aspects of Nuclear Shielding -- 1 Theoretical Aspects of Nuclear Shielding -- 1.1 General Theory -- 1.2 Ab initio Calculations -- 1.3 Semi-empirical Calculations -- 2 Physical Aspects of Nuclear Shielding -- 2.1 Anisotropy of the Shielding Tensor -- 2.2 Shielding Surfaces and Rovibrational Averaging -- 2.3 Isotope Shifts -- 2.4 Intermolecular Effects on Nuclear Shielding -- 2.5 Absolute Shielding Scales -- References -- Chapter 3 Applications of Nuclear Shielding -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Shielding of Particular Nuclear Species -- 2.1 Group 1 (1H, 2H, 6,7Li, 23Na, 39K, 87Rb, 133Cs) -- 2.2 Group 2 (9Be, 25Mg, 43Ca, 137Ba) -- 2.3 Group 3 and Lanthanoids (45Sc, 89Y, 139La, 171Yb) -- 2.4 Group 4 (47,49Ti) -- 2.5 Group 5 (51V and 93Nb) -- 2.6 Group 6 (95Mo, 183W) -- 2.7 Group 7 (55Mn) -- 2.8 Group 8 (57Fe, 99Ru) -- 2.9 Group 9 (59Co, 103Rh) -- 2.10 Group 10 (195Pt) -- 2.11 Group 11 (63Cu, 107,109Ag) -- 2.12 Group 12 (11U13Cd, 199Hg) -- 2.13 Group 13 (11B, 27Al, 71Ga, 203,205Tl) -- 2.14 Group 14 (13C, 29Si, 73Ge, 117,119Sn, 207Pb) -- 2.15 Group 15 (14,15N,31P) -- 2.16 Group 16 (17O,33S, 77Se, 125Te) -- 2.17 Group 17 (19F, 35,37Cl) -- 2.18 Group 18 (3He, 129Xe) -- References -- Chapter 4 Theoretical Aspects of Spin-Spin Couplings -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Fully Relativistic Calculation of Nuclear Spin-Spin Couplings -- 3 Nuclear Spin-Spin Coupling Density in Molecules -- 4 Proton Spin-Spin Coupling and Electron Delocalization -- 5 Density-Functional Linear Response Theory -- 6 Heavy Metal-Metal Coupling Constants -- 7 Hartree-Fock's Stability Problem. , 8 Other Ab Initio Calculations of Spin-Spin Coupling Constants -- 8.1 Spin-Spin Couplings of the NH3... H2O Complex -- 8.2 Carbon-Carbon Coupling Constants in Compounds with Strained C-C Bonds -- 8.3 Spin-Spin Couplings in the Organolithium Compounds -- 8.4 Electric Field Effects on 2J(H,H) Spin-Spin Coupling Constants -- 8.5 Hydrogen-bond Transmitted Indirect Nuclear Spin-Spin Couplings -- 8.6 Substituent Effects on 2J(F, F) and 3J(F, F) Coupling Constants -- 8.7 Through-Space Spin-Spin Couplings -- 9 Other Density-Functional Calculations of Spin-Spin Couplings -- 9.1 Relativistic Density-Functional Calculations -- 9.2 Calculation of J(F, F) Spin-Spin Coupling Constants -- 9.3 Spin-Spin Coupling Constants in Formamide -- 9.4 1J(C,C) and 1J(C,H) Coupling Constants -- 9.5 Solvent Effects on Spin-Spin Coupling Constants -- 9.6 Calculations of Spin-Spin Couplings as an Aid to the Conformational Analysis -- 9.7 Calculations of Spin-Spin Couplings in DNA or RNA -- References -- Chapter 5 Applications of Spin-Spin Couplings -- 1 Introduction -- 2 New Methods -- 3 One-bond Couplings to Hydrogen -- 4 One-bond Couplings not Involving Hydrogen -- 5 Two-bond Couplings to Hydrogen -- 6 Two-bond Couplings not Involving Hydrogen -- 7 Three-bond Hydrogen-Hydrogen Couplings -- 8 Three-bond Couplings to Hydrogen -- 9 Three-bond Couplings not Involving Hydrogen -- 10 Couplings over More than Three Bonds and Through Space -- 11 Couplings Through Hydrogen Bonds -- 12 Residual Dipolar Couplings -- References -- Chapter 6 Nuclear Spin Relaxation in Liquids and Gases -- 1 Introduction -- 2 General, Physical and Experimental Aspects of Nuclear Spin Relaxation -- 2.1 General Aspects -- 2.2 Experimental Aspects -- 2.3 Relaxation in Coupled Spin Systems -- 2.4 Dipolar Couplings and Distance Information -- 2.5 Exchange Spectroscopy -- 2.6 Radiation Damping. , 2.7 Quadrupolar Interactions -- 2.8 Intermolecular Dipolar Interaction in Diamagnetic and Paramagnetic Solution -- 2.9 Slow Motions in Glasses -- 2.10 Models for Molecular Dynamics -- 3 Selected Applications of Nuclear Spin Relaxation -- 3.1 Pure Liquids -- 3.2 Non-electrolyte Solutions -- 3.3 Electrolyte Solutions -- 3.4 Molten Salts -- 4 Nuclear Spin Relaxation in Gases -- 5 Self-diffusion in Liquids -- 5.1 Experimental and Theoretical Aspects -- 5.2 Selected Examples -- References -- Chapter 7 Solid-state NMR Spectroscopy -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Reviews and Introductory Articles -- 3 Theory and Numerical Calculations -- 4 New Technique Developments -- 4.1 Spin 1/2 Nuclei -- 4.2 Quadrupolar Nuclei -- 5 Distance and Angle Measurements by Solid-State NMR. Synergic Methodologies -- 6 NMR Parameters: Experimental and Theoretical Studies -- 6.1 Chemical Shift and its Anisotropy: Spin 1/2 Nuclei -- 6.2 J-Couplings -- 6.3 Quadrupolar Nuclei -- 6.4 Troublesome Nuclei -- 7 Applications -- 7.1 Structural Studies of Organic Solids -- 7.2 Dynamic Studies of Organic Solids by 2H NMR -- 7.3 Hydrogen-bonded Organic Solids -- 7.4 Structural Studies of Organometallic and Coordination Compounds -- 7.5 Dynamics Studies of Organometallic and Coordination Compounds -- 7.6 Cellulose and Related Materials -- 7.7 Amino Acids -- 7.8 Peptides -- 7.9 Proteins -- 7.10 Lipids and Membranes -- 7.11 Biomedical Applications -- 7.12 Coals and Carbonaceous Materials -- 7.13 Soils and Related Materials -- 7.14 Polymers -- 7.15 Glasses and Amorphous Solids -- 7.16 Cements -- 7.17 Microporus Solids and Related Materials -- 7.18 Surface Science and Catalysis -- 7.19 Inorganic and Other Related Solids -- References -- Chapter 8 Multiple Pulse NMR -- 1 Introduction -- 2 General Methods -- 3 NOE, Chemical Exchange, Relaxation and Diffusion -- 3.1 NOE and Chemical Exchange. , 3.2 Relaxation Rate Measurements -- 3.3 Cross-correlated Relaxation Experiments -- 3.4 Diffusion Experiments -- 4 Coupling Constants Measurements -- 4.1 Scalar Couplings -- 4.2 Couplings Across Hydrogen Bonds -- 4.3 Residual Dipolar Couplings -- 5 Inverse Proton Detected Correlation Spectroscopy -- 5.1 Double-resonance Experiments -- 5.2 Isotope-filtered and Edited Experiments -- 5.3 TROSY -- 5.4 Heteronuclear Triple Resonance Experiments -- References -- Chapter 9 NMR of Proteins and Nucleic Acids -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Application and Development of New Methodology -- 2.1 Automated Analysis -- 2.2 Dipolar Couplings -- 2.3 Transverse Relaxation Optimized Spectroscopy (TROSY) -- 3 Macromolecular Structures -- 3.1 Membrane Proteins -- 3.2 Protein Complexes -- 3.3 Nucleic Acid Complexes -- 4 Protein Relaxation and Dynamics -- 5 Protein Folding -- References -- Chapter 10 NMR of Carbohydrates, Lipids and Membranes -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Drug Discovery and Combinatorial Chemistry -- 3 Metabolomics, Metabonomics and In Vivo Spectroscopy -- 4 Membranes -- 4.1 Sphingomyelins and Glycolipids -- 4.2 Lipids and Cholesterol -- 4.3 Proteins and Peptides within Membranes -- 5 Extracellular Macromolecular Structure -- 6 Ligand-Receptor Interactions Involving Glycosylated Molecules -- 6.1 Oligosaccharide-protein Interactions -- 6.2 Oligosaccharide Conformation and Their Role in Protein Function -- 7 Natural Products -- 7.1 Parasites -- 7.2 Algae -- 7.3 Fungi -- 7.4 Mycobacteria -- 7.5 Bacteria and Vaccines -- 7.6 Plants -- 8 Polysaccharides -- 9 Materials Sciences -- References -- Chapter 11 Synthetic Macromolecules -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Primary Structure -- 3 Liquid Crystalline Polymers -- 4 Imaging -- 5 Characterization of the Synthetic Macromolecules -- 6 Dynamics of the Synthetic Macromolecules -- 7 Polymer Blend of the Synthetic Macromolecules -- References. , Chapter 12 NMR in Living Systems -- 1 General Applications and New Methodology -- 2 Cells -- 2.1 Microorganisms -- 2.2 Blood -- 2.3 Cultured Mammalian and Tumour -- 3 Plants Studies -- 4 Tissues -- 4.1 Brain -- 4.2 Eye -- 4.3 Heart -- 4.4 Liver -- 4.5 Muscle -- 4.6 Tumour -- 4.7 Whole Organisms -- 5 Clinical Studies -- 5.1 Brain -- 5.2 Heart -- 5.3 Joints -- 5.4 Liver -- 5.5 Muscle -- References -- Chapter 13 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Overview and Physicochemical Applications -- 2.1 Review -- 2.2 Catalyzed Reaction -- 2.3 Mesophase Formation -- 3 Instruments and Materials -- 3.1 Reviews -- 3.2 Imaging System -- 3.3 Magnets -- 3.4 Probe, Resonator, Coil and Transceiver -- 3.5 Optical Pumping System for Polarized Gases -- 3.6 Cryogenic Systems -- 3.7 Artifact via Implant Biomaterials -- 3.8 Temperature Measurement -- 4 Pulse Sequences and Data Processing -- 4.1 Pulse Sequences -- 4.2 Data Processing -- 5 Hyperpolarized Noble Gases, Gas Phase Imaging and Other Nuclei -- 5.1 Review -- 5.2 Hyperpolarized Nobel Gases -- 5.3 Imaging Via Other Gases -- 5.4 Other Nuclei -- 6 Dynamics: Diffusion, Flow and Velocity Imaging -- 6.1 Reviews -- 6.2 Data Processing -- 6.3 Diffusion -- 6.4 Flow in Suspensions and Colloids -- 6.5 Flow in Tubes -- 6.6 Gas Flow -- 6.7 Concentration Profiles in Columns -- 6.8 Porous Media -- 6.9 Miscellaneous -- 7 Polymer -- 7.1 Reviews -- 7.2 Characterization -- 7.3 Process Analysis -- 7.4 Polymer Gel Dosimetry -- 7.5 Tablet Disintegration, Swelling, Drug Release -- 8 Chemical Engineering and Industrial Application -- 8.1 Reviews -- 8.2 Process Analysis -- 8.3 Drying Processes -- 8.4 Coating Process -- 8.5 Softening and Melting Process - Coal and Coke -- 9 Plants, Trees and Woods -- 9.1 Reviews -- 9.2 Trees -- 10 Food -- 10.1 Review -- 10.2 Moisture Migration -- 10.3 Solid State Fermentations. , 10.4 Fat Contents, Distribution and Migration.

Note: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance -- CONTENTS -- Preface -- NMR books and reviews -- Books -- Regular reviews series -- Edited books and symposia -- Reviews in periodicals -- Reviews and books in foreign languages -- Theoretical and physical aspects of nuclear shielding -- Theoretical aspects of nuclear shielding -- Physical aspects of nuclear shielding -- Applications of nuclear shielding -- Introduction -- Shielding of particular nuclear species -- Theoretical aspects of spin-spin couplings -- Introduction -- NMR spectroscopy and chirality -- Relativistic calculation of spin-spin coupling constants -- Relationships between spin-spin coupling constants and structures -- Assessment of density functional theory -- Hydrogen bonding effects on nuclear spin-spin coupling constants -- Conformational analysis -- Applications of spin-spin couplings -- Introduction -- New methods -- One-bond couplings to hydrogen -- One-bond couplings not involving hydrogen -- Two-bond couplings to hydrogen -- Two-bond couplings not involving hydrogen -- Three-bond hydrogen-hydrogen couplings -- Three-bond couplings to hydrogen -- Three-bond couplings not involving hydrogen -- Couplings over more than three bonds and through space -- Couplings through hydrogen bonds -- Residual dipolar couplings -- Nuclear spin relaxation in liquids and gases -- Introduction -- General, physical and experimental aspects of nuclear spin relaxation -- Selected applications of nuclear spin relaxation -- Nuclear spin relaxation in gases -- Self-diffusion in liquids -- Solid-state NMR spectroscopy -- Introduction -- Reviews -- Experimental developments -- Distance and angle measurements by solid-state NMR -- NMR parameters: experimental and theoretical studies -- Applications -- Multiple pulse NMR -- Introduction -- General methods and theoretical developments -- Fast multidimensional methods. , Spin relaxation methods -- Diffusion experiments -- Coupling constant measurement -- Residual dipolar couplings -- Homonuclear spectroscopy -- Inverse proton detected correlation spectroscopy -- NMR of proteins and nucleic acids -- Introduction -- New methodology -- Macromolecular structures -- Protein folding -- NMR of carbohydrates, lipids and membranes -- Introduction -- Glycosylated protein conformation and folding -- Studies of proteins and small molecules in membranes -- Oligosaccharide conformation, recognition and function -- Metabolomic studies and hyphenated techniques -- Bacterial polysaccharides -- Phytotherapeutics -- Other natural products -- Materials science -- Synthetic macromolecules -- Introduction -- Primary structure -- Liquid crystalline polymers -- Imaging and diffusion -- Characterization of the synthetic macromolecules -- Polymer blend of the synthetic macromolecules -- Dynamics of the synthetic macromolecules -- NMR in living systems -- General applications and methodologies -- Cells -- Plants -- Tissues -- Clinical -- Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging -- Introduction -- Introductory articles and reviews -- Instruments -- Pulse sequences and data processing -- Other nuclei -- Dynamics: diffusion, flow, and velocity -- Polymer -- Plant, seed, fruit -- Food -- In vivo application -- NMR of liquid crystals and micellar solutions -- Introduction -- General articles: reviews, methods, models -- Liquid crystals -- Micellar solutions.

Note: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance -- Contents -- NMR Books and Reviews -- 1 Books -- 2 Regular Reviews Series -- 3 Edited Books and Symposia -- 4 Reviews in Periodicals -- 5 Reviews and Books in Foreign Languages -- Theoretical and Physical Aspects of Nuclear Shielding -- 1 Theoretical Aspects of Nuclear Shielding -- 1.1 General Theory -- 1.2 Ab initio and DFT Calculations -- 2 Physical Aspects of Nuclear Shielding -- 2.1 Anisotropy of the Shielding Tensor -- 2.2 Shielding Surfaces and Rovibrational Averaging -- 2.3 Isotope Shifts -- 2.4 Intermolecular Effects on Nuclear Shielding -- 2.5 Absolute Shielding Scales -- References -- Application of Nuclear Shielding -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Shielding of Particular Nuclear Species -- 2.1 Group 1 (1H, 2H, 3H, 6,7Li, 23Na, 39K, 87Rb, 133Cs) -- 2.2 Group 2 (9Be, 25Mg, 43Ca, 87Sr, 137Ba) -- 2.3 Group 3 (45Sc, 89Y, 139La, 171Yb, 235U) -- 2.4 Group 4 (47,49Ti, 91Zr) -- 2.5 Group 5 (51V, 93Nb) -- 2.6 Group 6 (53Cr, 95,97Mo, 183W) -- 2.7 Group 7 (55Mn, 99Tc) -- 2.8 Group 8 (57Fe, 99Ru) -- 2.9 Group 9 (59Co, 103Rh) -- 2.10 Group 10 (195Pt) -- 2.11 Group 11 (63Cu, 107,109Ag) -- 2.12 Group 12 (67Zn, 111,113Cd, 199Hg) -- 2.13 Group 13 (11B, 27Al, 203,205Tl) -- 2.14 Group 14 (13C, 29Si, 73Ge, 117,119Sn, 207Pb) -- 2.15 Group 15 (14,15N, 31P) -- 2.16 Group 16 (17O, 33S, 77Se, 125Te) -- 2.17 Group 17 (19F, 35,37Cl) -- 2.18 Group 18 (3He, 129Xe) -- References -- Theoretical Aspects of Spin-Spin Couplings -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Relativistic Calculation of Nuclear Spin-Spin Couplings -- 3 Decomposition of Nuclear Spin-Spin Coupling Constants into Orbital Contributions -- 4 Ab initio Calculation -- 4.1 Fourier Analysis -- 4.2 One-Bond Coupling Constants in Monomers and Hydrogen-Bonded Complexes -- 4.3 A Factorial Design Analysis of Wave Functions to be Used -- 4.4 Solvent Effects on the Spin-Spin Coupling Constants of Acetylene. , 4.5 Non-Empirical Calculations of Carbon-Carbon Coupling Constants in Alkanes -- 5 Density Functional Theory Calculations of Spin-Spin Coupling Constants -- 5.1 H-D Coupling Constants in Heavy Metal Dihydrogen and Dihydride Complexes -- 5.2 Calculations of Nuclear Spin-Spin Coupling Constants in Large Molecules -- 5.3 Heteronuclear Spin-Spin Coupling Constants -- 5.4 The Performance of New Exchange-Correlation Functionals -- 5.5 The Temperature Dependence of the H-D Spin-Spin Coupling Constant -- 5.6 Nuclear Spin-Spin Couplings Including Phosphorus -- 5.7 Substituent Effects on Spin-Spin Coupling Constants -- 5.8 Anomeric Effect and Conformational Analysis -- 5.9 Spin-Spin Couplings of Hydrogen-Bonded Nuclei -- 6 Other Works -- 6.1 Empirical and Semiempirical Calculations -- 6.2 The Absolute Sign of Coupling Constants -- 6.3 Conformational Analysis -- References -- Applications of Spin-Spin Couplings -- 1 Introduction -- 2 New Methods -- 3 One-bond Couplings to Hydrogen -- 4 One-bond Couplings not Involving Hydrogen -- 5 Two-bond Couplings to Hydrogen -- 6 Two-bond Couplings not Involving Hydrogen -- 7 Three-bond Hydrogen-Hydrogen Couplings -- 8 Three-bond Couplings to Hydrogen -- 9 Three-bond Couplings not Involving Hydrogen -- 10 Couplings Over More than Three Bonds and Through Space -- 11 Couplings through Hydrogen Bonds -- 12 Residual Dipolar Couplings -- References -- Nuclear Spin Relaxation in Liquids and Gases -- 1 Introduction -- 2 General, Physical and Experimental Aspects of Nuclear Spin Relaxation -- 2.1 General Aspects -- 2.2 Experimental Aspects -- 2.3 Relaxation in Coupled Spin Systems -- 2.4 Dipolar Couplings and Distance Information -- 2.5 Exchange Spectroscopy -- 2.6 Radiation Damping -- 2.7 Quadrupolar Interactions -- 2.8 Intermolecular Dipolar Interaction in Diamagnetic and Paramagnetic Solution -- 2.9 Slow Motions in Glasses. , 2.10 Models for Molecular Dynamics -- 3 Selected Applications of Nuclear Spin Relaxation -- 3.1 Pure Liquids -- 3.2 Non-Electrolyte Solutions -- 3.3 Electrolyte Solutions -- 3.4 Molten Salts -- 4 Nuclear Spin Relaxation in Gases -- 5 Self-Diffusion in Liquids -- 5.1 Experimental and Theoretical Aspects -- 5.2 Selected Examples -- References -- Solid State NMR Spectroscopy -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Reviews and Introductory Articles -- 3 Experimental Developments -- 3.1 Proton NMR -- 3.2 Decoupling -- 3.3 Cross-Polarisation and Polarisation Transfer -- 3.4 2D Techniques -- 3.5 Quadrupolar Nuclei -- 3.6 Other Experiments -- 3.7 Instrumental Developments -- 4 NMR Parameters: Experimental and Theoretical Studies -- 4.1 Spin 1/2 Nuclei -- 4.2 Quadrupolar Nuclei -- 5 Applications -- 5.1 Organic Solids -- 5.2 Amino Acids -- 5.3 Peptides and Proteins -- 5.4 Lipids and Membranes -- 5.5 Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Applications -- 5.6 Cellulose and Related Materials -- 5.7 Soils and Related Materials -- 5.8 Coals and Carbonaceous Materials -- 5.9 Polymers -- 5.10 Organometallic and Coordination Compounds -- 5.11 Glasses and Amorphous Solids -- 5.12 Microporus Solids and Related Materials -- 5.13 Surface Science and Catalysis -- 5.14 Inorganic and Other Related Solids -- References -- Multiple Pulse NMR -- 1 Introduction -- 2 General Methods and Theoretical Developments -- 3 Fast Multidimensional Methods -- 3.1 Reduced Sampling -- 3.2 Reduced Dimensionality -- 3.3 Using Multidimensional Projections -- 3.4 Small Molecules -- 4 Relaxation and Diffusion -- 4.1 Measurement of Chemical Exchange Contribution -- 4.2 Cross-Correlated Relaxation Experiments -- 4.3 Diffusion Experiments -- 5 Coupling Constants Measurements -- 5.1 Scalar Couplings -- 5.2 Residual Dipolar Couplings -- 6 Homonuclear Spectroscopy -- 7 Inverse Proton Detected Correlation Spectroscopy. , 7.1 Double-Resonance Experiments -- 7.2 Heteronuclear Triple Resonance Experiments -- References -- NMR of Proteins and Nucleic Acids -- 1 Introduction -- 2 New Methodology -- 2.1 Automated Analysis -- 2.2 Dipolar Couplings -- 2.3 TROSY-Based Techniques -- 2.4 NMR-Based Screening -- 3 Macromolecular Structures -- 3.1 Membrane Proteins -- 3.2 Macromolecular Complexes -- 4 Protein Folding -- References -- NMR of Carbohydrates, Lipids and Membranes -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Methods in NMR Spectroscopy, Computational Methods and Databases -- 3 Cyclodextrins and Other Inclusion Complexes for Drug Delivery -- 4 Protein-Carbohydrate Interactions -- 5 Synthetic Targets -- 6 Surfactants -- 7 Glycolipids, Lipoproteins and Metabonomics -- 8 Membrane Interactions -- 9 Plant and Microorganism Polysaccharides and Natural Products -- 10 Enzyme Studies -- References -- Synthetic Macromolecules -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Primary Structure -- 3 Liquid Crystalline Polymers -- 4 Imaging -- 5 Characterization of the Synthetic Macromolecules -- 6 Polymer Blend of the Synthetic Macromolecules -- 7 Dynamics of the Synthetic Macromolecules -- References -- NMR in Living Systems -- 1 General Applications and Methodologies -- 1.1 Relaxation and Diffusion -- 1.2 Metabolites, pH and Ions -- 1.3 Spectral Techniques -- 2 Cells -- 2.1 Bacteria -- 2.2 Blood -- 2.3 Tumour -- 2.4 Yeast and Fungi -- 3 Plants -- 3.1 Plant Tissues -- 3.2 Plant Cells -- 4 Tissues -- 4.1 Brain -- 4.2 Eye -- 4.3 Heart -- 4.4 Liver -- 4.5 Tumour -- 4.6 Whole Organisms -- 5 Clinical -- 5.1 Reviews -- 5.2 CNS -- 5.3 Diabetese -- 5.4 Liver -- 5.5 Muscle -- 5.6 Reproductive -- References -- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Nobel Lecture and Reviews -- 3 Instruments and Materials -- 3.1 Imaging System -- 3.2 Probe, Resonator, Coil and Tranceiver -- 3.3 Tunable Fiber Laser for Polarized Gases. , 3.4 High Temperature Systems -- 4 Pulse Sequences and Data Processing -- 4.1 Pulse Sequences -- 4.2 Data Processing -- 5 Hyperpolarized Noble Gases, Gas Phase Imaging and Nanopore Microstructure -- 5.1 Reviews -- 5.2 Hyperpolarized Xe Ice and Xe Complex -- 5.3 Imaging via Xe Gas -- 5.4 Application to Brain and Lung -- 6 Dynamics: Flow, Dispersion and Velocity Imaging -- 6.1 Velocimetry -- 6.2 Gas Flow -- 6.3 Flow in Gel Suspensions -- 6.4 Dispersion in Porous Media and Reactor -- 7 Polymer -- 7.1 Characterization -- 7.2 Process Analysis - Desiccation -- 7.3 Process Analysis - Water Absorption -- 7.4 Process Analysis - Diffusion -- 7.5 Polymer Gel - Structure -- 7.6 Tablet Disintegration, Swelling, Drug Release -- 7.7 Elestgraphy -- 8 Chemical Engineering and Industrial Application -- 8.1 Process Analysis - Drying Process -- 8.2 Water Diffusion and Hydration -- 8.3 Drop Freezing Process -- 8.4 Suspension in Gas Flow -- 8.5 Asphalts -- 8.6 Dispersion, Distribution, Transport Process -- 8.7 Kinetics -- 9 Plant -- 10 Food -- 10.1 Review -- 10.2 Moisture Migration -- 10.3 Rice Cooking -- 10.4 Dough -- 10.5 Viscosity of Milk -- 10.6 Fruits and Vegetables -- 11 Contrast Agent -- 11.1 Review -- 11.2 New Nanoparticulate Contrast Agent -- 11.3 Molecular Imaging -- 11.4 Tunable Imaging -- 11.5 Monitoring Liver Iron Content -- 11.6 Mn-enhanced MRI -- 12 Ex Vivo -- 12.1 Cartilage -- 12.2 Apoptosis -- 12.3 Novel Drug Development -- 13 In Vivo Application -- 13.1 Reviews -- 13.2 High Field CSI -- 13.3 Angeogenesis in Brain -- 13.4 Perfusion -- 13.5 Diffusion, Flow and Permeation -- 13.6 Oxidative Metabolite and Stress -- 13.7 Transplanted Stem Cell -- References -- Oriented Molecules -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Reviews, Theory and General Studies -- 3 New Techniques -- 4 Dynamic NMR Studies -- 5 Chiral, Smectic, Lyotropic and Polymeric Systems -- 6 Relaxation Studies. , 7 Orientational Order in Liquid Crystals.