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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 347 (1978), S. 513-516 
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Parenteral nutrition ; Amino acids ; Parenterale Ernährung ; Aminosäuren
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei der parenteralen Ernährung werden 3 Konzepte unterschieden 1. postoperative Flüssigkeitssubstitution, 2. Basisernährung, 3. bedarfsangepaßte Ernährung. Die Entscheidung fur das jeweilige Konzept richtet sick nach der Dauer der parenteralen Ernahrung und dem Zustand des Patienten. ad 1: Infusionslösung mit Elektrolyten, 40 mg/kg KG/Tag ad 2: Infusionslösung aus Elektrolyten, Aminosäuren (25 g/Tag und Kohlehydraten (125 g/Tag) für einen 75 kg schweren Patienten ad 3: Infusionslösung aus Elektrolyten, Aminosäuren (1 g/kg KG/Tag) und Kohlenhydraten (5 g/kg KG/Tag).
    Notes: Summary Three different plans of parenteral nutrition are available: (1) postoperative water and electrolyte substitution; (2) basic parenteral nutrion; (3) total parenteral nutrition. The decision for one of these plans depends on the duration of necessary parenteral support and on the patient's situation. ad 1: solution with electrolytes, 40 ml/kg body weight/ day ad 2: solution with electrolytes, amino acids (25 g/day) and carbohydrates (125 g/day) in a 75 kg patient ad 3: solution with electrolytes, amino acids (1 g/kg body weight/day) and carbohydrates (5 g/kg body weight/day).
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Unter Zwangshaltung entwickeln intakte, scheinoperierte und adrenalektomierte Ratten eine Drosselung der Magenperfusion und unterschiedlich häufig Nekrosen und Erosionen in der Magenmukosa. Dieses Phänomen ist von einem erheblichen Anstieg an Pankreasglucagon begleitet, während Gastrin unter Stress eher abfällt.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Research in experimental medicine 165 (1975), S. 291-296 
    ISSN: 1433-8580
    Keywords: rat models ; stress ulcers ; calcitonin prophylaxis ; mucosal pO2 ; glucagon ; gastrin ; serum calcium ; ulcer index
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary During restraint stress (24 h) various rat models exhibit differences in ulcer index, a decrease in gastric perfusion (pO2), serum gastrin and calcium, but increased pancreatic glucagon. Prophylaxis by calcitonin prevents gastrin from falling, improves markedly ulcer index in intact, sham-operated and thyroparathyroidectomized rats, is ineffective following parathyroidectomy and augments stress sensivity following thyroidectomy. It is suggested that, in the presence of exogenous calcitonin, both vulnerability of gastric mucosa and responsiveness of pancreatic alpha cells largely depend on concentration of extracellular calcium and availability of endogenous thyroidal calcitonin and parathyroid hormone.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1433-8580
    Keywords: gastric stress ulcer ; mucosal oxygen tension ; vagotomy/splanchnicotomy ; secretin ; gastrin/glucagon
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Restraint stress ulcers in rats were developed and procedures evaluated designed at preservation of intact gastric microcirculation (pO2). Neither prior truncal vagotomy, splanchnicotomy nor combined dissection of abdominal autonomic nerves were effective in preventing the stress mediated fall of mucosal pO2 and the rise in plasma glucagon. The ulcer index remained elevated and gastrin essentially was unchanged. Prophylactic injection of increasing doses (1, 2, 4, 8, 16 U/kg) secretin maintained microcirculation at pO2-levels subnormal for unstressed animals (Vmax 15.53 mm Hg; Km. 0.99 U/kg), but simultaneously brought about a continuous rise in serum gastrin. Up to 8 U/kg plasma glucagon was higher than in saline control groups reaching a peak value with 2 U/kg when ulcer index showed its nadir. Secretin therapy (4, 8 U/kg) markedly improves both mucosal pO2 and ulcer index. It is suggested that breakdown of gastric microcirculation may not be solely responsible for stress ulcer development.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Research in experimental medicine 176 (1980), S. 207-217 
    ISSN: 1433-8580
    Keywords: Cimetidine ; Rat gastric secretion ; Mucosal blood flow ; Michaelis constants ; Restraint stress ; Ulcer index ; Serum gastrin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of the histamine-H2-receptor blocking agent cimetidine (CT) on gastric secretion, mucosal blood flow (MBF), and gastric mucosal stress ulcer index was studied in rats (n = 96) during control conditions (= mild stress) and restraint (= severe stress). In a dose-response trial (3.9, 15.6, 62.4 µMol/kg/h CT i.p. over 8 h) with calculation of kinetic constants (Vmax; Km) for gastric secretion, MBF and ulcer index, it is shown that CT actions become considerably modified by severe stress. Under mild stress the reduction of MBF and acid secretion by increasing CT doses is parallel: Severe stress alone reduces MBF more than gastric acid (65 vs. 30%). This phenomenon is partly reversed by a dose of 62.4 µMol/ kg/h (= 16 mg/kg/h), which is associated with the lowest ulcer index observed. There is no significant correlation between the latter and either acid concentration, acid output, or MBF. The concentrations of pepsin in gastric juice or of serum gastrin neither change with severe stress alone nor with additional CT. It is concluded that CT has anti-stress ulcer properties coinciding with reduced acidity in the gastric lumen, but that in addition this benefical effect may be mediated by factors other than acid reduction.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Renal cAMP ; Serum parathyroid hormone ; Tubular phosphate reabsorption ; Calcium urolithiasis ; Hyperparathyroidism ; Renales cAMP ; Serum-Parathormon ; Tubuläre Phosphatrückresorption ; Calcium-Urolithiasis ; Hyperparathyreoidismus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung An drei Kollektiven (jen=12) von männlichen Gesunden (22–43 Jahre), Patienten mit rezidivierender Calcium-Urolithiasis (21–36 Jahre), Hyperparathyreoidismus (HPT; 17–71 Jahre) wurden gleichzeitig renales zyklisches Adenosinmonophosphat (RcAMP), fraktionelle tubuläre Phosphat-Rückresorption und Serum-Parathormon während endogener Kreatininclearance gemessen. Gesunde haben ein RcAMP (µMol/g Kreatinin) von 1,48±SEM 0,27; Steinkranke 2,037±0,343 (nicht signifikant); HPT 6,234±0,454 (p〈0,001). Zwischen HPT und Gesunden besteht kein Überlappungsbereich. Die Phosphat-Rückresorption ist am niedrigsten bei HPT (0,84±0,015), höher bei Gesunden (0,924±0,007), am höchsten bei Steinkranken (0,941±0,007). Alle Gruppenunterschiede sind statistisch signifikant. Parathormon (pg-equiv/ml) ist unter den gewählten Bedingungen, d.h. mäßige Hydrierung der Versuchsperson, am niedrigsten bei Steinkranken (〈100–339), höher bei Gesunden (〈100–933), am höchsten bei HPT (400–1150). Zwischen ersteren und letzeren besteht kein Überlappungsbereich, wohl aber zwischen Gesunden und HPT. Die resultierende diagnostische Unsicherheit kann im Einzelfall durch zusätzliche Bestimmungen von RcAMP und ionisiertem Serum-Calcium umgangen werden: Serum-PTH beachtend liegt HPT außerhalb, RCU innerhalb der 2-Sigmabereiche Gesunder. Ein solches diagnostisches Vorgehen erscheint bisherigen Verfahren überlegen, bedarf aber der Ausdehnung auf ein größeres Krankengut. Da HPT eine Krankheit des mittleren und gehobenen Alters ist, muß außerdem die Erstellung von Normbereichen für RcAMP bei Gesunden dieser Altersdekaden angestrebt werden.
    Notes: Summary In three groups (n=12 each) of male controls (22–43 years), patients with recurring calcium urolithiasis (21–36 years) and hyperparathyroidism (HPT; 17–71 years) proven by surgery renal cyclic adenosine monophosphate (RcAMP), fractional tubular phosphate reabsorption and serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) were measured during endogenous creatinine clearance. RcAMP (µMol/g creatinine) was: controls 1.48±SEM 0.27; stone formers 2.037±0.343 (not significantly different); HPT 6.234±0.454 (p〈0.001). There is no overlap between HPT and controls. Phosphate reabsorption is least in HPT (0.84±0.015), higher in controls (0.924±0.004) and stone formers (0.941±0.007). All differences are statistically significant. Under the conditions selected (moderate hydration of individuals) Serum PTH (pg-equiv/ml) is lowest in stome formers (〈100–339), higher in controls (〈100–933) and HPT (400–1150). There is no overlap in PTH between the former and the latter group but a marked one between controls and HPT. For clinical purposes the resulting diagnostic uncertainty in a given patient can be overcome by additional determinations of RcAMP and ionised serum calcium: when referring to serum PTH HPT patients fall outside, RCU patients within 2 standard deviations of either parameter in control subjects. This procedure presently appears superior to those proposed in the past (urinary cAMP etc.) but requires confirmation in larger patient populations. Moreover, since HPT prevails in middle and upper age decades, their RcAMP values and those of RCU patients should be related to a range seen in closely age- and sex-matched controls.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 347 (1978), S. 681-681 
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Auto-suture ; Anastomoses, rectosigmoid ; Auto-Suture ; Rectum-Sigma-Anastomose
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei 13 Patienten wurde die Rectum-Sigma-Anastomose mit dem KZ 28 AutoSuture-Gerät wiederhergestellt. Bei 9 Patienten war ein Carcinom, bei 3 eine Diverticulitis und bei einem ein villöses Adenom die Indikation zur Operation. Vorteile: Die Operationszeit wird 10-15 min kürzer. Die Qualität der Naht hängt nicht so sehr von der Geschicklichkeit des Chirurgen ab. Die Anastomose ist gleichmäßig und rund. Komplikationen: 1 Nahtinsuffrzienz, 1 Stenose, Mortalität 0. Die Anastomosennaht mit dem Auto- Suture-Gerät kann für den erfahrenen Chirurgen empfohlen werden.
    Notes: Summary We operated on 13 patients using the stapling machine KZ 28 and conducted follow-up examinations for almost 3 years postoperatively. Nine patients suffered from rectosigmoid cancer, 3 from diverticulitis, 1 from a villous adenoma. Advantages: Time of operation is about 10–15 min shorter than with the traditional suture technique. The quality of the suture is less dependent on the surgeon's skill. The anastomosis is more regular and round. Complications: Suture insufficiency 1, stenosis 1, mortality 0. Suturing the anastomosis with a transanal stapling machine can be recommended for experienced surgeons.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 342 (1976), S. 449-452 
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Diverticulum, diseased ; Treatment ; Results ; Divertikelkrankheit ; Konservative Behandlung ; Nachuntersuchungsergebnisse
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei der Divertikelkrankheit muß unterschieden werden in 1. Asymptomatische Divertikulose (Zufallsbefund), 2. schmerzhafte Divertikelkrankheit (keine Entzündungszeichen) und 3. akute Divertikulitis (Fieber und Leukocytose). Bei asymptomatischer Divertikulose konservativ vorgehen und nicht operieren. Bei schmerzhafter Divertikelkrankheit nach persistierenden Attacken die Resektion nicht hinausschieben. Bei akuter Divertikulitis nach der zweiten Entzündungsattacke die Operation empfehlen. Dabei gilt der Grundsatz, je jünger der Patient, um so eher operieren.
    Notes: Summary Patients with diverticular disease should be categorized for therapeutic purposes into 3 groups: (1) asymptomatic diverticulosis (accidental finding; (2) painful diverticular disease (no inflammation); and (3) acute diverticulitis (pericolitis present). In asymptomatic diverticulosis a high-fiber diet should be given, and an operation is not indicated. In painful diverticular disease resection of the sigmoid colon should be considered after recurrent attacks. In acute diverticulitis resection should be performed after the second inflammatory attack. The younger the patient, the earlier an operation should be considered.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 346 (1978), S. 53-57 
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Rectum excision ; Omental graft
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die primäre Heilung der perinealen Wunde und der sakralen Höhle nach Exstirpation des Rectums ist ein altes chirurgisches Problem. Um eine primäre Heilung zu erzielen, füllen wir den sakralen Todraum mit einer gefäßgestielten Plastik, gebildet aus dem Omentum majus auf. Von Januar 1977 bis Juli 1977 wurde diese Technik von einem konstanten Operationsteam bei 17 Patienten durchgeführt. 15 Patienten wurden wegen eines sehr tiefen Rectumcarcinoms amputiert. Bei zwei Patienten wurde das Rectum wegen einer Colitis ulcerosa entfernt. Bei 14 Patienten heilte die sakrale Höhle mit der perinealen Wunde primär. Unter diesen Primärheilungen befanden sich auch die Colitis ulcerosa-Patienten. Bei drei Patienten kam es zu einer Absceßbildung in der sakralen Höhle mit sekundärer Heilung. Bei einem dieser Patienten kam es zusätzlich zu einem postoperativen Dünndarmileus.
    Notes: Summary Primary healing of the perineal wound and the sacral cavity after a.p. resection of the rectum is an old surgical problem. In order to achieve primary healing we are using a lengthened omental graft to fill up the sacral space. Since January 1977 to July 1977 we used this method in 17 patients. 15 patients had very low rectal cancers. 2 patients had to undergo proctocolectomy because of ulcerative colitis. In 14 cases we achieved primary healing, among these the colitis patients. Overall we had three abscess formations in the sacral cavity. One of these patients got in addition an obstruction postoperatively.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 342 (1976), S. 619-620 
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Colostamy, continent ; Cancer, rectal ; Excision ; Resection ; Rectumcareinom ; Exstirpation ; Resektion ; Magnetringcolostomie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 1975 haben wir 120 Resektionen oder Exstirpationen wegen Rectumcarcinom durchgeführt. Bei Tumoren unterhalb 6 cm ist die Exstirpation mit Anlegen einer kontinenten Magnetringkolostomie angezeigt. Höher gelegene Tumore werden sphinctererhaltend reseziert. Die Kontinenz nach tiefer Resektion verbessert sich im Laufe des ersten Jahres. Blasenstörungen und Potenzstörungen sind nach Resektion signifikant seltener. Die 5-Jahres-Überlebenszeit ist nach Resektion oder Exstirpation gleich, wenn bei der Operation die Lymphknoten tumorfrei waren.
    Notes: Summary In 1975 the authors treated 120 cases of rectal cancer by abdominoperineal excision resection. Tumors situated less than 6 cm from the anal verge should be treated by excision of the rectum. The Erlanger magnetic device is implanted to achieve a continent colostomy. Tumors situated above 6 cm should be treated by anterior resection. Rectal continence improves over the first year after deep anterior resection. Disturbances of the lower urinary tract and sexual impotence are more frequent after excision of the rectum. In patients with no involvement of the lymph nodes, the 5-year survival rate is similar after excision as after resection of the rectum.
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