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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International orthopaedics 3 (1980), S. 305-309 
    ISSN: 1432-5195
    Keywords: Distal hamstring lengthening ; Cerebral palsy ; Muscle contracture ; Gait analysis ; Cinephotography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé La contracture d'origine neurologique a été corrigée chez 66 malades par allongement des ischiojambiers au niveau de leurs tendons terminaux. L'article étudie les résultats à long terme obtenus chez 34 infirmes moteurs cérébraux. L'efficacité de l'intervention a été évaluée sur le plan fonctionnel d'après la mobilité articulaire et la qualité de la marche. La discussion porte sur les avantages de cette opération et la nécessité de soins post-opératoires prolongés.
    Notes: Summary Distal elongation of the hamstrings was performed for contracture due to neurogenic disorders in 66 patients. A follow-up study on 34 of the patients with cerebral palsy is reported here. The success of the operation was judged by functional evaluation including joint measurement and gait analysis. The advantages of this operation and the need for prolonged aftercare are discussed.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 13 (1977), S. 121-122 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 211 (1975), S. 25-38 
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Cerebral vasoparalysis ; Arterial hypertension ; Brain edema ; Hypercapnia ; Hypoxaemia ; Regional cerebral blood flow
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In den vorliegenden Untersuchungen sollte die Frage eines sogenannten Filtrationsödems im Rahmen einer cerebralen Vasoparalyse und/oder einer arteriellen Hypertension geklärt werden. Bei Gruppen von Hunden wurde in Chloralose-Urethan-Narkose eine cerebrale Vasoparalyse durch Hyperkapnie (PaCO2 um 150 mm Hg) und Hypoxämie (PaO2 40–60 mm Hg), eine arterielle Hypertension sowie eine Kombination von Vasoparalyse und arterieller Hypertension erzeugt. Unter den Bedingungen einer Vasoparalyse und Hypertension kommt es zu einem erheblichen Abfall des cerebrovasculären Widerstandes, während der venöse Widerstand geringgradig ansteigt. Die Folge ist eine Zunahme der Hirndurchblutung, eine Zunahme des intrakraniellen Druckes sowie eine Druckzunahme im postcapillären Bereich (SSWP und CSP). Ein Hirnödem in verschiedenen Hirnarealen konnte bei alleiniger Vasoparalyse bei intakter Blut-Hirn-Schranke nicht nachgewiesen werden, selbst wenn der arterielle Blutdruck mehr als 90 min über 180 mm Hg lag. Erst wenn neben der Vasoparalyse die arterielle Hypertension länger als 90 min über 220 mm Hg bestand, konnte eine statistisch signifikante Zunahme des Wassergehaltes in der weißen Substanz gefunden werden. Unabhängig davon fanden sich in der Hirnrinde nach arterieller Hypertension wie auch nach Hypertension und Vasoparalyse punktförmige Evans-Blau-Extravasate, welche eine Schädigung der Blut-Hirn-Schranke anzeigen. In diesen blaugefärbten, punktförmigen Arealen lag der Wassergehalt deutlich über der Norm. Aus den Ergebnissen wird geschlossen, daß die Vasoparalyse allein nicht in der Lage ist, ein Hirnödem über den erhöhten hydrostatischen Druckgradienten zwischen Intravasalraum und Extracellulärraum zu erzeugen. Erst wenn sich zu der Vasoparalyse eine stärkere arterielle Hypertension addiert, findet sich in den Arealen der weißen Substanz ein solches Ödem. Die akute Hypertension selbst ist aber in der Lage, in der Hirnrinde fokale Störungen der Blut-Hirn-Schranke auszulösen. Das von mehreren Autoren bei den klinischen Zuständen von Vasoparalyse beschriebene „brain swelling“ kann demnach nicht bzw. nicht allein auf Hirnödem zurückgeführt werden, sondern ist meist durch das erhöhte Blutvolumen zu erklären. Die klinischen Konsequenzen dieser Befunde werden diskutiert.
    Notes: Summary The present studies were performed in order to determine whether “filtration edema” will develop as a consequence of cerebral vasoparalysis, vasoparalysis in combination with arterial hypertension or arterial hypertension alone. A series of dogs, anaesthetised with i.v. Chloralose-Urethane were exposed 1) to cerebral vasoparalysis, produced by hypercapnia (PaCO2 about 150 mm Hg) and hypoxaemia (PaO2 40–60 mm Hg); 2) to arterial hypertension and 3) to a combination of cerebral vasoparalysis and arterial hypertension. Following cerebral vasoparalysis and arterial hypertension, a significant decrease of total cerebrovascular resistance and moderate increase of venous resistance was observed. Regional cerebral blood flow (133Xe), intracranial pressure, as well as the pressure in postcapillary venous outflow (sinus sagittalis wedge pressure and confluence sinuum pressure) were increased. Neither normotonic vasoparalysis nor vasoparalysis in combination with slight arterial hypertension (MABP more than 90 min above 180 mm Hg) resulted in cerebral edema. In contrast, cerebral vasoparalysis in combination with severe arterial hypertension (MABP more than 90 min above 220 mm Hg) resulted in a statistically significant increase in the water content in the white matter without evidence of protein extravasation. Multiple small foci of Evans blue extravasates, however, were found in the cortex following arterial hypertension in combination with vasodilation, indicating a damage of the blood brain barrier. In these blue stained cortical areas the water content was significantly increased. The following conclusions were drawn from the results. Vasoparalysis during normotension does not produce brain edema despite the slightly elevated hydrostatic pressure gradient between intravasal and extracellular space. Only considerable increase of this hydrostatic pressure gradient caused by a combination of vasoparalysis with severe arterial hypertension is able to produce brain edema in the white matter. In addition, acute hypertension may cause minor multifocal damage of the blood brain barrier in the cerebral cortex. It is concluded that so-called brain swelling, which has been described by several authors in states of cerebral vasoparalysis, is not predominantly caused by brain edema but by vascular congestion. The clinical aspects of the result are discussed.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 55 (1968), S. 131-132 
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 56 (1969), S. 326-326 
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The development of the intracranial pressure after a subarachnoid haemorrhage was evaluated in 21 patients. A statistically significant relation between the intracranial pressure and the neurological findings was found, whereas vasospasms did not influence the intracranial pressure. In patients in a clinically critical condition, rhythmic pressure waves of a frequency of 1/minute were repeatedly observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 11 (1963), S. 294-304 
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary An analysis of the circulatory state in 1639 head injury patients in the acute phase has shown that a definite “shock” syndrome with severe circulatory collapse is remarkably rarely observed; it only develops if extensive additional damage (abdominal, thoracic, or in the extremities) is present. In contrast, it is very common in the acute stage to see a so-called hypertonic circulatory state, especially in patients with the injury confined to the head. The degree of the hypertonic reaction seems to be related in many cases to the severity of the injury. A rise in systolic pressure to about 200 mm. Hg. or over was found almost exclusively in patients with severe damage to the brain substance, whilst smaller and usually transient rises in arterial pressure occurred in the mild to moderately severe cases of cerebral contusion. In conclusion there is a short discussion of the factors responsible for this remarkable hypertonic type of circulatory reaction.
    Abstract: Résumé Une analyse de l'état circulatoire sur 1639 malades atteints à la tête dans la phase aiguë a montré qu'un syndrome précis de “shock” avec grave collapsus est très rarement observé; il se développe seulement si une importante lésion additionnelle se présente (abdominale, thoracique ou dans les extrémités). — Au contraire c'est très commun dans le stade aigu de voir un état circulatoire appelé hypertonique surtout chez les malades à la lésion limitée à la tête. Le degré de la réaction hypertonique semble être en rapport avec la gravité de la lésion dans de nombreux cas. Une élévation de la pression systolique d'environ 200 mm Hg ou plus, fut trouvée presque exclusivement chez les malades atteints d'une grave lésion de la substance cérébrale tandis que des élévations moindres et habituellement passagères de la pression artérielle se sont présentées dans les cas bénins et peu graves de contusion cérébrale. En conclusion, il y a une brève discussion des facteurs responsables de ce type hypertonique de réaction circulatoire.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Kreislaufanalyse bei 1639 Schädel-Hirnverletzten im akuten Stadium hat ergeben, daß echte Schocksyndrome mit schwerem Kreislaufkollaps auffallend selten zur Beobachtung gelangen und vorwiegend nur dann, wenn erheblichere Nebenverletzungen (abdominal, thoracal, Extremitäten) bestehen. Sehr viel häufiger ist dagegen eine sogenannte hypertonische Kreislaufreaktion im akuten Stadium zu sehen, insbesondere in Fällen mit einer alleinigen Schädel-Hirnschädigung (ohne anderweitige Nebenverletzungen). Der Schweregrad der hypertonischen Reaktion scheint in manchen Fällen der Schwere der Verletzung zu entsprechen, da systolische Druckanstiege um 200 mg Hg und mehr fast ausschließlich in Fällen mit schweren Zertrümmerungen der Hirnsubstanz gefunden wurden und geringere, meist sehr flüchtige arterielle Drucksteigerungen in leichteren bis mittelschweren Hirnkontusionsfällen. Es folgt eine kurze Erörterung der pathogenetischen Faktoren dieser bemerkenswerten hypertonen Kreislaufreaktionsform im akuten Stadium der craniocerebralen Verletzungen.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: fractional electro-coagulation ; gasserian ganglion ; trigeminal neuralgia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In his experience with 531 surgical procedures for the relief of trigeminal neuralgia between 1955 to 1970, the author developed a strong preference for the percutaneous electro-coagulation of the gasserian ganglion. Although the method was repeatedly modified in the early years, a standardized technique of controlled, selective and fractional coagulation in the semiawake state of neurolept-anaesthesia was used since 1963 in 183 of his 311 patients, treated in this manner. The advantages of the method, particularly in comparison to open intracranial root sections, are: Minimal operative risk, control of operative effect during the operation, small sensibility deficit, low rate of complications, short hospitalization, short convalescence and satisfactory final result in 93% of the patients (after a second or third coagulation, if needed) in a three-year follow-up period.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Closed head injuries ; intracranial pressure ; volume pressure response ; decompressive craniotomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Measurements of intracranial pressure by ventricular catheter were performed in 47 patients with severe head injuries. Thirty-three patients with decompressive operations such as osteoclastic craniotomy and dilatation by means of duraplastic have been compared with 14 patients with closed heads with regard to volume pressure response (intracranial elasticity). This was determined either by intraventricular injection of 2 ml saline or by drainage of cerebrospinal fluid. The examination clearly shows that patients with closed heads have a much higher intracranial elasticity than patients who have decompressive operations, so that in the first group minor differences of the intracranial volume cause extreme deviations of the intracranial pressure. Therefore, the decompressive operation has been advised in severe head injuries with increased intracranial pressure as a measure additional to high dose dexamethasone therapy and hyperventilation.
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