Keywords:
Radiochemistry.
;
Electronic books.
Description / Table of Contents:
The Technical Applications of Radioactivity, Volume 1 reviews the technical applications of radioactivity, with emphasis on the potentialities of nuclear physics and nuclear chemistry for the peaceful development of industrial productivity. Topics covered range from measurement of radioactivity to the production and chemistry of radio elements, as well as the application of radioactivity in chemical analysis and in the mining, metallurgical, electrical, and engineering industries. Comprised of 13 chapters, this volume first deals with the fundamentals of modern atomic theory, followed by an introduction to the basic facts of radioactivity, the methods used for measuring it, and chemical operations with radioactive substances. Subsequent chapters focus on the use of radioactivity in chemical analysis, hydrology, and water supply, and in industries such as mining and oil production, engineering, and chemical sectors, along with forestry and agriculture. The final chapter looks at precautions in the use of radioactive materials to protect research workers, physicians, and other personnel against the harmful effects of ionizing radiation. This book is written for scientists and scientific or technical workers.
Type of Medium:
Online Resource
Pages:
1 online resource (370 pages)
Edition:
1st ed.
ISBN:
9781483225128
URL:
https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/geomar/detail.action?docID=1819976
DDC:
541.38
Language:
English
Note:
Front Cover -- The Technical Applications of Radioactivity -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- FOREWORD TO THE FIRST EDITION -- FOREWORD TO THE SECOND EDITION -- FOREWORD TO THE THIRD EDITION -- NOTE ON BIBLIOGRAPHY -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION -- 1.1. The Importance of Radioactivity for Science and Industry -- 1.2. The Development of Knowledge about the Atomic Nucleus -- Chapter 2. FUNDAMENTALS OF RADIOACTIVITY -- 2.1. The Atom as a Planetary System -- 2.2. The Electrons in the Atoms -- 2.3. Molecules -- 2.4. Isotopy -- 2.5. Isotope Effects -- 2.6. Radioactivity -- 2.7. α-radiation -- 2.8. β-radiation -- 2.9. γ-radiation -- 2.10. Radiation from the Extranuclear Region Due to Radioactivity -- 2.11. Energy of Radiations -- 2.12. Induced Nuclear Reactions -- 2.13. Nuclear Fission -- 2.14. Absorption of Radiation: Preliminary Remarks -- 2.15. Absorption of α-radiation -- 2.16. Absorption of β-radiation -- 2.17. Absorption of γ-radiation -- 2.18. Radiation Dose -- 2.19. Decay of Radionuclides -- 2.20. Radioactive Equilibrium -- 2.21. Statistical Fluctuations of Radioactivity -- General References to Chapter 2 -- Chapter 3. THE MEASUREMENT OF RADIOACTIVITY -- 3.1. Introductory Remarks -- 3.2. Ionization Chambers -- 3.3. Proportional Counters -- 3.4. Geiger Counters -- 3.5. Scintillation Counters -- 3.6. Photographic Detection Methods -- 3.7. Preparation of Solid Samples -- General References to Chapter 3 -- Chapter 4. THE PRODUCTION AND CHEMISTRY OF RADIOELEMENTS -- 4.1. Production of Radionuclides -- 4.2. General Aspects of Radiochemistry -- 4.3. Radiochemical Procedures -- 4.4. Radiosyntheses -- General References to Chapter 4 -- Chapter 5. THE RADIOACTIVE TRACER METHOD -- 5.1. General Characteristics of the Tracer Method -- 5.2. Chemical Radiation Effects as a Disturbing Factor -- 5.3. The Emanation Method.
,
General References to Chapter 5 -- Chapter 6. APPLICATION OF RADIOACTIVITY IN CHEMICAL ANALYSIS -- 6.1. Survey of the Types of Application -- 6.2. Determination of Natural Radioelements -- 6.3. Indicator Analysis -- 6.4. Analysis with Radioactive Reagents -- 6.5. Isotope Dilution Methods -- 6.6. Activation Analysis -- 6.7. Analysis by Absorption or Scattering of Nuclear Rays (Absorption Analysis) -- References to Chapter 6 -- Chapter 7. APPLICATION OF RADIOACTIVITY IN MINING AND OIL PRODUCTION -- 7.1. Mining -- 7.2. Oil Prospecting -- 7.3. Bore-hole Investigations by Measurement of Natural Radioactivity (Gamma-Logging, GL) -- 7.4. Bore-hole Investigations with Radiation Sources -- 7.5. Bore-hole Investigations by Introduction of Radionuclides -- 7.6. Application to Oil Pipe Lines -- References to Chapter 7 -- Chapter 8. APPLICATION OF RADIOACTIVITY IN THE METALLURGICAL, ENGINEERING AND ELECTRICAL INDUSTRIES -- 8.1. Metallurgy -- 8.2. Diffusion in Metais -- 8.3. Composition of Alloy Phases -- 8.4. Abrasion and Wear of Metals -- 8.5. Corrosion and Scaling of Metals -- 8.6. The Electrical Industries -- References to Chapter 8 -- Chapter 9. APPLICATION OF RADIOACTIVITY TO GENERAL PROBLEMS OF THE CHEMICAL INDUSTRY -- 9.1. Determination of Technically Important Physico-chemical Quantities -- 9.2. Elucidation of Reaction Mechanisms -- 9.3. Chemical Process Technology -- 9.4. Industrial Hygiene -- References to Chapter 9 -- Chapter 10. APPLICATION OF RADIOACTIVITY IN VARIOUS BRANCHES OF THE CHEMICAL INDUSTRY -- 10.1. The Cellulose and Paper Industry -- 10.2. The Textile Industry -- 10.3. The Photographic Materials and Printing Industries -- 10.4. The Glass Industry -- 10.5. The Building Materials Industry -- 10.6. The Rubber and Plastics Industry -- 10.7. The Detergents Industry -- 10.8. The Pharmaceutical and Food Industries -- References to Chapter 10.
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Chapter 11. APPLICATION OF RADIOACTIVITY IN AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY -- 11.1. Photosynthesis as the Basis of Agriculture and Forestry -- 11.2. Absorption, Transport and Excretion of Substances by Plants -- 11.3. Studies with Fertilizers -- 11.4. Animal Husbandry -- 11.5. Forestry and the Timber Industry -- 11.6. Pest Control -- References to Chapter 11 -- Chapter 12. APPLICATION OF RADIOACTIVITY IN HYDROLOGY AND WATER SUPPLY -- 12.1. Determination of Water Quality -- 12.2. Preparation and Measurement of Labelled Water -- 12.3. Tracing of Water -- 12.4. Flow Velocity in Water Courses -- 12.5. Hydrological Methods Based on Natural Tracers -- 12.6. Productivity of Waters -- 12.7. Movement of Sand and Gravel -- 12.8. Water Content of Soils -- References to Chapter 12 -- Chapter 13. RADIATION PROTECTION -- 13.1. Preliminary Remarks -- 13.2. The Concept of Tolerance Dose -- 13.3. External Radiation Exposure -- 13.4. Internal Radiation Exposure -- 13.5. Some Practical Advice -- 13.6. Work with High Activities -- References to Chapter 13 -- APPENDIX 1: List of Radionuclides Important for Practical Use -- APPENDIX 2: Important Units and Conversion Factors -- INDEX.
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