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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alternative splicing of IL-24 in melanocytes by deletion of exons 3 and 5 (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 32 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Two novel interleukin-24 (IL-24) splice variants were identified in normal human melanocytes by sequencing cloned polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products that are not expressed in metastatic melanoma. These gene products have been generated by differential skipping of exons 3 (IL-24 delE3) and 5 (IL-24 delE5). IL-24 delE3 has limited sequence identity to the IL-24-interacting protein mda-7s, and IL-24 delE5 is homologous to IL-24.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.2005.00540.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nucleoli, nucleolar chromosomes and ribosomal genes in the human spermatocyte (1991)
    Springer
    Chromosoma 101 (1991), S. 231-244 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The formation and development of nucleoli and their connections with the nucleolar chromosomes were studied in human spermatocytes using electron microscopy, silver staining of nucleolus organizer regions (NORs), high resolution autoradiography and in situ hybridization in order to localize rRNA genes and their transcription in the different stages of meiotic prophase I. At leptotene, new nucleoli were formed, consisting of a fibrillar centre surrounded by a cap of dense fibrillar component. Following [3H]uridine uptake, label was found only over the dense fibrillar component. In situ hybridization revealed rDNA mainly in the dense fibrillar component and in the chromatin. During zygotene, nucleoli increased in size. The fibrillar centre was connected with the secondary constriction region of the nucleolar bivalent and was partially surrounded by dense fibrillar component. This shell of dense fibrillar component merged into a fibrillo-granular mesh that extended away from the fibrillar centre. Autoradiography following [3H]uridine uptake again showed the label overlaying the dense fibrillar component and the proximal part of the fibrillo-granular strands. With in situ hybridization in both the light and electron microscope, signal was mainly found in the dense fibrillar component. A small quantity of label was observed in the peripheral region of the fibrillar centre and in the adjacent chromatin. From early to late pachytene segregation of nucleolar components occurred, with a reduction in the dense fibrillar component that formed a narrow rim around the fibrillar centre with small extensions along the granular component. [3H]uridine incorporation progressively decreased. In situ hybridization showed signal located mainly in the dense fibrillar component and in the chromatin corresponding to the condensed short arm of the nucleolar bivalent. Our results indicate that the majority of rDNA is located and transcribed in the dense fibrillar component; only a small amount is present in the peripheral part of the fibrillar centre and may be transcribed there. Moreover, from leptotene to zygotene, rDNA unravels from the nucleolar chromosome into the nucleolar dense fibrillar component. From zygotene to late pachytene a progressive return to the condensed acrocentric short arm is observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00365155
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Signal amplification at the ultrastructural level using biotinylated tyramides and immunogold detection (1997)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 108 (1997), S. 313-319 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The tyramide amplification technique has recently been developed for signal enhancement in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and western blots. This method relies on using labelled tyramides as substrates for peroxidase, resulting in an immobilization of the labelled tyramide residues (tyramide reaction). We succeeded in establishing reliable protocols for the use of the tyramide reaction at the electron microscopic (EM) level. As model systems we chose the visualization of DNA in late spermatocytes, of actin in skeletal muscle, and the visualization of an rDNA probe after DNA-DNA in situ hybridization. We observed a significant increase in signal density after performing the tyramide reaction at the EM level. The tyramide amplification technique at the ultrastructural level therefore appears to be a useful tool to detect even a few epitopes present at the surface of a section as shown after in situ hybridization. It offers advantages over other amplification systems, such as the peroxidase-mediated deposition of diaminobenzidine, because of an increased spatial resolution, whereas specificity and sensitivity are comparable to the conventional immunogold detection method.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004180050171
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Arrangement of individual human ribosomal DNA fragments on stretched DNA fibers (1998)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 110 (1998), S. 201-205 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  We studied the arrangement of individual human ribosomal (r)DNA repeats by direct visualization of rDNA sequences. We used high resolution fluorescence in situ hybridization on preparations of DNA fibers released from interphase nuclei of HeLa cells. Probes from both the transcription unit and the intergenic spacer were used, and lengths of signals and of the gaps in between were measured and compared to molecular data. We could visualize the repetitive arrangement of individual rDNA sequences at the single gene level. No inversions or deletions were detected. The intergenic spacer was found to be shorter than expected, indicating a length polymorphism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004180050282
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nucleolar morphology and rDNA in situ hybridisation in monocytes (1992)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 269 (1992), S. 473-480 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Nucleolus ; rDNA ; Nucleolus organiser regions ; Silver staining ; Monocytes ; In situ hybridisation ; Man
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The aim of this study was to correlate morphological changes of nucleoli of non-proliferating monocytes to their functional activity, since nucleolar morphology is currently considered as a diagnostic marker for cell proliferation. Monocytes from healthy donors were fractionated by current counterflow centrifugation and kept in culture for 6 days. Cells were stimulated by the addition of 200 units/ml interferon γ (IFNγ). Under this stimulus the monocytes show no proliferation but a strongly augmented expression of type I Fc IgG receptor, human leucocyte antigen DR, human leucocyte antigen DP and human leucocyte antigen DQ. Morphological changes after stimulation included the appearance of multinucleated cells, typical signs of the activation of rRNA synthesis indicated by an increase in nucleolar size, and changes in nucleolar structure such as the appearance of reticulate and compact nucleoli. The number of nucleolus organiser regions (NORs) visualised by in situ hybridisation was compared with the position and number of nucleoli visualised by silverstaining in interphase cells. In comparison with control cultures, activated monocytes show a distinct increase in the number of those NORs that take part in the formation of nucleoli. Our results show that, in non-proliferating activated monocytes, the morphology of nucleoli and the increase of NOR activity are similar to those in proliferating cells. NOR activation is therefore an indicator for cellular activity, but is not necessarily correlated with proliferation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00353902
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