Note: Intro -- Contents -- Preface -- Chapter 1 -- The Role of Energy Reserve and Magnetic Energy Storage -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Material and Methods -- Theoretical Framework -- t Calculations -- Results -- Economic Analysis -- Economic Benefits -- Environmental Benefits -- Discussion -- Community Legislation (EU) -- National Legislation -- Regulation and Standardization -- Comparison with Other Countries -- Conclusion and Political Implications -- Appendiсes -- Appendix A. -- A.1. Normative Aspects -- A.2. Economics Aspects -- Appendix B. -- Appendix C. -- Appendix D. -- D.1. United States of America -- D.2. Japan -- D.3.. Germany -- References -- Chapter 2 -- Superconducting Fault Current Limiter in Distribution Substations -- Abstract -- Abbreviations -- Introduction -- Description of the SFCL Installation Components -- Advantages and Disadvantages of the SFCL System -- Economic Justification -- Avoided Cost for Non-Delivered Energy -- Increase Efficiency for Parallel Transformer Operation -- Avoided Costs of Transformer Disconnection -- Avoided Costs for Generator Unavailability -- Avoided Costs for Replacement, Repair and Maintenance -- Avoided Cost for Equipment Life Time -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 3 -- Distribution Transformer Loss Reductions -- Abstract -- Nomenclature -- Introduction -- Energy Losses in Transformers -- Transformer Losses -- No Load Losses -- Load Losses -- Losses in Parallel Transformer Systems -- Methodology and Study -- The Transformer Facilities Studied -- Calculation of the Losses and Determination of the PLO -- Analysis of the Maintenance Protocols -- Results and Analysis -- The Optimization Point Calculation -- Energy Savings in the Monitored Facilities. Experimental Validation -- Experimental Data of the Maintenance Operations -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 4. , Energy Efficiency Improvement in Power Converters -- Abstract -- Nomenclature -- 1. Introduction -- 2. System Configuration and Modelling -- 2.1. Design of the Three-Phase Hysteresis Controlled VSI Converter -- 2.2. Working Principle: Fixed-Band Hysteresis Controller -- 2.3. Simulation of the Three-Phase Hysteresis Controlled Inverter -- 2.4. Sensitivity Analysis -- 3. Laboratory Implementation -- 3.1. Power Module -- 3.2. LC Filter -- 3.3. Control Board -- 4. Results and Analysis -- 5. Discussion -- Conclusion -- References -- About the Editors -- Index -- Blank Page -- Contents -- Preface -- Chapter 1 -- The Role of Energy Reserve and Magnetic Energy Storage -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Material and Methods -- Theoretical Framework -- t Calculations -- Results -- Economic Analysis -- Economic Benefits -- Environmental Benefits -- Discussion -- Community Legislation (EU) -- National Legislation -- Regulation and Standardization -- Comparison with Other Countries -- Conclusion and Political Implications -- Appendiсes -- Appendix A. -- A.1. Normative Aspects -- A.2. Economics Aspects -- Appendix B. -- Appendix C. -- Appendix D. -- D.1. United States of America -- D.2. Japan -- D.3.. Germany -- References -- Chapter 2 -- Superconducting Fault Current Limiter in Distribution Substations -- Abstract -- Abbreviations -- Introduction -- Description of the SFCL Installation Components -- Advantages and Disadvantages of the SFCL System -- Economic Justification -- Avoided Cost for Non-Delivered Energy -- Increase Efficiency for Parallel Transformer Operation -- Avoided Costs of Transformer Disconnection -- Avoided Costs for Generator Unavailability -- Avoided Costs for Replacement, Repair and Maintenance -- Avoided Cost for Equipment Life Time -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 3 -- Distribution Transformer Loss Reductions -- Abstract. , Nomenclature -- Introduction -- Energy Losses in Transformers -- Transformer Losses -- No Load Losses -- Load Losses -- Losses in Parallel Transformer Systems -- Methodology and Study -- The Transformer Facilities Studied -- Calculation of the Losses and Determination of the PLO -- Analysis of the Maintenance Protocols -- Results and Analysis -- The Optimization Point Calculation -- Energy Savings in the Monitored Facilities. Experimental Validation -- Experimental Data of the Maintenance Operations -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 4 -- Energy Efficiency Improvement in Power Converters -- Abstract -- Nomenclature -- 1. Introduction -- 2. System Configuration and Modelling -- 2.1. Design of the Three-Phase Hysteresis Controlled VSI Converter -- 2.2. Working Principle: Fixed-Band Hysteresis Controller -- 2.3. Simulation of the Three-Phase Hysteresis Controlled Inverter -- 2.4. Sensitivity Analysis -- 3. Laboratory Implementation -- 3.1. Power Module -- 3.2. LC Filter -- 3.3. Control Board -- 4. Results and Analysis -- 5. Discussion -- Conclusion -- References -- About the Editors -- Index -- Blank Page.

Note: Capa -- Sumário -- Capítulo 1 - Fazendo um Passeio pelas Teorias da Aprendizagem -- Capítulo 2 - Tecnologia e Educação -- Capítulo 3 - Proposta Metodológica para Realização do Estudo -- Capítulo 4 - Apresentando o Produto Educacional Blog -- Capítulo 5 - Pesquisas: Apresentação e Discussão dos Resultados -- Capítulo 6 - Software Tracker - Passo a Passo -- Capítulo 7 - Considerações Finais -- Referências.

Note: Intro -- Contents -- Preface -- Chapter 1 -- Solar Thermal and PV Cooling Systems -- Abstract -- Nomenclature -- Symbols -- Introduction -- Methodology -- Description of the Compared Solar Systems -- Reference System -- Photovoltaic Cooling System -- Thermal Solar Cooling System -- Solar Collectors -- Solar Heat Exchanger -- Solar Storage Tank -- Auxiliary Storage (Heat) -- Cooling Tower -- Thermal Chiller -- Solar Loop Control -- Thermal Chiller Control Strategy -- Cold Distribution System -- Description of the Building -- Simulations Tools -- TRANSOL -- INSEL -- Simulation Procedure and Considerations -- Simulation Step -- Weather Data -- Load Data -- Assumptions for the Calculation of Performance Values -- Energy Performance -- Cost Performance -- Results and discussion -- Annual Load Duration Curve -- Specific Useful Net Collector Output -- Electrical COPs of the Thermal Solar Cooling System and Photovoltaic Solar Cooling System -- Primary Energy (PE) -- Specific Primary Energy Savings -- Cost Performance Sensitivity Analysis -- Capital costs and sensitivity analysis -- Annual Operation and Maintenance Costs -- Total Annual Costs -- Cost of Saved Primary Energy -- Payback Analysis -- Other Facts -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 2 -- The Effect of Scattering in Parabolic Trough Collectors -- Abstract -- Nomenclature -- Greek Symbols -- Introduction -- Model for the Study -- Characteristic Equation of the PTC for the Model -- Increase in HTF Enthalpy -- Power Absorbed by HTF -- Power Lost by HTF -- Complete Equation for a Loop Comprised of Four SCAs in Series -- General Solar Field Balance -- Scattered Parameters of the PTC and Their Distribution in the Solar Field -- Distribution Functions for the Parameters of PusefulSCA -- Distribution of SCA Energy Losses in the Solar Field, PlossSCA. , Generation of a Solar Field with Scattered Parameters -- Simulation of the Solar Field -- Calculation of the Required Mass Flow Rate of HTF in Each Loop -- Outlet Temperature of HTF in the Solar Field: The Problem of Controlling the Temperature by Means of HTF Flow -- Solar Power Wasted Due to Defocusing -- Results -- Simulation 1: Comparison between the Parameters of PusefulSCA and PlossSCA -- Simulation 2: Operation Mass Flow Rate and Defocusing -- Simulation 3: Calculation of Losses Due to Defocusing -- Conclusion and Future Work -- References -- Chapter 3 -- Water Consumption in Solar Parabolic Trough Plants -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Water resources in Spain -- Water Consumption in SPT Plants -- Cooling System Types in SPT Plants Based on the Rankine Cycle -- Wet Evaporative Cooling System -- In Dry Air Cooling -- Indirect Dry Cooling System (Heller Type) -- Hybrid Cooling System (Air and Evaporative) -- Analysis and Comparison of the Different Cooling Systems -- The Spain Case: Implementation of Electrical Power Plants Based on SPT Technology -- Alternatives and Technological Improvements of the State-of-the-Art Cooling System -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 4 -- Water Canal Uses in PV Schemes -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Tajo-Segura Canal Study Area and Potential for the Study -- Similar Infrastructures -- Study Methodology -- Initial Resource Requirements -- Available Canal Area -- Usable Canal Space -- Photovoltaic Technology Options -- Photovoltaic Modules Layout -- Hydraulic Benefits of the Canal -- Photovoltaic Panel Cooling -- Infrastructure -- Installed and Supplied Power -- Installed Power -- Supplied Power -- Electric Power Delivery to Network -- Classic Photovoltaic Power Plant Solution -- Photovoltaic Power Plant Using More Power Feed-in Points -- Power Delivery through High Voltage Direct Current Option. , Economical Study -- Conclusion -- References -- Annex I -- Annex II -- Annex III -- About the Editors -- Index -- Blank Page -- Blank Page.

Note: Intro -- CONTENTS -- FOREWORD -- PREFACE -- List of Contributors -- Antimatter-Matter and Matter-Matter Atomic Interactions: Their Similarities and Differences -- R.D. DuBois* -- INTRODUCTION -- TOTAL CROSS SECTION COMPARISONS -- CROSS SECTION COMPARISONS FOR SINGLE AND DOUBLE ELECTRON REMOVAL -- SINGLE AND DOUBLE DIFFERENTIAL CROSS SECTION COMPARISONS -- TRIPLY DIFFERENTIAL CROSS SECTION COMPARISONS -- CONCLUSION -- CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION -- CONFLICT OF INTEREST -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Translational Nascent Kinetic Energy of the CH2Cl2 Molecule After Photoexcitation Around Cl 2p Edge and its Implications to the Physics of Atmosphere -- K.F. Alcantara1, A.B. Rocha3, A.H.A. Gomes4, W. Wolff2, L. Sigaud5 and A.C.F. Santos2,* -- INTRODUCTION -- EXPERIMENT -- THEORETICAL APPROACH -- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- Pepico Spectra -- The Dication CH2Cl22+ -- CONCLUSION -- CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION -- CONFLICT OF INTEREST -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Selective Excision of Biomolecules in Electron Transfer Experiments: Current Developments and Achievements -- Paulo Limão-Vieira1,*, Filipe Ferreira da Silva1 and Gustavo García2 -- INTRODUCTION -- FUNDAMENTAL ASPECTS OF ELECTRON TRANSFER PROCESSES -- EXPERIMENTAL SET-UP -- EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- Nucleobases -- H- Site- and Bond-selective Formation -- NCO- Site- and Bond-selective Formation -- Radiosensitizers -- DNA/RNA Sugar Units and Their Derivatives -- Single Chain Aminoacids -- CONCLUSIONS -- CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION -- CONFLICT OF INTEREST -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- On the Sudden Removal of Two Outer-shell Electrons in Atoms -- A.C. F. Santos1,* and D. P. Almeida2 -- INTRODUCTION -- METHODS -- RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS -- CONCLUSION -- CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION -- CONFLICT OF INTEREST -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENT -- REFERENCES. , Multielectronic Processes in Particle and Antiparticle Collisions with Rare Gases -- Claudia C. Montanari* -- INTRODUCTION -- THEORETICAL DESCRIPTION -- THE INDEPENDENT PARTICLE MODEL FOR MULTIPLE IONIZATION -- CDW-EIS Ionization Probabilities by Proton, Antiproton, Electron and Positron Impact -- Auger Type Postcollisional Ionization -- RESULTS AND DATA OF PARTICLE AND ANTIPARTICLE IONIZATION: CHARGE AND MASS EFFECTS -- THE MULTIPLE IONIZATION OF NE -- Ne Single Ionization -- Ne Double Ionization -- Ne Triple Ionization -- THE MULTIPLE IONIZATION OF AR -- Ar Single Ionization -- Ar Double Ionization -- Ar Triple Ionization -- Ar Quadruple Ionization -- Ar Quintuple Ionization -- THE MULTIPLE IONIZATION OF KR -- Kr Single Ionization -- Kr Double Ionization -- Kr Triple Ionization -- Kr Quadruple Ionization -- Kr Quintuple Ionization -- The Multiple Ionization of Xe -- Xe Single Ionization -- Xe Double Ionization -- Xe Triple Ionization -- Xe Quadruple Ionization -- Xe Quintuple Ionization -- CONCLUSIONS -- CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION -- CONFLICT OF INTEREST -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Inner Shell Ionization and Excitation of CCl4 and its Relation to Electron Scattering -- A.C.F. Santos1, W.C. Stolte2,*, G.G.B. Souza3, M.M. Sant'Anna1 and K.T. Leung4 -- INTRODUCTION -- EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUE -- RESULTS -- Photoabsorption Spectra -- Ion branching Ratios -- CONCLUSIONS -- CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION -- CONFLICT OF INTEREST -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Multiple Scattering in Electron Rutherford Scattering Spectroscopy -- K. Tőkési* and D. Varga -- INTRODUCTION -- THEORY -- Energy Shift and Broadening Due to Elastic Scattering -- Monte Carlo Simulation -- Elastic Scattering -- Inelastic Scattering -- QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF ELECTRONSPECTRA FROM MULTICOMPONENT SAMPLE - THE CASE OF POLYETHYLENE SAMPLE -- Characterization of the Model. , Verification of the Calculations -- Results of the Monte Carlo Simulations -- Comparison with Experiment -- ENERGY DISTRIBUTION OF ELASTICALLY SCATTERED ELECTRONS FROM DOUBLE LAYER SAMPLES -- Physical Model of the Calculations -- The Present Monte Carlo Approach -- ANALYTICAL TREATMENT OF THE SINGLE SCATTERING PROBLEM -- General Expressions -- Peak Shape Analysis -- Results of the Monte Carlo Simulations -- The Components of the Energy Distributions -- The Ratios of the Peak Intensities -- The Separation of the Peaks -- Peak Widths -- Comparison with Experiments -- CONCLUSIONS -- CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION -- CONFLICT OF INTEREST -- ACKNOWLEDGMENT -- REFERENCES -- Four-body Effects in the 6He + 58Ni Scattering -- Viviane Morcelle1, Manuela Rodríguez-Gallardo2 and Rubens Lichtenthäler3,* -- INTRODUCTION -- EXPERIMENTAL METHOD AND RESULTS -- The Ribras Facility -- The 6He + 58Ni Experiment -- THEORETICAL DESCRIPTION -- APPLICATION TO 6HE + 58NI SCATTERING -- ANALYSIS OF THE TOTAL REACTION CROSS SECTIONS -- CONCLUSIONS -- CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION -- CONFLICT OF INTEREST -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Twin Atoms from Doubly Excited States of the Hydrogen Molecule Induced by Electron Impact -- Ginette Jalbert1,*, J. Robert2, F. Zappa3, C. R. de Carvalho1, Aline Medina4, L. O. Santos4, F. Impens1 and N.V. de Castro Faria1 -- INTRODUCTION -- DOUBLY EXCITED STATES OF THE HYDROGEN MOLECULE -- EXPERIMENTAL SETUP -- EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS -- CONCLUSIONS -- CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION -- CONFLICT OF INTEREST -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- SUBJECT INDEX.

Note: Intro -- Folha de rosto -- Semear palavras -- Cidades e cosmofobia -- Somos compartilhantes -- Arquitetura e contracolonialismo -- Colonialismo de submissão -- Criar solto, plantar cercado -- Sobre o autor -- Sobre o artista -- Créditos.

Note: Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Measures to Remove Geothermal Energy Barriers in the European Union -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Materials and Methods -- 2.3 Results and Discussion -- 2.3.1 Block 1: Level of Implementation -- 2.3.2 Block 2: Barriers -- 2.3.3 Block 3: Measures -- 2.3.4 Block 4: Advantages -- 2.3.5 Block 5: Closed Questions Questionnaire -- 2.4 Conclusions -- Appendices -- Appendix A -- Appendix B -- Appendix C -- Appendix D -- References -- 3 Thermal Desalination Potential with Parabolic Trough Collectors and Geothermal Energy in the Spanish Southeast -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Materials and Methods -- 3.2.1 Starting Data -- 3.2.2 Analytical Thermodynamic Modeling for the Solar Resource -- 3.2.3 Experimental Modeling of the Geothermal Resource. -- 3.2.4 Configurations of the Solar and Geothermal Resource to Feed the MED -- 3.3 Results and Discussion -- 3.3.1 An Approach to the Mix Solar-Geothermal Desalination Potential of the A.G.U.A Project -- 3.4 Conclusions -- Appendices -- Appendix A -- Appendix B -- Appendix C. Geological and Hydrographical Conditions in Almeria -- Appendix D -- References -- 4 Economic and Environmental Benefits of Geothermal Energy in Industrial Processes -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Materials and Methods -- 4.2.1 Thermal Criterion -- 4.2.2 Geothermal Criterion -- 4.2.3 Business Criterion -- 4.2.4 Calculation of CO2 Emissions Avoidance to the Atmosphere -- 4.2.5 Calculation of the Return on Investment: Calculation of the Next Present Value, Internal Rate of Return, and Payback Period -- 4.3 Results and Discussion -- 4.3.1 Analysis of the Geothermal Potential of the SHIP-Plants Companies in Spain -- 4.4 Conclusions -- Appendices -- Appendix A -- Classification of the Industrial Processes -- Appendix B -- B.1 Range 1 -- B.2 Range 2 and 3 -- B.3 Range 4 -- B.4 Range 5 -- Appendix C. , Appendix D -- Classification of Economic Activities -- Appendix E -- Energy Consumption by Sector of Activity in Spain -- Appendix F. Information and Calculations for this Appendix Are in These Links: -- References -- 5 Conclusions -- Reference.

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