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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 91 (1989), S. 1173-1178 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The two-point cluster function C2(r1,r2) is determined for a D-dimensional interpenetrable-sphere continuum model from Monte Carlo simulations. C2(r1,r2) gives the probability of finding two points, at positions r1 and r2, in the same cluster of particles, and thus provides a measure of clustering in continuum-percolation systems. A pair of particles are said to be "connected'' when they overlap. Results are reported for D=1,2, and 3 at selected values of the sphere number density ρ and of the impenetrability index λ, 0≤λ≤1. The extreme limits λ=0 and 1 correspond, respectively, to the cases of fully penetrable spheres ("Swiss-cheese'' model) and totally impenetrable spheres.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of cardiac surgery 4 (1989), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1540-8191
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Traumatic aortic transaction is a life-threatening surgical emergency. Therapy must be directed at rapid repair and prevention of postoperative complications, the most serious being paraplegia. Controversy over the optimal method of repair exists-specifically whether the use of a shunt modifies the outcome. Our series of 17 patients using left atrial to femoral bypass with the Biomedicus pump will be discussed. Preoperative preparation and operative technique will be outlined. Mortality in this series was 18%, the incidence of paraplegia was 0.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: It has recently been shown that transition metal cations Zn2+ and Cu2+ bind to histidine residues of nerve growth factor (NGF) and other neurotrophins (a family of proteins important for neuronal survival) leading to their inactivation. Experimental data and theoretical considerations indicate that transition metal cations may destabilize the ionic form of histidine residues within proteins, thereby decreasing their pKa values. Because the release of transition metal cations and acidification of the local environment represent important events associated with brain injury, the ability of Zn2+ and Cu2+ to bind to neurotrophins in acidic conditions may alter neuronal death following stroke or as a result of traumatic injury. To test the hypothesis that metal ion binding to neurotrophins is influenced by pH, the effects of Zn2+ and Cu2+ on NGF conformation, receptor binding and NGF tyrosine kinase (trkA) receptor signal transduction were examined under conditions mimicking cerebral acidosis (pH range 5.5–7.4). The inhibitory effect of Zn2+ on biological activities of NGF is lost under acidic conditions. Conversely, the binding of Cu2+ to NGF is relatively independent of pH changes within the studied range. These data demonstrate that Cu2+ has greater binding affinity to NGF than Zn2+ at reduced pH, consistent with the higher affinity of Cu2+ for histidine residues. These findings suggest that cerebral acidosis associated with stroke or traumatic brain injury could neutralize the Zn2+-mediated inactivation of NGF, whereas corresponding pH changes would have little or no influence on the inhibitory effects of Cu2+. The importance of His84 of NGF for transition metal cation binding is demonstrated, confirming the involvement of this residue in metal ion coordination.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Chemical research in toxicology 7 (1994), S. 191-198 
    ISSN: 1520-5010
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Chemical research in toxicology 6 (1993), S. 880-888 
    ISSN: 1520-5010
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1520-5010
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Animal Behaviour 6 (1958), S. 251 
    ISSN: 0003-3472
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Applied Surface Science 78 (1994), S. 71-75 
    ISSN: 0169-4332
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    World journal of surgery 9 (1985), S. 25-36 
    ISSN: 1432-2323
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Après des études expérimentales utilisant comme pompe d'assistance du coeur gauche une pompe centrifugeuse (Biomédicus) chez des chiens et des agneaux sur des périodes allant jusqu'à trois semaines sans anticoagulants et avec des accidents thrombo-emboliques minimes, nous sommes passés à l'application clinique chez 21 malades. Tous les essais cliniques préalables d'assistance gauche avec anticoagulants, ont abouti à des complications hémorragiques intra-cérébrales ou à des hémorragies d'autres organes. Nous en avons conclu que les “facteurs clés” pour éviter les hémorragies ou les microthromboses étaient de ne pas utiliser d'héparine, mais de maintenir des débits constants aux environs de 2 litres ou plus par minute. A des débits de pompe inférieurs, le taux d'embols fibrineux s'élevait, et l'on pouvait retrouver des micro-thrombi dans la pompe. Pour améliorer la sécurité vis-à-vis des accidents thrombo-emboliques, le corps de pompe était changé toutes les 24 heures. Nous n'avons pas eu à déplorer d'accidents cliniques cérébraux ou thrombo-emboliques. Du 18 février 1980 au 4 février 1983, 3,000 malades ont été opérés sous circulation extra-corporelle à l'hôpital général d'Allegheny. Vingt-et-un malades ont nécessité des assistances gauches prolongées en postopératoires. Les malades étaient surtout des hommes et les âges variaient de 38 à 74 ans (âge moyen 56.2 ans). La pompe centrifugeuse asynchrone Biomédicus, a été utilisée dans tous les cas; une décharge a été pratiquée par l'intermédiaire de canules auriculaires gauches et le retour artériel par une canule aortique Sarns. Pendant l'assistance, le sternum était laissé ouvert mais la peau était suturée. Le temps de Howell était maintenu à 140, mais nous n'avons pas utilisé de façon systématique de l'héparine ou un traitement anticoagulant, seuls 4 patients ont reçu 10,000 unités d'héparine une fois. Les hémorragies furent contrôlées en utilisant du plasma frais congelé, un système d'autotransfusion et des plaquettes. Toutes les 4–8 heures le taux dans le sérum du calcium, du sodium, du chlore, du potassium, des protéines ainsi que l'osmolarité sérique, les globules blancs, les globules rouges, l'hématocrite, les plaquettes étaient mesurés ainsi que le taux sérique d'hémoglobine et le fibrinogène, ainsi aussi que le temps de prothrombine, le temps thromboplastine et les produits de dégradation du fibrinogène. Les pressions intra-cardiaques et le dédit cardiaque étaient mesurés toutes les 2–4 heures. Nous discuterons les résultats hématologiques et physiologiques. Dix patients ont pu être sevrés de l'assistance gauche. Cinq malades sont décédés, la mort survenant 2 à 9 jours après dûe à un bas débit cardiaque et à une arythmie (2), à une septicémie (1), à des complications pulmonaires (2). Cinq malades sont sortis de l'hôpital et sont en vie 1 à 3 ans après l'intervention (22%). L'assistance la plus longue a duré 144 heures, et le malade est décédé de complications pulmonaries 2 jours après avoir été sevré de l'assistance. La simplicité manifeste de l'utilisation d'une pompe centrifugeuse disponible dans le commerce, sans traitement anticoagulant, est une des caractéristiques importante de cette série. Elle nous a conduit à employer cette méthode de façon habituelle dans la chirurgie de réfection et de réparation des anévrysmes thoraciques acquis, des ruptures traumatiques de l'aorte, des dissections aortiques ainsi que pour les assistances ventriculaires temporaires jusqu'à 5–7 jours.
    Abstract: Resumen Como consecuencia de estudios experimentales en los cuales se utilizó la bomba vortex (Bio-Medicus) de asistencia mecánica del corazón izquierdo, en perros y carneros, por períodos hasta de 3 semanas, sin anticoagulación y con mínima incidencia de tromboembolismo, iniciamos el trabajo clínico sin anticoagulación en 21 pacientes. Todos los intentos clínicos previos de asistencia mecánica del corazón izquierdo en los cuales se utilizó anticoagulación, eventualmente resultaron en hemorragia intracerebral u otras complicaciones hemorrágicas. Los factores principales que experimentamos con el fín de prevenir la hemorragia o los microtrombos fueron la omisión de la heparina, pero manteniendo flujos constantes de alrededor de 2 litros o más por minuto. A niveles inferiores se observó la elevación de los productos de descomposición de la fibrina y la presencia de microtrombos en la bomba. Con el fín de lograr una mayor seguridad contra el tromboembolismo, la bomba comercial fué cambiada cada 24 horas. No se presentaron complicaciones clínicas intracerebrales o tromboembólicas. Entre febrero 18 de 1980 y febrero 4 de 1983, 3000 pacientes fueron sometidos a perfusión cardiopulmonar extracorpórea en el Allegheny General Hospital. Veintiún pacientes requirieron asistencia mecánica de ventrículo izquierdo postoperatoria prolongada; predominantemente fueron varones cuyas edades oscilaron entre 38 y 74 años (edad promedio 56.2 años). La bomba vortex asincrónica Bio-Medicus fué utilizada en todos los casos y la descompresión se realizó por via de una cánula AI/VI con el retorno arterial por medio de una cánula en arco de Sarns. Durante el período de asistencia mecánica de ventrículo izquierdo el esternón se mantuvo abierto pero la piel fué reaproximada. El tiempo activado de coagulación fué mantenido en 140 pero no se empleó heparina o anticoagulación. Sólo 4 pacientes recibieron una dosis de 10.000 unidades. La hemorragia fué controlada mediante el uso de plasma fresco congelado, auto-transfusión y plaquetas. Los siguientes parámetros fueron determinados cada 4–8 horas, según indicación: osmolaridad sérica, recuento de leucocitos, recuento de eritrocitos, hematocrito, plaquetas, Hgh sérica, fibrinógeno, tiempo de protombina, tiempo parcial de tromboplastina, productos de descomposición de la fibrina. Las presiones intracardíacas y el gasto cardíaco fueron determinados cada 2–4 horas según indicaciones. Se discutieron los resultados hematológicos y fisiológicos. Diez pacientes pudieron ser exitosamente desahijados del sistema de asistencia mecánica del ventrículo izquierdo. Cinco muertes hospitalarias ocurrieron más tarde (2–9 días) debido a bajo gasto cardíaco o arritmia (2), septicemia (1), y a complicaciones pulmonares (2). Cinco pacientes fueron dados de alta del hospital y se encontraban vivos 1–3 años después de la cirugía (22%). El período más largo de asistencia mecánica fué de 144 horas; este paciente sucumbió por complicaciones pulmonares 2 días después de haber descontinuado la asistencia. La gran simplicidad del uso de una bomba comercialmente disponible y sin anticoagulación, fué una característica sobresaliente en esta serie y nos ha permitido el uso rutinario de este método para la resección y reparación de la aorta torácica en aneurismas adquiridos o en suturas traumáticas o disecciones, así como en la asistencia mecánica temporal del ventrículo izquierdo hasta por 5–7 días.
    Notes: Abstract Following experimental studies using the vortex pump (Bio-Medicus) for left heart assist (LHA) in dogs and lambs for periods up to 3 weeks without anticoagulation and minimal thromboemboli, we initiated the clinical work without anticoagulation in 21 patients. All previous clinical attempts at LHA using anticoagulation eventually resulted in intracerebral or other hemorrhagic complications. The key factors we experienced to prevent bleeding or microthrombus were to omit heparin, but to maintain flows constantly around 2 liters or more per minute. At lower levels, fibrin split products became elevated and microthrombus could be detected in the pump. To further safeguard against thromboembolism, the commercial pump was changed every 24 hr. No clinical intracerebral or thromboembolic complications occurred. From February 18, 1980, to February 4, 1983, three thousand patients underwent cardiopulmonary bypass at Allegheny General Hospital. Twenty-one patients required prolonged postoperative LHA. The patients were predominantly male and ranged in age from 38 to 74 years (mean age 56.2 years). The Bio-Medicus, asynchronous, vortex pump was used on all cases, and decompression was performed via a left atrium/left ventricle cannula and arterial return via a Sarns arch cannula. During LHA the sternum was open, but the skin was approximated. The activated clotting time was maintained at 140, but heparin or anticoagulation was not routinely employed. Only 4 patients received one 10,000-unit dose. Bleeding was controlled by using fresh frozen plasma, autotransfusion, and platelets. Serum calcium (Ca), sodium (Na), chloride (Cl), potassium (K), total protein, serum osmolality, white blood cell count (WBC), red blood cell count (RBC), hematocrit (Hct), platelets, serum hemoglobin (Hgh), fibrinogen, prothrombin time (PT), partial thromboplastin time (PTT), and fibrin split products (FSP) were measured every 4–8 hr, as indicated. Intracardiac pressures and cardiac output (CO) were measured every 2–4 hr as indicated. Hematologic and physiologic results are discussed. Ten patients were successfully weaned from LHA. Five hospital deaths occurred later (2–9 days) from low cardiac output and arrhythmia (2), septicemia (1), and pulmonary complications (2). Five patients were discharged from the hospital and are alive 1–3 years following surgery (22%). The longest assist was 144 hr, and the patient died of pulmonary complications 2 days after the assist was discontinued. The marked simplicity of using a commercially available pump, without anticoagulation, was a salient feature of this series and has led us to employ this method routinely for resection or repair of the thoracic aorta in acquired aneurysms or traumatic tears or dissection as well as temporary left ventricular assist up to 5–7 days.
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject
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