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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chronic β1-adrenoceptor blockade sensitises the H1 and H2 receptor systems in human atrium: rôle of cyclic nucleotides (1996)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 353 (1996), S. 661-670 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Key words Human atrium ; Chronic β-adrenoceptor blockade ; Histamine1 and histamine2 receptor hyperresponsiveness ; Contractile force ; Arrhythmias ; Cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP ; Protein kinase A ; Phosphodiesterase 3
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  We have reported that chronic treatment of patients with β1-adrenoceptor blockers sensitises isolated atrial preparations to adrenaline, noradrenaline and 5-HT. We have now examined the effect of chronic treatment with β-adrenoceptor blockers on responses to histamine of human right atrial appendages. We compared the effects of histamine on contractile force, cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP levels as well as cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) activity and explored the arrhythmogenic effects of histamine in preparations obtained from patients chronically treated or not treated with β-adrenoceptor blockers. Histamine increased contractile force in paced preparations; the effects were blocked by the H2 receptor antagonist famotidine (0.1–30 μmol/l). The maximum inotropic response to histamine was doubled and the inotropic potency of histamine 0.4 log units greater in atria from β-adrenoceptor blocker-treated compared to non β-adrenoceptor blocker-treated patients. Histamine elicited frequency-dependent arrhythmias that were blocked by famotidine (30 μmol/l) but not by mepyramine (1 μmol/l). The incidence of arrhythmias was higher in atria from β-adrenoceptor blocker-treated compared to untreated patients. Histamine increased both cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP levels, as well as PKA activity, significantly more in atria from β-adrenoceptor blocker-treated compared to those from untreated patients. Mepyramine 1 μmol/l prevented the histamine-evoked increase in cyclic GMP levels, reduced the inotropic hyperresponsiveness and abolished the hyperresponsiveness in cyclic AMP levels and PKA activity observed in patients chronically treated with β blockers. Sodium nitroprusside 10 μmol/l caused smaller increases of cyclic GMP levels than histamine and restored the contracile force depressed by mepyramine to its original level in atria from β-adrenoceptor blocker-treated patients. The evidence is consistent with sensitisation of both the histamine H1 and histamine H2 receptor systems by chronic β1-adrenoceptor blockade. H1 receptor-mediated increases in cyclic GMP, enhanced through an as yet unknown mechanism by chronic β1-adrenoceptor blockade, may inhibit phosphodiesterase 3 activity, thereby causing enhanced histamine-evoked increases in cyclic AMP levels and PKA activity, and accounting partially for the increased inotropic responses to histamine through H2 receptors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00167185
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Obesity and impaired prohormone processing associated with mutations in the human prohormone convertase 1 gene (1997)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature genetics 16 (1997), S. 303-306 
    Details
    ISSN: 1546-1718
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] PCI is difficult to access for direct study because its expression is restricted to neuroendocrine tissues. Therefore, the PCI gene of the proband was analysed. Informed consent and approval by the Cambridge Local Research Ethics Committee was obtained for all studies. Fig. 1 Severe early-onset ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ng0797-303
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Both β1- and β2-adrenoceptors mediate catecholamine-evoked arrhythmias in isolated human right atrium (1993)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 348 (1993), S. 536-540 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: β1-adrenoceptors ; β2-adrenoceptors ; Human atrium ; Noradrenaline ; Adrenaline ; Arrhythmias
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The involvement of β1- and β2-adrenoceptors in catecholamine-evoked arrhythmias was investigated in isolated human right atrial appendages obtained from 22 patients chronically treated with β blockers (usually β1-selective) and 9 patients not treated with β blockers. A simple experimental model that assesses the incidence of arrhythmic contractions as a function of heart rate (pacing) is introduced. β1-adrenoceptors were activated by (−)-noradrenaline during β2-adrenoceptor blockade with 50 nmol/l ICI 118551. β2-adrenoceptors were activated by (−)-adrenaline during β1-adrenoceptor blockade with 300 nmol/l CGP 20712A. Both (−)noradrenaline and (−)-adrenaline caused arrhythmic contractions whose incidence was greater at low than at high pacing rates. CGP 20712A (300 nmol/l) blocked the (−)-noradrenaline-evoked contractions in 1/1 atrial strip from 1/1 patient not treated with a β blocker and 17/17 atrial strips from 15/15 patients chronically treated with β blockers. ICI 118551 (50 nmol/l) blocked the (−)-adrenaline-evoked contractions in 3/4 atrial strips from 3/4 patients not treated with β blockers and 17/20 atrial strips from 15/18 patients chronically treated with β blockers. The incidence of arrhythmic contractions evoked by both (−)-noradrenaline and (−)-adrenaline was higher in chronically β blocked patients than in non β blocked patients. We conclude that both β1- and β2-adrenoceptors mediate atrial arrhythmias and that the generation of these arrhythmias is facilitated by chronic β1-adrenoceptor blockade.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00173215
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    5-Hydroxytryptamine causes rate-dependent arrhythmias through 5-HT4 receptors in human atrium: facilitation by chronic β-adrenoceptor blockade (1994)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 349 (1994), S. 331-337 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Key words: 5-HT-evoked arrhythmias – 5-HT4 receptors – Human atrium – SB 203186 – 5-HT4 receptor antagonist – Chronic β-adrenoceptor blockade
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. We have investigated the ability of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) to elicit arrhythmic contractions in isolated human atrial strips as a function of pacing rate (0.1–2 Hz) using a method recently introduced by us (Kaumann and Sanders, this journal, 1993b) and examined the nature of the 5-HT receptors involved. Right atrial appendage tissue was obtained from 14 patients undergoing cardiac surgery. None of the patients had advanced heart failure. 5-HT (0.6–20 μmol/l) induced arrhythmic contractions during pacing in 4/11 atrial strips from 3/4 patients who had not received β blockers and in 21/27 atrial strips from 9/10 patients who had been chronically treated with β blockers (primarily β 1-selective). The incidence of arrhythmic contractions evoked by 5-HT did not reach statistical significance in the atrial tissue from the non-β blocked patients but was highly significant in the atrial tissue from the chronically β blocked patients. The arrhythmic contractions usually occurred more frequently at low than at high pacing rates and were observed at the physiological frequency of 1 Hz in 1/4 atrial strips from 1/4 of the non-β blocked patients and 6/11 strips from 5/10 of the β blocked patients. The 5-HT-evoked arrhythmic contractions were observed during blockade of β 1-adrenoceptors, β 2-adrenoceptors and 5-HT3 receptors, ruling out the participation of these receptors. The 5-HT-evoked arrhythmic contractions were totally inhibited within 30 min by the selective 5-HT4 receptor antagonist SB 203186 ((1-piperidinyl)ethyl 1H-indole 3-carboxylate) 100 nmol/l whereas they persisted in time-matched controls. The blockade of 5-HT-evoked arrhythmic contractions by SB 203186 was surmounted by high concentrations (400–1800 μmol/l) of 5-HT. Our results demonstrate that 5-HT elicits rate-dependent arrhythmic contractions in isolated human atrium through the 5-HT4 receptor and that they are facilitated in atrial tissue from patients treated with β blockers. Our results suggest that endogenous, platelet-derived 5-HT may cause atrial arrhythmias and that exogenous 5-HT4 agonists/partial agonists may be arrhythmogenic.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00170877
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chronic β1-adrenoceptor blockade sensitises the H1 and H2 receptor systems in human atrium: role of cyclic nucleotides (1996)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 353 (1996), S. 661-670 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Human atrium ; Chronic β-adrenoceptor blockade ; Histamine1 and histamine2 receptor hyperresponsiveness ; Contractile force ; Arrhythmias ; Cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP ; Protein kinase A ; Phosphodiesterase 3
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We have reported that chronic treatment of patients with β1-adrenoceptor blockers sensitises isolated atrial preparations to adrenaline, noradrenaline and 5-HT. We have now examined the effect of chronic treatment with β-adrenoceptor blockers on responses to histamine of human right atrial appendages. We compared the effects of histamine on contractile force, cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP levels as well as cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) activity and explored the arrhythmogenic effects of histamine in preparations obtained from patients chronically treated or not treated with β-adrenoceptor blockers. Histamine increased contractile force in paced preparations; the effects were blocked by the H2 receptor antagonist famotidine (0.1–30 μmol/1). The maximum inotropic response to histamine was doubled and the inotropic potency of histamine 0.4 log units greater in atria from β-adrenoceptor blocker-treated compared to non β-adrenoceptor blocker-treated patients. Histamine elicited frequency-dependent arrhythmias that were blocked by famotidine (30 μmol/1) but not by mepyramine (1 μmol/1). The incidence of arrhythmias was higher in atria from β-adrenoceptor blocker-treated compared to untreated patients. Histamine increased both cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP levels, as well as PKA activity, significantly more in atria from β-adrenoceptor blocker-treated compared to those from untreated patients. Mepyramine 1 μmol/l prevented the histamine-evoked increase in cyclic GMP levels, reduced the inotropic hyperresponsiveness and abolished the hyperresponsiveness in cyclic AMP levels and PKA activity observed in patients chronically treated with β blockers. Sodium nitroprusside 10 μmol/l caused smaller increases of cyclic GMP levels than histamine and restored the contracile force depressed by mepyramine to its original level in atria from β-adrenoceptor blocker-treated patients. The evidence is consistent with sensitisation of both the histamine H1 and histamine H2 receptor systems by chronic β1-adrenoceptor blockade. H1 receptor-mediated increases in cyclic GMP, enhanced through an as yet unknown mechanism by chronic β1-adrenoceptor blockade, may inhibit phosphodiesterase 3 activity, thereby causing enhanced histamine-evoked increases in cyclic AMP levels and PKA activity, and accounting partially for the increased inotropic responses to histamine through H2 receptors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00167185
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    β2-Adrenoceptor activation by zinterol causes protein phosphorylation, contractile effects and relaxant effects through a cAMP pathway in human atrium (1996)
    Springer
    Molecular and cellular biochemistry 163-164 (1996), S. 113-123 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Keywords: human atrium ; β2-adrenoceptors ; receptor binding ; zinterol ; adenylyl cyclase stimulation ; atrial relaxation and contraction ; protein phosphorylation ; troponin I ; C-protein ; phospholamban
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Evidence from ventricular preparations of cat, sheep, rat and dog suggests that both β1-adrenoceptors (β1AR) and β2-adrenoceptors (β2AR) mediate positive inotropic effects but that only β1AR do it through activation of a cAMP pathway. On the other hand, our evidence has shown that both β1 AR and β2 AR hasten relaxation of isolated human myocardium consistent with a common cAMP pathway. We have now investigated in the isolated human right atrial appendage, a tissue whose β-AR comprise around 2/3 of β1AR and 1/3 of β2AR, whether or not β2AR-mediated effects occur via activation of a cAMP pathway. We carried out experiments on atria obtained from patients without advanced heart failure undergoing open heart surgery. To activate β2AR, we used the β2AR-selective ligand zinterol. Experiments were carried out on paced atrial strips (1 Hz) and tissue homogenates and membrane particles. Zinterol caused positive inotropic and lusitropic (i.e. reduction of t1:2 of relaxation) effects with EC50 values of 3 and 2 nM, respectively. The zinterol-evoked effects were unaffected by the β AR-selective antagonist CGP 20712A (300 nM) but blocked surmountably by the β2AR-selective antagonist ICI 118551 (50 nM) which reduced both EC50 values to 1 μM. Zinterol stimulated adenylyl cyclase activity with an EC50 of 30 nM and intrinsic activity of 0.75 with respect to (−)-isoprenaline (600 μM); the effects were resistant to blockade by CGP 20712A (300 nM) but antagonised surmountably by ICI 118551 (50 nM). Zinterol bound to membrane PAR labelled with (−)-[125I] cyanopindolol with higher affinity for β2AR than for β- 1 AR; the binding to β2AR but not to β- BAR was reduced by GTPyS (10 μM). In the presence of CGP 20712A (300 nM) (−)-isoprenaline (400 μM); (to activate both β1AR and β2AR maximally) and zinterol (10 μM); increased contractile force 3.4-fold and 2.5-fold respectively and reduced relaxation tut by 32% and 18% respectively. These effects of (−)-isoprenaline and zinterol were associated (5 min incubation) with phosphorylation (pmol P/mg supernatant protein) of troponin I and C-protein to values of 8.4 ± 2.0 vs 12.4 ± 2.3 and 10.1 ± 2.5 vs 8.6 ± 1.6 respectively. (−)-Isoprenaline and zinterol also caused phosphorylation of phospholamban (1.8 ± 0.3 vs 0.4 ± 0.1 pmol P/mg respectively) specifically at serine residues. We conclude that in human atrial myocardium activation of both β1AR and β2AR leads to cAMP-dependent phosphorylation of proteins involved in augmenting both contractility and relaxation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00408647
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A 5-HT4-like receptor in human right atrium (1991)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 344 (1991), S. 150-159 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Human right atrium ; 5 HT4-like receptor ; 5-Carboxamidotryptamine ; Renzapride ; Cisapride
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effects of 5-carboxamidotryptamine (5-CT) and the gastrokinetic benzamides renzapride and cisapride on contractile force were investigated using isolated paced right atrial appendages from patients treated with β-adrenoceptor blocking agents who were undergoing open heart surgery. These effects were compared to those of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT). The effects of the drugs on atrial cyclic AMP levels and cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase ratios were also investigated. The drugs all increased contractile force rank order of potency was 5-HT 〉 renzapride 〉 cisapride 〉 5-CT. The maximum responses, expressed as a fraction of the response to 200 μmol/l (−)-isoprenaline, were 5-HT 0.6, 5-CT 0.6, renzapride 0.4 and cisapride ≥ 0.2, suggesting that the latter two are partial agonists. 5-HT, 5-CT and renzapride but not cisapride caused significant shortening of time to peak force. The effects of the four drugs were blocked by molar concentrations of ICS 205-930, suggesting an involvement of 5-HT4 receptors. As expected of partial agonists both renzapride and cisapride caused simple competitive antagonism of the positive inotropic effects of 5-HT The estimated equilibrium dissociation constants pK p (−log mol/l K p ) were 6.7 for renzapride and 6.2 for cisapride. 5-CT at concentrations up to 10 μmol/l did not antagonise the effects of 5-HT. In the presence of (±)-propranolol 0.4 μmol/I, 5-HT 10 μmol/l, 5-CT 100 μmol/I, renzapride 10 μmol/l and cisapride 40 μmol/I significantly increased cyclic AMP levels. 5-HT and renzapride also significantly increased cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase activity, whereas 5-CT caused only marginal stimulation and cisapride was ineffective. The results confirm the existence of a human right atrial 5-HT receptor that is similar in nature to, but not necessarily identical with, the 5-HT4 receptor of mouse embryonic colliculi neurones. The main difference is that in human right atrium the benzamides are less potent and efficacious than 5-HT and that cisapride is less potent and less efficacious than renzapride while in mouse embryonic colliculi these two benzamides are equipotent with and more efficacious agonists than 5-HT We designate the human right atrial 5-HT receptor 5-HT4-like. The human right atrial 5-HT4-like receptor greatly resembles porcine sinoatrial and left atrial 5-HT4-like receptors and also appears to be similar to 5-HT4-like receptors of guinea-pig ileum and rat oesophagus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00167212
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A 5-HT4-like receptor in human left atrium (1992)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 345 (1992), S. 382-386 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Human left atrium ; 5-Hydroxytryptamine ; Positive inotropism ; 5-HT4 receptor ; Heart failure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effects of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) on left atrial preparations obtained from 5 patients with terminal heart failure who were undergoing heart transplant surgery were investigated. The preparations were paced under isometric conditions. In the presence of (−)-pindolol I pmol/l (to block β-adrenoceptors) and cocaine 6 gmol/l (to block tissue uptake of 5-HT) 5-HT increased contractile force with a pEC50 of 7.0. The maximum effect of 5-HT amounted to 24.5% of that caused by a maximally effective concentration of (−)-isoprenaline (200 μmol/l) and 25% of that caused by 6.75 mmol/l CaCl2. The, effects of 5-HT were competitively antagonised by 3α-tropanyl-1H-indole-3-carboxylate (ICS 205–930) with a pKB of 6.8. The effects of 5-HT on cyclic AMP levels and cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase activity were also studied using left atrial tissues from one of the patients; 5-HT increased the cyclic AMP content and stimulated the kinase. The results are consistent with the existence of a human left atrial 5-HT receptor which is similar to the recently identified human right atrial 5-HT receptor that resembles the 5-HT4 receptor. The left atrial 5-HT4-like receptor is functional in tissues obtained from patients with terminal heart failure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00176614
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    5-Hydroxytryptamine causes rate-dependent arrhythmias through 5-HT4 receptors in human atrium: facilitation by chronic β-adrenoceptor blockade (1994)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 349 (1994), S. 331-337 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: 5-HT-evoked arrhythmias ; 5-HT4 receptors ; Human atrium ; SB 203186 ; 5-HT4 receptor antagonist ; Chronic β-adrenoceptor blockade
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We have investigated the ability of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) to elicit arrhythmic contractions in isolated human atrial strips as a function of pacing rate (0.1–2 Hz) using a method recently introduced by us (Kaumann and Sanders, this journal, 1993b) and examined the nature of the 5-HT receptors involved. Right atrial appendage tissue was obtained from 14 patients undergoing cardiac surgery. None of the patients had advanced heart failure. 5-HT (0.6–20 μmol/l) induced arrhythmic contractions during pacing in 4/11 atrial strips from 3/4 patients who had not received β blockers and in 21/27 atrial strips from 9/10 patients who had been chronically treated with β blockers (primarily β1-selective). The incidence of arrhythmic contractions evoked by 5-HT did not reach statistical significance in the atrial tissue from the non-β blocked patients but was highly significant in the atrial tissue from the chronically β blocked patients. The arrhythmic contractions usually occurred more frequently at low than at high pacing rates and were observed at the physiological frequency of 1 Hz in 1/4 atrial strips from 1/4 of the non-β blocked patients and 6/11 strips from 5/10 of the β blocked patients. The 5-HT-evoked arrhythmic contractions were observed during blockade of β1-adrenoceptors, β2-adrenoceptors and 5-HT3 receptors, ruling out the participation of these receptors. The 5-HT-evoked arrhythmic contractions were totally inhibited within 30 min by the selective 5-HT4 receptor antagonist SB 203186 ((1-piperidinyl)ethyl 1H-indole 3-carboxylate) 100 nmol/l whereas they persisted in time-matched controls. The blockade of 5-HT-evoked arrhythmic contractions by SB 203186 was surmounted by high concentrations (400–1800 μmol/l) of 5-HT. Our results demonstrate that 5-HT elicits rate-dependent arrhythmic contractions in isolated human atrium through the 5-HT4 receptor and that they are facilitated in atrial tissue from patients treated with β blockers. Our results suggest that endogenous, platelet-derived 5-HT may cause atrial arrhythmias and that exogenous 5-HT4 agonists/partial agonists may be arrhythmogenic.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00170877
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  • 10
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    Study protocol: evaluation of a parenting and stress management programme: a randomised controlled trial of Triple P Discussion Groups and Stress Control (2013)
    BioMed Central
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-09-26
    Description: Background: Children displaying psychosocial problems are at an increased risk of negative developmental outcomes. Parenting practices are closely linked with child development and behaviour, and parenting programmes have been recommended in the treatment of child psychosocial problems. However, parental mental health also needs to be addressed when delivering parenting programmes as it is linked with parenting practices, child outcomes, and treatment outcomes of parenting programmes. This paper describes the protocol of a study examining the effects of a combined intervention of a parenting programme and a cognitive behavioural intervention for mental health problems. Methods: The effects of a combined intervention of Triple P Discussion Groups and Stress Control will be examined using a randomised controlled trial design. Parents with a child aged 3--8 years will be recruited to take part in the study. After obtaining informed consent and pre-intervention measures, participants will be randomly assigned to either an intervention or a waitlist condition. The two primary outcomes for this study are change in dysfunctional/ineffective parenting practices and change in symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress. Secondary outcomes are child behaviour problems, parenting experiences, parental self-efficacy, family relationships, and positive parental mental health. Demographic information, participant satisfaction with the intervention, and treatment fidelity data will also be collected. Data will be collected at pre-intervention, mid-intervention, post-intervention, and 3-month follow-up.DiscussionThe aim of this paper is to describe the study protocol of a randomised controlled trial evaluating the effects of a combined intervention of Triple P Discussion Groups and Stress Control in comparison to a waitlist condition. This study is important because it will provide evidence about the effects of this combined intervention for parents with 3--8 year old children. The results of the study could be used to inform policy about parenting support and support for parents with mental health problems.Trial registration: ClinicalTrial.gov: NCT01777724, UTN: U1111-1137-1053.
    Electronic ISSN: 1471-2458
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by BioMed Central
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