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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of SO 4 2− doping and Y-irradiation on the thermal decomposition of barium bromate (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 35 (1989), S. 1621-1628 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Wirkung von Versetzen mit SO 4 2} - und γ-Bestrahlung auf die isotherme (563 K) Zersetzung von Bariumbromat wurde gasometrisch untersucht. Es zeigte sich, daß die Zeitcharakteristiken für die reinen, die versetzten und bestrahlten Kristalle verschiedene Stufen durchlaufen, nämlich anfängliche Gasentwicklung (Aufblähen), Induktionsperiode, lineare Reaktion, Beschleunigung und Abklingen. Die Daten wurden unter dem Gesichtspunkt verschiedener kinetischer Modelle betrachtet, z. B. lineare Geschwindigkeitsgleichung, das Modell von Prout-Tompkins und Avrami-Erofeev. Es werden kurz ein einleuchtender Reaktionsmechanismus und der Einfluß von Anionengitterlücken und γ-Bestrahlung darauf diskutiert.
    Abstract: Резюме Методом газометрии и зучено влияние легирующей добавки с ульфат-иона иγоблуч ения на изотермическое ра зложение (563 К) бромата б ария. Наблюдалось, что фрак ция разложения,α-время, «t» характеристики дл я чистых, легированных и облуч енных кристаллов показывают такие ста дии, как начальное выд еление газа, индукционное время, л инейную реакцию, ускорение и р аспад. Полученные дан ные рассматривались в св ете различных кинетических моделе й подобно уравнению л инейной скорости, уравнениям Прот-Томпкинса и Аврами-Ерофеева. Крат ко обсужден приемлем ый механизм реакции и влияние на н его анионных вакансий и о блучения.
    Notes: Abstract The effects of SO 4 2− doping and Y-irradiation on the isothermal (563 K) decomposition of barium bromate have been investigated gasometrically with a vacuum apparatus. Plots of the fraction decomposed avs. timet for pure, doped and irradiated crystals exhibited characteristic stages: initial gas evolution (initial puff), an induction period, linear reaction, an acceleratory period and decay. The data are considered in the light of various kinetic models, e.g. linear rate equation, Prout-Tompkins and Avrami-Erofeev. The plausible mechanism of the reaction and the effects on this of anion vacancies and Y-irradiation are discussed briefly.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01912937
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    GC-FTIR-MS analysis of volatile radiolysis products of nitrophenol solutions in carbon tetrachloride (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 175 (1993), S. 359-370 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Capillary gas chromatography — Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy combined with capillary gas chromatography — mass spectrometry is employed for the analysis of major volatile products in the γ-radiolysis of isomeric nitrophenol solutions in carbon tetrachloride. Isomeric di- and trichlorophenols, chloronitrophenols and dichloroisocyanatobenzenes in addition to those formed with m- and p-isomers, are among the important products formed in the solution of o-nitrophenol in carbon tetrachloride. Formation of dichloroisocyanatobenzene is explained by the interaction of dichlorocarbene with the nitro group followed by the ipso-substitution of OH and H atom by chlorine atom.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02164038
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    GC-FTIR-MS analysis of volatile radiolytic products in the radiolysis of nitroaniline-carbon tetrachloride solutions+ (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 176 (1993), S. 185-197 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract A good deal of products formed in the γ-radiolysis of isomeric nitroaniline solutions in carbon tetrachloride have been identified using GC-FTIR-MS technique. Tetrachloroethylene, chloroeenzene, hexachloroethane isomeric di-, tri- and tetrachlorobenzenes and chloroisocyanatobenzenes are among the important products formed in the radiolysis. Formation of dichlorobenzene is the result of ipso-substitution of both the nitro and aniline group by chlorine atom and the subsequent chlorination of dichlorobenzene results in the formation of polychlorobenzenes. Chloroisocyanatobenzene is proposed to be the product arising from the interaction of dichlorocarbene and the nitro group of nitroaniline followed by chlorination of the resulting product, isocyanatobenzene. A 94% yield of undissolved 1,2-aminonitrobenzene chloride salt is obtained from the radiolysis of o-nitroaniline solution in carbon tetrachloride with a radiation yield of 1.83 molecules per 100 eV absorbed energy for an irradiation dose of 267 kGy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02163669
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    GC-MS and GC-FTIR identification of volatile radiolytic products in water-nitrobenzene-carbon tetrachloride two phase systems (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 173 (1993), S. 395-407 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Various volatile products formed in the γ-radiolysis of water-nitrobenzene-carbon tetrachloride two phase systems have been identified using GC-MS and GC-FTIR systems. The conditions for the separation of the products are described in detail. It was found that product formation is dependent on the composition of the systems. In case when the volume ratio of carbon tetrachloride is higher, chlorobenzene appears to be one of the major radiolytic products. This means that substitution of the nitro group by chlorine atom occurs in the presence of water. Substitution of the nitro group and hydrogen atom by chlorine atom and/or HO free radical is also observed, depending on the composition of the mixture. Formation of phenyl isocyanate is proposed to be the result of interaction of dichlorocarbene and nitrobenzene. The mechanism of some main product formation is described briefly.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02043042
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Radiation chemical yields of main volatile products in the gamma-radiolysis of nitrobenzene and isomeric dinitrobenzene, nitrophenol, and nitroaniline solutions in carbon tetrachloride (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 174 (1993), S. 103-114 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract GC-MS method has been used for the determination of initial radiation yields of tetrachloroetyhelene, hexachloroethane and other volatile radiolyticalipso-substitued products including dichlorobenzenes, and chloronitrobenzenes formed in the γ-radiolysis of solutions of nitrobenzene, isomeric dinitrobenzenes, nitrophenols and nitroanilines in carbon tetrachloride. The decay of the solutes except nitrobenzene with dose is also considered by evaluating G(-solute) values. In almost all the solutions a decrease in the G-value of hexachloroethane is observed except inpara-dinitrobenzene andpara-nitrophenol solution where the G-value remains unaltered. The formation of tetrachloroethylene is not affected by the presence of nitroaromatics expect in the case ofortho-nitroaniline andortho-nitrophenol solutions, where an increase in the G-value is observed. This observation is explained in terms of energy transfer (quenching), charge transfer and scavenging of electrons by the nitroaromatic mmolecules.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02040338
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Radiation degradation of waste waters (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 183 (1994), S. 99-107 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Saturated aqueous solutions of nitrobenzene (in water, 0.1M nitric acid and 0.1M potassium hydroxide) were irradiated with60Co γ-rays in deaerated condition. Radiolytic products were analyzed using reverse phase-high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) and multicomponent UV-VIS spectrometry. With the aid of RP-HPLC retention times of the radiolytic products were found to be identical with those of isomeric nitrophenols, aminophenols and dinitrophenols. According to the primary information obtained from RP-HPLC and literature, we have chosen ten standards and eleven wavelengths for multicomponent UV-VIS analysis (linear multiparametric regression analysis) and the concentrations of nitrobenzene, nitrophenols, aminophenols and dinitrophenols in water, HNO3 and KOH solutions were calculated.G-values molecules/100 eV) of the radiolytic products and decomposition of nitrobenzene in aqueous solutionsG(-nitrobenzene) were calculated from the dependence of their concentrations with dose. Ph has relatively little influence on the decrease of concentration of nitrobenzene, but has strong influence on the product composition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02043121
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    HPLC profiling of radiolytic products of nitrobenzene-carbon tetrachloride-water two-phase systems (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 163 (1992), S. 107-112 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Radiolytic products of the two-phase systems of nitrobenzene-carbon tetrachloride-water mixtures have been identified using HPLC adsorption chromatography on SEPARON SIX silica gel column under an elution gradient from n-hexane to ethyl acetate. That the product formation is a function of the mixture composition is indicated by the chromatograms. Para-nitrophenol constitutes one of the major radiolytic products in the system where the volume ratio of nitrobenzene is more than that of carbon tetrachloride and its radiation yield is dependent on the volume ratio of the aqueous phase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02037485
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  • 8
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    Improved Detection of Emerging Drug-Resistant Mutant Cytomegalovirus Subpopulations by Deep Sequencing [Antiviral Agents] (2014)
    The American Society for Microbiology (ASM)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-07-16
    Description: In immunosuppressed hosts, the development of multidrug resistance complicates the treatment of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. Improved genotypic detection of impending drug resistance may follow from recent technical advances. A severely T-cell-depleted patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia developed CMV pneumonia and high plasma viral loads that were poorly responsive to antiviral therapy. Serial plasma specimens were analyzed for mutant viral populations by conventional and high-throughput deep-sequencing methods. Uncharacterized mutations were phenotyped for drug resistance using recombinant viruses. Conventional genotyping detected viruses with the UL97 kinase substitution C607Y after ganciclovir treatment, a transient subpopulation of UL54 polymerase L773V mutants first detected 8 weeks after foscarnet was started, and a subpopulation of a mutant with deletion of UL54 codons 981 and 982 2 months after the addition of cidofovir. Deep sequencing of the same serial specimens revealed the same UL54 mutants sooner, along with a more complex evolution of known and newly recognized mutant subpopulations missed by conventional sequencing. The UL54 exonuclease substitutions D413N, K513R, and C539G were newly shown to confer ganciclovir-cidofovir resistance, while L773V was shown to confer foscarnet resistance and add to the ganciclovir resistance conferred by UL97 C607Y. Increased sequencing depth provided a more timely and detailed diagnosis of mutant viral subpopulations that evolved with changing anti-CMV therapy.
    Print ISSN: 0066-4804
    Electronic ISSN: 1098-6596
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by The American Society for Microbiology (ASM)
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  • 9
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    Homotypic Dengue Virus Reinfections in Nicaraguan Children (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-09-14
    Description: Background.  Infection with any of the 4 related dengue virus serotypes (DENV-1–4) is thought to result in lifelong immunity to homotypic reinfection (ie, reinfection with the same serotype). Methods.  Archived serum samples collected as part of an ongoing pediatric dengue cohort study in Nicaragua were tested for DENV by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Samples were collected from 2892 children who presented with an acute febrile illness clinically attributed to a non-DENV cause (hereafter, "C cases"). Test results were added to a database of previously identified symptomatic dengue cases in the cohort to identify repeat infections. Results.  Four patients with homotypic DENV reinfections were identified and confirmed among 29 repeat DENV infections (13.8%) with serotype confirmation. Homotypic reinfections with DENV-1, DENV-2, and DENV-3 occurred 325–621 days after the initial infection. Each patient experienced 1 symptomatic dengue case and 1 DENV-positive C case, and 2 patients presented with symptomatic dengue during their second infection. These DENV-positive C cases did not elicit long-lived humoral immune responses, despite viremia levels of up to 6.44 log 10 copies per mL of serum. Conclusions.  We describe the first set of virologically confirmed homotypic DENV reinfections. Such cases challenge the current understanding of DENV immunity and have important implications for modeling DENV transmission.
    Print ISSN: 0022-1899
    Electronic ISSN: 1537-6613
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA).
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